This paper examines the provision, structure and curriculum content of taught postgraduate (Masters' level) Air Transport Management degree programmes in the UK. In the academic year 2022-23, 14 UK Universities offered 19 different programmes. These programmes differed in terms of their duration, the fees that were charged, the delivery models, the content and the assessment regimes. In addition to examining the content and structure of the programmes, the paper conducts a SWOT analysis of the suite of degree programmes. While the inherent advantages of having a diversity of programmes for individuals, academic institutions and the air transport sector are recognised, it is suggested that prospective students and employers are cognisant of the differences between programmes to make informed decisions about their suitability and ability to meet personal career objectives and workplace planning requirements.

This paper aims to identify major crises that airlines have faced across multiple regions of the world simultaneously, and the responses to them. To comprehend the present status of the literature on this topic, relevant publications are reviewed. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the coverage of literature analysing airline responses to crises in academia has increased, with new literature emerging at a fast pace. To date, most of the literature that encompasses aviation has formed part of a wider study, usually on tourism, transportation, or hospitality. It normally analyses these fundamental issues generically from the perspectives of many organisations within these vast sectors, with little emphasis on airlines. However, there are only a few exceptions producing academic publications with airline crisis responses and resilience as their focus. This paper breaks down literature into different categories to appraise various types of crises, sourcing literature with a wide variety of methods, geographies, purposes and results. It finds little agreement in academia regarding the best way for an airline to respond to a crisis in a resilient manner. Nonetheless, the study finds that crises events act as a springboard for research into crisis response within the industry.

Austrian Airlines is a relatively small but important part of the Lufthansa Group, and is to some extent overshadowed by its much larger German owner, together with its higher profile Swiss International Airlines compatriot and neighbour. Even so, Austrian is not as small as the group's other network carrier member Brussels Airlines. The group's low-cost point-to-point carrier Eurowings is not closely considered in this paper as the primary focus here is on a network carrier analysis, with Austrian positioned as the main case study subject. In this regard, Austrian delivers a hub-and-spoke network out of Vienna International Airport (VIE) which both compliments and strengthens the overall group's scale, scope and density. Austrian contributes a substantial boost to the Lufthansa Group in Central and Eastern Europe, though this has been reduced as a result of the ongoing war in Ukraine, including Russian air space closure. Austrian's future prospects are closely aligned with events in Ukraine, with an end to the war likely to see the airline well positioned to resume services quite quickly to Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. The study here finds that Austrian Airlines clearly maintains a symbiotic relationship with its parent company, rather than a dependency on the wider group for its survival, though it would likely be a smaller airline if it was not part of the Lufthansa Group. They compliment each other.

Measuring and managing airline services cannot be easily achieved using the tools developed to measure brands in goods and most other services industries due to some unique characteristics of the airline industry. This paper seeks to explain airline branding, brand management, and brand measurement from the perspective of airline marketing professionals. The aim is to identify customer-based brand equity (CBBE) measures appropriate to the unique nature of the airline industry. Furthermore, we explore the dimensions that drive brand equity in the airline industry. The paper uses semi-structured expert interviews to collect data from senior marketing executives working for both full-service and low-cost carriers, in addition to airline branding/marketing consultants. The findings reveal the factors that drive airline customer-based brand equity (CBBE) as awareness, functional and technical service performance, credibility, differentiation, value, satisfaction, and loyalty. The research encapsulates the basic dimensions of brand equity advocated in the branding literature but also some measures which are new to the airline branding literature (functional and technical service performance, and credibility). These measures are critical for airline managers as they attempt to build equity in their respective brands. Therefore, this research offers researchers and practitioners a better understanding of brand equity measurement and of brand equity formation for airlines.

This paper investigates the key drivers of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction towards both, full-service and low-cost carriers and also towards, economy and premium cabins. Latent Semantic Analysis - a text mining and categorisation technique ─ is applied to analyse online user-generated airline reviews. Over five thousand passenger reviews for fifty (50) airlines were collected from the online review site, TripAdvisor. Findings show that there are fundamental differences in the drivers of passenger satisfaction depending on the class of air travel purchased, and whether the airline is a low cost or a full service carrier. Friendliness and helpfulness of staff are the key factors for those travelling in Economy Class, product value is key for those in premium cabins, and a low price is the key satisfaction driver for those that choose to travel on a low cost airline. The research also shows that the service attributes seat comfort and legroom, luggage/flight disruptions and staff behaviours are the main reasons for passengers’ dissatisfaction among all groups. This study provides an alternative customer satisfaction analysis for managers to hear the voice of their customers by using a well-established text mining technique and by analysing the reviews of satisfied and dissatisfied customers.

