The teratogenicity of tetrachloroacetone (TCA) was evaluated in CF-1 mice and New Zealand white rabbits. Mice were given 0, 5, 15 or 50 mg/kg/day of TCA by gavage on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Rabbits were given 0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day on days 6 through 18 of gestation. The incidence of malformed fetuses was not significantly increased among mice given 5, 15 or 50 mg/kg/day of TCA. Sixteen fetuses in 3 litters in the 50 mg/kg/day group had cleft palate; they were from three dams which showed the most severe signs of toxicity, including depressed weight gain, decreased water consumption, and gastric ulceration. Dosage with 5 mg/kg/day, a level which was not toxic to the pregnant female, was not toxic to developing mouse fetuses. Fetal effects in rabbits were limited to a slight, but not statistically significant or dose related increase in the incidence of malformed fetuses. On the basis of these results, TCA does not appear to represent a unique hazard to the conceptus.

Research ArticleOpen AccessPredictiveness and limitations of test methods in teratology: overview. R E Staples R E Staples Search for more papers by this author Published:1 December 1976https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.761895Cited by:5AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit "Predictiveness and limitations of test methods in teratology: overview.." Environmental Health Perspectives, 18, pp. 95–96FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Szakmáry É, Ungváry G, Hudák A, Tátrai E, Náray M and Morvai V (2001) EFFECTS OF COBALT SULFATE ON PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF MICE, RATS, AND RABBITS, AND ON EARLY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF RATS, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 10.1080/152873901300018110, 62:5, (367-386), Online publication date: 9-Mar-2001. Barrow P (2000) Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Safety Studies The Laboratory Rat, 10.1016/B978-012426400-7.50050-9, (199-225), . Bruyere H, Kargas S, Levy J, Opitz J and Bernstein J (1987) The causes and underlying developmental mechanisms of congenital cardiovascular malformations: A critical review, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 10.1002/ajmg.1320280547, 28:S3, (411-431), . Bleyl D (1984) Fortschrittsbericht Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der In-vitro-Technik für pränataltoxikologische Untersuchungen, Food/Nahrung, 10.1002/food.19840281014, 28:10, (1053-1063), . Sune Larsson K, Elwin C, Gabrielsson J, Paalzow L and Wachtmeister C (1982) DO TERATOGENICITY TESTS SERVE THEIR OBJECTIVES?, The Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90465-2, 320:8295, (439), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1982. Vol. 18December 1976Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 December 1976Published in print1 December 1976 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

Ovulation was induced in artificially inseminated rabbits by injection of LH, HCG or cupric sulfate. Naturally mated does served as controls. Fewer ova were released following copper-induced ovulation, but neither tubal transport of the zygotes nor their rate of development appeared to be altered by the substances injected. The degree of ovum development attained by 48 or 72 hr of gestation was not related to rate of travel through the reproductive tract. Endometrial activities of carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase were also determined. (Endocrinology81: 400, 1967)

Summary. The incidence of ovulation was determined among oestrous `Dutch-belted' does following exposure to varying degrees of behavioural stimulation short of coitus. The mounting of does by a male did not induce ovulation even though on more than 240 occasions the females assumed the fully arched position during which vaginal penetration was prevented by deflection of the males' hind quarters. Receptive females did not ovulate after thirty-five exposures as teasers for semen collection by artificial vagina, or if retained in close proximity to the male in addition to being mounted once daily over a 2-week period. Ovulation did occur among submissive oestrous does if they were repeatedly mounted by oestrous or anoestrous does while caged in pairs for periods ranging from 1 to 17 days, but ovulation was not observed among females that assumed only the dominant role.

Mature female rabbits readily ovulate and form functional corpora lutea (cl) if given exogenous luteinizing hormone (lh). lh was routinely administered to artificially inseminated Dutch-Belted does to initiate pregnancies successfully for teratology experiments (Staples & Holtkamp, 1963) ; however, it was noted that fewer pregnancies resulted among small, supposedly mature, does obtained from commercial suppliers. It was realized that, if body weight was related to response to lh administration among such small does of unknown age, a guideline was necessary for pre-selection of responding from non-responding does. This study was conducted to provide an estimate of the incidence of lh-induced cl formation and maintenance of pregnancy among supposedly mature does of varied weight groups. Thirty-two young, virgin, Dutch-Belted does were individually caged for 18 days. Body weights were recorded and each doe was injected intravenously with 1·0 mg of lh/kg (PLH, Armour). Laparotomies were performed 18 days later

The purpose of this communication is to report the presence of cornified cells in the vaginal smear of the rat before pro-oestrus. The cytological changes in the vaginal smear of the rat between the epithelial stage of pro-oestrus and the complete leucocyte infiltration of dioestrus have been well described (e.g. Long & Evans, 1922; Astwood, 1939; Young, Boling & Blandau, 1941; Hartman, 1944; Mandl, 1951). However, virtually no information is available about the interval between dioestrus and pro-oestrus except for the fact that the leucocytes are replaced by the numerous, small, round, nucleated epithelial cells that typify pro-oestrus. A stage of 'cell paucity' in late dioestrus was noted by Astwood (1939) and later confirmed by Hartman (1944). Mandl (1951) termed the last 7 hr. before pro-oestrus 'late dioestrum' and stated that cornified cells are not present in smears taken during this stage of the cycle. There is no additional information