The dodecameric vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase from Corallina officinalis has been cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. However, the enzyme was found to be predominantly in the form of inclusion bodies. This protein presents a challenging target for refolding, both due to the size (768kDa) and quaternary structure (12×64kDa). Successful refolding conditions have been established which result in an increase in the final yield of active bromoperoxidase from 0.5mg to 40mg per litre of culture. The refolded protein has been characterised and compared to the native enzyme and was shown to be stable at temperatures of 80°C, over a pH range 5.5–10 and in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetonitrile, methanol, and acetone. The novel refolding approach reported in this paper opens up the full potential of this versatile enzyme for use in large scale biotransformation studies.

The STAYWELL Program, an 8-session health promotion/disease prevention pro-gram for older adults, was found to have a significant impact on elder participants' health-related beliefs and behaviors. This quasi-experimental study's 146 participants were recruited from 8 western New York senior citizen centers, and 70% (n = 102) were available for a 9-month follow-up assessment. As compared with elders on a waiting list, study participants who experienced the STAYWELL intervention ex-pressed significantly healthier beliefs and reported behavioral changes indicative of a healthier lifestyle at follow-up. All of the intervention effect sizes observed may be characterized as large to very large: (1) The intervention group expressed healthier beliefs as assessed using the healthy belief index-at follow-up, three quarters of them scored higher on this measure than the average person in the waiting list comparison group (U3 = 77.3%); (2) the intervention group engaged in healthier behaviors as assessed by using the healthy behavior index (U3 = 92.4%); and (3) they also took fewer medications (U3 = 74.2%); all p < .05. Extant cohorts in this field (more than 20,000 elders) may offer collaborative opportunities for needed longer follow-up of health outcome end-points.

An exploratory experimental investigation of a new device to control the asymmetric flowfield on forebodies at large angles of attack has been conducted. The device is a rotatable forebody tip, which varies in cross section from circular at its base to elliptic at its tip. The device itself extends over a small portion of the aircraft or missile forebody. The device provides two important improvements. First, it replaces the normally random behavior of the nose side force as a function of nose tip orientation with a predictable and generally sinusoidal distribution; second, the device shows promise for use as part of a vehicle control system to be deflected in a prescribed manner to provide additional directional control for the vehicle. The device was tested on a cone/cylinder model having a 10-deg semiapex angle and on a 3.0-caliber tangent ogive model. Data were taken with each model at a Reynolds number of 8.4 x 10 4 based on cylinder diameter and by a helium-bubble flow visualization technique at a Reynolds number of 2.4 x 10 4.

In Reply. — Dr Hall's charge of physician bashing will be recognized as absurd by all readers ofThe Medics' War, whether they are physicians or laypersons. The theme of the book is that the army's need to attract physicians in the aftermath of World War II led the service to emphasize clinical training and specialization and, at the same time, to neglect field training for its medical officers. The result was a service of superb professional competence combined, sometimes tragically, with a lack of military knowledge and experience among the junior officers. On the very page denounced by Dr Hall, I say: "Though casualties exceeded all predictions, hospital death rates were the lowest in the history of warfare. At a time when the draft had not yet come to solve the problem of procuring doctors, this accomplishment belonged to the Medical Service almost alone, to its cadre of experienced

This experimental investigation studied the effects of variations in model tip sharpness with and without the discrete surface perturbations of cylindrical beads attached to the model surface.

A high-sensitivity interferometer has been developed and used to detect boundary-layer transitions over a symmetric airfoil. The tests, which included both natural and roughness-induced transitions, were performed in a transonic wind tunnel. The measurements showed a peak amplitude rms and higher energy in the spectrum of the signal associated with transition. The tests revealed that the interferometer system can be used to locate the transition region over three-dimensional aerodynamic models.

