The fourth industrial revolution transforms the built environment through several highly intelligence systems such as drones, 3D printers, robotics, as well as building information modelling (BIM) and geographic information systems (GIS). This transformation has widely been applied in buildings. However, to establish environmental sustainability in the built environment, this transformation needs to be expanded in other sectors that impact climate change such as construction and demolition waste materials. The aim of this chapter is to introduce a new conceptual model that can measure construction and demolition waste in real time and optimise their carbon footprint spatially. A quantitative methodology that embraces a measuring protocol and geospatial research method is proposed for this purpose. The proposed model is capable of measuring the recycling potential result in construction sites to support the circular economy as well as to mitigate the associated carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) with materials' embodied energy, transportation, and treatment.

Traditionally, construction and demolition waste (CDW) materials have been considered to be unwanted, surplus, or wastage materials or materials with zero value. Such a conceptualisation only embraces a negative aspect, which underpins the disposal of reusable and recyclable CDW materials in landfills, thus damaging the circular economy and the environment. The scope of this research was to conceptualise the circular economy potential of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste, which can be used as a resource for advancing the circular economy and sustainability in the built environment. Thus, the abbreviation 'CEPCDR' is used for this purpose. The study employs an integrative literature review to understand in depth whether the rationale in the existing CDW definitions advocates for the circular economy. Instead, the literature showed that the current definitions mainly support quantitative, economic, or classification needs, respectively. That is because they lack consideration of the dynamic nature of CDW materials, which embraces the spatial and temporal dimensions. The former involves the geographic context in which the CDW phenomenon eventuates, while the latter concerns the lifecycle of materials. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by conceptualising the CEPCDR using a holistic approach that includes five dimensions: the social, economic, environmental, spatial, and temporal perspectives. Furthermore, the study seeks to drive future research in measuring the CEPCDR.

The use of disposable takeaway coffee cups is a major environmental problem across the globe. There is an urgent need to gain an understanding of environment friendly takeaway coffee cup use by consumers in order to develop potential solutions to address this significant environmental issue. Prior literature has not specifically addressed the institutional factors that affect consumer behavior in relation to environment friendly takeaway coffee cup use. This paper explores the enablers and barriers that impact the adoption of environment friendly takeaway coffee cups and relates the consumer determinants to broader institutional factors. Based on in-depth interviews and non-participant observations with consumers and relevant stakeholders, this study finds that a change in consumer preference to environment friendly takeaway coffee cups is prompted by environmental messaging and pro-environmental behavior. This needs to be accompanied by broader institutional changes such as providing waste disposal infrastructure and altering monetary incentives for disposing takeaway cups. This study extends the academic literature on environment friendly takeaway coffee cup use by going beyond a consumer focus and incorporating institutional considerations. A holistic policy mix that incorporates individual and institutional factors is suggested in this study, contributing to practice, policy and a sustainable society.

As Kjetil Fallan and Finn Arne Jørgensen noted a few years ago in their introduction to a special issue of this journal (30.2), ‘Environmental Histories of Design: Towards a New Research Agenda’, with a few notable exceptions historians of design have been slow to respond to the implicit challenge of the conflict between humanity’s desire to ‘master’ and consume the natural environment’s riches, and the precautionary need to engage with, conserve, and value the ‘nature’ on which we all depend. This new edited volume, edited by Fallan, starts to put some flesh on the metaphorical bones of this new research agenda. Despite its relatively broad range, and limited reference to some of the dirtier and more environmentally destructive forms of design, the book is a significant offering, providing some valuable insights into where, why and how the history of design can contribute towards understanding humanity’s evolving, and increasingly catastrophic, impacts...

This research examines the motivation of undergraduate business students using the academic motivation scale. We examined the difference in motivation between business majors and a variety of nonbusiness majors. There were differences in the patterns of motivation, but business majors were not less motivated than nonbusiness students. As expected, business students exhibited an overall stronger extrinsic orientation. However, they scored significantly higher on the intrinsic desire toward accomplishment subscale. This is an interesting finding and we believe that it has implications for business educators. Specifically, we believe that game based learning may present a particularly useful approach for business majors.

