This chapter contains sections titled: 5.2.1 Enzymes in Household Detergents 5.2.1.1 Historical Development 5.2.1.2 Laundry Soils 5.2.1.3 Detergent Composition and Washing Process 5.2.1.4 Enzyme-Aided Detergency and Soil Removal 5.2.1.5 Detergent Enzyme Performance Evaluation and Screening 5.2.1.6 Enzyme Types 5.2.1.7 Future Trends 5.2.2 Enzymes in Automatic Dishwashing 5.2.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2.2 Characteristics of Enzymes for ADDs 5.2.2.3 Proteases 5.2.2.4 Amylases 5.2.2.5 Other Enzymes 5.2.2.6 Automatic Dishwashing Detergents 5.2.3 Enzymes in Grain Wet-Milling 5.2.3.1 Introduction 5.2.3.2 Overview of the Conversion of Corn to HFCS 5.2.3.3 α-Amylase 5.2.3.4 Glucoamylase 5.2.3.5 Pullulanase 5.2.3.6 Glucose Isomerase 5.2.3.7 Use of Wheat Starch 5.2.4 Enzymes in Animal Feeds 5.2.4.1 Introduction 5.2.4.2 Enzymes Used in Animal Feed 5.2.4.3 Future Developments 5.2.5 Enzymes in Textile Production 5.2.5.1 Introduction 5.2.5.2 Cellulose Fibers 5.2.5.3 Proteinous Fibers 5.2.5.4 Textile Effluent Treatment and Recycling 5.2.5.5 Outlook 5.2.6 Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing 5.2.6.1 Introduction 5.2.6.2 Enzymes 5.2.6.3 Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing

The isomerization of d-glucose into d-fructose was investigated in view to afford carbohydrate source for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) without the use of toxic metallic catalyst. The process uses a basic heterogeneous catalyst in organic solvent mixtures to lead up to 72% selectivity of d-fructose for 68% conversion of d-glucose. The catalyst has been recycled four times with little decrease of the selectivity. The resulting carbohydrates solution can be directly dehydrated to afford HMF.