Four different boundary-layer transition detection techniques, namely liquid crystals, very thin hot films, IR photography, and an optical interferometer, were compared using the same flat plate model for the same tunnel conditions. The comparisons, conducted at NASA-Langley, involved not only their sensitivity to transition but also their ease of use. The thin films, as expected, gave excellent quantitative information and were used as the standard for evaluating the other techniques. Both the liquid crystals and IR photography were able to detect transition before the boundary-layer intermittency factor had reached 50 percent. The optical interferometer was unsuccessful. Conditions sampled included a range of Mach numbers from 1.5 to 2.5 and unit Reynolds numbers from 1.0 to 4.0 million/foot.

The effects of such geometric perturbations as variations of model-tip sharpness and roughness, as well as discrete surface perturbations, on the asymmetric flow past slender bodies is experimentally investigated for the cases of a cone/cylinder model having a 10-deg semiapex angle and a 3.0-caliber tangent ogive model. Both models have base diameters of 3.5 inches, and were tested in laminar flow conditions at angles-of-attack in the 30-60 deg range. Single, discrete roughness elements were represented by beads; bead effectiveness was judged on the basis of the extent to which they affected the flowfield in various conditions.

Seventeen strains of mycobacteria, recovered from six armadillos experimentally infected with Mycobacterium leprae, were examined in ten different laboratories. This collaborative study included use of conventional bacteriological tests, lipid analyses, determination of mycobactins and peptidoglycans, characterization by Py-MS, and immunological, metabolic, pathological and DNA studies. These armadillo-derived mycobacteria (ADM) formed five homogeneous groups (numbered ADM 1 to 5) on the basis of phenetic analyses. However, DNA studies revealed only four homogeneous groups since group ADM 1 and one of the two strains in group ADM 3 showed a high level of DNA relatedness. The phenetic and DNA studies confirmed that the ADM strains differed from all other known mycobacteria. Cultural, biochemical, metabolic and pathogenic properties as well as DNA-DNA hybridizations clearly differentiated these ADM from M. leprae.

For equilibrium two-phase flow the squared ratio of mixture volume to mixture sound speed, 0(g, T) is shown to have the same form as many weighted mean two-phase properties; namely 0(g,T) = gp(l,T) + (l-g)0(ti,T), where g is the liquid mass fraction and £(1,7) and 0(0,7) are the isothermal saturated liquid and vapor values of 0 which are generated for nitrogen in tabulated form by a computer program. With these ft tables a simplified method of calculating two-phase Mach numbers is developed for various duct flows. Oneand two-phase Mach number jumps at phase boundaries are also discussed.