The increasing presence of large quantities of disposable coffee cups in waste and litter streams is a concern for waste managers across the coffee-drinking world. Recent studies have largely focused on encouraging behavior change in coffee drinkers through a variety of financial and informational incentives. This paper contends that this approach is largely ineffective, and instead explores the social and institutional drivers behind coffee cup waste. It describes possible pathways toward a richer and more accurate understanding of this seemingly intractable problem and the development of viable and fruitful solutions. Based on in-depth interviews with coffee drinkers, cafe owners, baristas, and local council staff, this paper concludes that in order to tackle the issue of coffee cup pollution meaningfully, it is necessary to transcend the myopic focus on only individual consumption choices and patterns and widen the analysis to the cultural and institutional factors that presently constrain pro-environmental behaviors.

The primary purpose of this teaching case is to aid students in understanding how executive compensation plans are utilized to achieve organizational goals and to then construct their own executive compensation plan for the CEO of Greenleaf Grocery, a fictional retail business based on an actual company. Students have the opportunity to create a comprehensive executive compensation plan using salary, bonuses, stock options, benefits, and other compensation tools. Additionally, the case provides the opportunity to discuss the use of both short-term and long-term incentive compensation. The company in this case is poised to undertake an initial public offering of stock and retaining the current CEO is viewed as critical for this next phase. The case affords the class the opportunity to explore ethical issues in executive compensation as well as other aspects of the organization’s overall compensation structure.

Aim/Purpose: The dynamic nature of the information systems (IS) field presents educators with the perpetual challenge of keeping course offerings current and relevant. This paper describes the process at a College of Business (COB) to redesign the introductory IS course to better prepare students for advanced business classes and equip them with interdisciplinary knowledge and skills demanded in today’s workplace. Background: The course was previously in the Computer Science (CSC) Department, itself within the COB. However, an administrative restructuring resulted in the CSC department’s removal from the COB and left the core course in limbo. Methodology: This paper presents a case study using focus groups with students, faculty, and advisory council members to assess the value of the traditional introductory course. A survey was distributed to students after implementation of the newly developed course to assess the reception of the course. Contribution: This paper provides an outline of the decision-making process leading to the course redesign of the introductory IS course, including the context and the process of a new course development. Practical suggestions for implementing and teaching an introductory IS course in a business school are given. Findings: Focus group assessment revealed that stakeholders rated the existing introductory IS course of minimal value as students progressed through the COB program, and even less upon entering the workforce. The findings indicated a complete overhaul of the course was required. Recommendations for Practitioners: The subject of technology sometimes requires more than a simple update to the curriculum. When signs point to the need for a complete overhaul, this paper gives practical guidance supplemented with relevant literature for other academicians to follow. Recommendation for Researchers: Students are faced with increasing pressure to be proficient with the latest technology, in both the classroom where educators are trying to prepare them for the modern workplace, as well as the organization which faces an even greater pressure to leverage the latest technology. The newly designed introductory IS course provides students, and eventually organizations, a better measure of this proficiency. Future Research: Future research on the efficacy of this new course design should include longitudinal data to determine the impact on graduates, and eventually the assessment of those graduates’ performance in the workplace.

In the face of increasing resource insecurity, environmental degradation and climate change, more governments and businesses are now embracing the concept of the circular economy. This chapter presents some historical background to the concept, with particular attention paid to its assumed opposite, the 'linear' or growth economy. While the origins of the circular economy concept are to be found in 1960s environmentalism, the chapter draws attention to the influence of the then 'new' sciences of ecology and 'cybernetics' in shaping the public environmental discourse of the period. It also draws attention to the background of the present linear economy in postwar policies that encouraged reconstruction and a social and economic democratisation across the West, including an expansion of mass-consumption. It emphasises the role of the 1960s counterculture in generating a popular reaction against this expansionary growth-based agenda, and its influence in shaping subsequent environmentalism, including the 'metabolic' and ecological economic understanding of the environmental crisis that informs the concept of the circular economy. Reflecting upon this historical preamble, the chapter concludes that more attention should be paid to the economic, cultural and social contexts of consumption, now more clearly the main driver of our global environmental crisis. Without now engaging more directly with the 'consumption problem', the chapter argues, it seems unlikely that the goals of the circular economy can be met.

The literature from seventeenth century is full of references to providential wonders and miraculous events suggestive of the close proximity to the world of men and women not only of the deity but of the world of spirits. The writings and letters of Henry More, the Cambridge Platonist, provide many examples of this 'spiritualistic' providentialism. More considered that the great spiritual devotion and 'purity' of the faith healer had so refined his 'animal spirits' that they had become 'sanative' in their effects, and were able to pass through his hands to influence the 'animal spirits', and thus the bodily health of his patients. For More a Plotinian psychology provided the framework for the soul's 'return' to this primordial spiritual perfection, through a lengthy process of purification that he likened to a 'pilgrimage' or journey in his first major poem, Psychozoia.

Modern consumerism is based upon the individual's ongoing quest for an idealised good life, a better life promised through the enjoyment of the 'best' and 'latest' in consumer goods. This mental perfectionism requires the frequent upgrading of objects and environments and the abandonment of what seems old, imperfect or well used. Waste is thus continuously produced, and in ever larger volumes, to make way for the new. Waste-making on a global scale is supported by standard economics, government policy and business practice, which routinely externalise the environmental costs of this wasting of resources. Since the production of consumer goods now involves such limited responsibility for the waste that is generated, and the waste of over half the world's population is not formally managed or disposed of, much of this waste becomes pollution. This chapter argues that while governments and businesses need to play their part in creating a 'circular economy' where resources are more highly valued and waste is minimised, to 'unmake waste' on this scale requires designers to both understand how and why unnecessary waste is created in the first place. The purpose of 'unmaking waste' is thus to create products that are more durable, can be used for longer periods and can be remade, or turned into other products at the end of their lives. This reconfiguration of design and manufacturing will give material form to the circular economy, one where there is limited waste, and where every product can be safely reused or remade into another, and where all waste is understood as a 'misallocated' resource.

CASE DESCRIPTION Not yet over the death of her sister and business partner, Jean, Sarah finds herself faced with a difficult decision. She is waist deep in past due bills and late orders, sales increasing at a decreasing rate, a seven figure offer from an unidentified person, and a cousin and savvy marketer, Joann, wanting to help grow the business. Now she must decide what is best for the specialty soap making company. Time is ticking. Joann, Sarah's not so favorite cousin along with Jeff Summers, have both come to her with offers that will change the business, Mama Says Joann's ideas may serve to grow the business and bolster sales. Summers' clients' offer would remove all the business decisions from Sarah's shoulders and let her do what she likes to do best--create new soap designs. It is up to her to weigh the cost and benefits of both offers and start calling the shots. Therein lies the rue, calling the shots has never been a forte for Sarah, never. She is just not that kind of person. She is always strong in design and creativity, not in calling the shots. Students will be able to relate to Sarah on at least two levels: (1) They have been in a situation that requires them to make a serious decision with little to no guidance and (2) they know how it feels to have been betrayed by a close family member or friend and having to put their differences aside in order to reach a common goal. As business students, they will be able to tie this case into course work related to marketing and management classes, i.e., product life cycle, diffusion of innovations, business development, etc. The case presented here is based on a true business with fictitious characters. Though the plot isn't real, it allows insight to decision making that happens throughout small businesses encountering similar dilemmas every day. The difficulty of this case is at least a 3 as students will feel empathy for the main character, Sarah, because everything was going so well for her and her sister and their business, then her sister dies. Suddenly, Sarah has to move from her creative cocoon into business mode, and she is terrified. To make matters more intense, her cousin steps into the picture that she left many years earlier calling the business a potential failure. The blood pressure rises after yet another person, unidentified throughout the case, makes a very interesting offer for purchasing the business, and even suggests that Sarah can remain as a creative director. As students read through this case they will become more familiar with the Collegiate Licensing Company (Appendix A), Millennials (Appendix B), and actual costs of advertising associated with Mama Says Wash! (Appendix D). Her choices are to manage the place herself and risk losing the business, partnering with her cousin Joann, or selling the business to Summers' client. The offer really adds to the dilemma as it is enough money to get Sarah's attention and causes her to hesitate in going forward as the sole proprietor. CASE SYNOPSIS Although Jean is dead, she continues to impact decisions regarding the business she started when she decided to stay home and raise her son. Sarah, her sister, brought the creative design and energy to the soap business that makes it unique and desired by many college stores and boutiques. Throughout the duration of the business, Sarah's designs and imagination drive people to ask for the soap, Momma says, Wash! Sarah never really sees herself as an integral part of the total package that the small business, Momma says Wash! has become. She delights in getting to be creative, being left to her own devices and imagination, she is able to make the soap product so distinct that it commands attention and prestige pricing. She simply enjoys being creative. And, as long as Jean, her sister, managed each step of the business, Sarah could excel and profit at something she truly enjoys--creating and designing. …