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 40, Issue 6 p. 1138-1141 FORMATION OF ALDEHYDES AND ALCOHOLS IN TOMATO FRUIT FROM U-14 C-LABELED LINOLENIC AND LINOLEIC ACIDS E. J. STONE, E. J. STONE Campbell Institute for Food Research, Camden, NJ 08101Search for more papers by this authorR. M. HALL, R. M. HALL Campbell Institute for Food Research, Camden, NJ 08101Search for more papers by this authorS. J. KAZENIAC, S. J. KAZENIAC Campbell Institute for Food Research, Camden, NJ 08101Search for more papers by this author E. J. STONE, E. J. STONE Campbell Institute for Food Research, Camden, NJ 08101Search for more papers by this authorR. M. HALL, R. M. HALL Campbell Institute for Food Research, Camden, NJ 08101Search for more papers by this authorS. J. KAZENIAC, S. J. KAZENIAC Campbell Institute for Food Research, Camden, NJ 08101Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1975.tb01036.xCitations: 66 The authors are greatly indebted to Miss Carolann Palumbo for technical assistance. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Drawert, F., Heirnan, W. and Emberger, R. 1966. Enzymatische bildung von hexen-(2)-al-(1), hexanal and deren vorstufen. Ann. Chem. 694: 200. 10.1002/jlac.19666940125 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Eriksson, C.E. 1968. Alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.1.1.1.) from peas. J. Food Sci. 33: 525. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb03667.x CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Fleming, H.P., Cobb, W.Y., Etchells, J.L. and Bell, T.A. 1968. The formation of carbonyl compounds in cucumbers. J. Food Sci. 33: 572. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb09076.x CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Gonzales, J.G., Coggon, P. and Sanderson, G.W. 1972. Biochemistry of tea fermentation:formation of t-hexenal from linolenic acid. J. Food Sci. 37: 797. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1972.tb02757.x Web of Science®Google Scholar Grosch, W. 1967. Enzymatische bildung van neutralen carbonylverbin-dugen aus den lipoiden der erbse (Pisum sativum var. Gotinga). Z. Lebensm-Untersuch-Forschung 135: 75. 10.1007/BF01713069 CASGoogle Scholar Hatanaka, A. and Harada, T. 1973. Formation of cis-3-hexenai, tram-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol in macerated Thea sinensis leaves. Phyto-chemistry 12: 2341. 10.1016/0031-9422(73)80435-2 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Hatanaka, A. and Ohno, M. 1971. Leaf alcohol. Part 19. Chromic acid oxidation of isomeric n-hexenols. Agr. Biol. Chem. 35: 1044. 10.1271/bbb1961.35.1044 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jadhav, S., Singh, B. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1972. Metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in tomato fruit: linoleic and linolenic acid as orecursors of hexanal. Plant & Cell Physiol. 13: 449. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kapp, P.P. 1966. Some effects of variety, maturity and storage on fatty acids in fruit pericarp of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Ph.D. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Google Scholar Kazeniac, S.J. and Hall, R.M. 1970. Flavor chemistry of tomato volatiles. J. Food Sei. 35: 519. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb04799.x CASGoogle Scholar Major, R.T., Marchini, P. and Boulton, A.J. 1963. Observations on the production of α-hexenal by leaves of certain plants. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 1813. 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SUMMARY38 compounds were identified in tomato volatiles. Some of these had not been reported previously. Many factors, namely, fruit maturity, the physical condition of the fruit, the type of fruit crushing, the holding time of the juice or pulp after crushing, heat and oxygen were important for the development of certain tomato volatiles. Linolenic acid was indicated to be the precursor of cis‐3‐hexenal which developed during tissue maceration. fn turn, cis‐3‐ehexenal appeared to be the source of tram‐2‐hexenal. Some of the compounds were found to be important to tomato flavor. 2‐lsobutylthiazole and cis‐3‐hexenal appeared to intensify the fresh tomato flavor notes. 2‐lsobutylthiazole was also responsible for the characteristic flavor of certain tomato varieties. The quality of tomato volatiles appeared to depend on the interrelationships of both enzymic and chemical reactions that occurred during the preparative treatments used to isolate the volatiles.

Equatorial 2α-, 4α- and 7β-amino-5α-cholestane are deaminated in acetic or aqueous acetic acid with predominant but not exclusive retention accompanied by some elimination. Axial 4β- and 7α-amino-5α-cholestane are deaminated mainly with elimination, probably owing to the adjacent tertiary 5α- or 8β-hydrogen atom. 2β-Amino-5α-cholestane undergoes considerable elimination but also yields alcohols with predominant retention and acetates with predominant inversion. The ratio of epimeric alcohols formed differs considerably from the ratio of epimeric acetates produced in all these deaminations.The deamination process appears to be a complex reaction, greatly influenced by steric environment, which proceeds by a combination of SNi, SN2, and E2 mechanisms involving the diazonium ion, and by SN1 and E1 mechanisms involving the intermediate solvated carbonium ion.

Cleveland, Ohio *An abridgment of the material presented before the American Academy of Optometry at Chicago, Illinois, December 11, 1944. For publication in the June, 1945, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry.

Cleveland, Ohio *An abridgment of the material presented before the American Academy of Optometry. For publication in the May, 1941, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry.

Cleveland, Ohio *An abridgment of the material presented before the American Academy of Optometry at Rochester, New York, June 25, 1937.