CASE DESCRIPTIONParis, the Human Resource Director for the Alternate Treats, Inc. warehouse, has enjoyed a meteoric rise to her position and is looking forward to a promotion. Although she lacked human resources experience when she took this position, her Business Management degree provided the basic foundation knowledge and her hard work has earned the respect of the warehouse employees.Jacob is the warehouse manager who hired Paris. After a whirlwind courtship Jacob and Paris were married but vowed to keep their marriage a secret at work. Jacob has been selected to manage the new expansion in North Carolina and has told Paris that she will soon be announced as the Senior Human Resource Manager and together they will open and operate the new production facilities and warehouse.Renita has not been a very dependable employee and is renowned for the excuses she gives to explain her work-related deficiencies. She is very close to being terminated when she comes to Paris to file a sexual harassment complaint against a warehouse manager.Although Paris is shocked and outraged by the allegations, she is determined to conduct a complete and thorough investigation without interruption or bias due to personal feelings.The storyline of this case is absolutely false and in no way does it portray any real company.CASE SYNOPSISSexual harassment in the workplace is something that none of want to experience in any form, neither as a victim nor as a person responding to a complaint. Employers today typically require prevention training that includes making employees aware of behaviors that comprise sexual harassment. Sexual harassment policies should include mechanisms for both reporting and investigating sexual harassment complaints. Zero tolerance policies are commonplace for sexual harassment violations.As students read this case they will be exposed to an incident of sexual harassment in the workplace and are given access to additional information and statistics related to workplace sexual harassment in the Appendix.Students will be drawn into this case because it has several exciting components including a young and inexperienced human resource professional, an allegation of sexual harassment coming from an employee known for making outrageous claims, the relationship between the accused and the investigator, and an end to the case that is as sudden as it is surprising.Students should be able to put themselves in the role of Paris and decipher whether or not she made the right decision based on the information given.This case provides a basis for multiple end-case scenarios and provides the instructor the opportunity to engage students in a thorough examination of workplace sexual harassment.SEXUAL HARASSMENT: CAUGHT OFF GUARDDazedShe sat listless in her office. Her wildest nightmares did not prepare her for the emotions that were ripping her life apart like an EF5 tornado. "Never in a million years did I think this would happen," Paris said aloud as thoughts raced through her exhausted mind. The sealed envelope on her desk marked the end of what seemed to be a never ending investigation, but it had all transpired in the past few hours. Although she felt lost, hurt, and confused, she convinced herself that, from a business standpoint, she was doing the right thing.The PromotionTwo years ago, Paris was hired as the Human Resource director for Alternate Treats warehouse after their second relocation to Austin. She didn't have any experience in human resources, nor had she ever worked in a warehouse a day in her life.However, she was well equipped with a Bachelor of Business Administration in Management, a warm personality, and a desire to learn. The Operations Manager, Jacob, hired her right on the spot.In the beginning she wasn't taken very seriously. Some of the older employees thought she was too young and that she had gotten hired only because she was drop dead gorgeous. …