I INTRODUCTION Sometimes communities are unable get state or federal lawmakers deal with concerns communities face every day. For example, consumers have consistently expressed a desire for meaningful regulation of small dollar, high-cost loans, like payday and title loans, (1) but federal and state legislatures have not always moved toward meaningful regulation. (2) This inaction results from a number of factors, ranging from higher priorities for lawmakers huge lobbying donations legislative campaigns. (3) Regardless of the reasons for inaction, local communities have begun take matters into their own hands. (4) This article discusses the tools available local communities when state or federal lawmakers fail act on issues of community concern. It stems from an empirical study that we, a consumer law professor and a sociology professor who studies community action and social movements, recently completed. Our study sought determine what makes a local payday loan ordinance movement successful through detailed in-person interviews with community members who participated in successful local payday loan ordinance campaigns. Our goal was create a textured template for communities wishing stage a successful local movement on any subject. (5) We chose three broad geographic regions study, each for its diverse, social, political, and geographic natures: Silicon Valley of Northern California, greater metropolitan Dallas, Texas, and greater Salt Lake City, the home one of the Nation's first payday loan ordinances. (6) Over the past two decades, payday loan ordinances grew significantly in these three areas, consistent with a pattern across the nation as a whole. (7) Our work builds on two previous how to guides for individuals and organizations wishing address payday lending through local action, and provides a level of detail not found in the previous reports. (8) In this article, we share some of our study data in broad terms, directing the reader our longer paper, The Power of Community Action: Anti-Payday Loan Ordinances in Three Metropolitan Areas, for more details. (9) After discussing the law applicable local payday loan ordinances nationwide, we draw our examples from one geographical area--greater Dallas--focusing on Dallas itself and nearby Denton. Within this greater Dallas region, we focus here on the passage of just one type of ordinance, a regulatory-style ordinance as opposed the usual zoning-style ordinance. Dallas-style regulatory ordinances spread like wildfire following the passage of the Dallas ordinance and now there are thirty-six such local payday loan regulatory ordinances throughout Texas, covering over thirty-three percent of the state's population. (10) Payday lending is a good subject for local reform. (11) The harms of high-cost loans--often carrying interest rates of three hundred percent or more--are felt first in local communities, where people borrow primarily pay for day-to-day living expenses. Local governments are often more motivated fix problems like this than are states or the federal government, and are frequently more aware that these problems exist. We believe the local payday loan ordinance movement is part of two broader social movements. First, the Local Law Movement, which describes the phenomenon in which inactivity on the state and federal level has given rise local action. (12) Second, the New Fair Lending Movement, which draws participants from consumer and anti-poverty movements, but is distinct from each. (13) These movements reflect the unique values of the communities from which local laws emerge. For example, in Texas, the same local ordinance spread statewide, but that core ordinance still reflects the unique populist, highly religious culture of each of the local parts, perhaps in a way that is truly greater than the sum of the parts. II THE NATIONAL LAW OF LOCAL PAYDAY LOAN ORDINANCES As of the fall of 2016, nearly 160 local municipalities were working on limiting payday lending. …

Local ordinances that restrict payday lending constitute an important strategy in the overall attack on this problematic form of lending. In this report, made possible by the generous support of Silicon Valley Community Foundation, we describe and analyze campaigns in three locales that differ markedly in the opportunities and challenges faced by ordinance advocates. The locales are Santa Clara and San Mateo counties in California (“Silicon Valley”); Dallas, Denton, and Tarrant counties in Texas; and Salt Lake County in Utah. This report finds both commonalities and important variations among these campaigns. While there is no single recipe for a successful ordinance campaign, our comparative analysis suggests the following ten lessons for payday lending opponents and other advocates of social reform via local action.

Air cargo has received little attention in airport research. In this paper, 114 airports are grouped according to their cargo business characteristics. Applying a hierarchical cluster analysis, the paper uses absolute (cargo tonnage) and relative measures (share of cargo work load units, of freighter movements and of international cargo) to establish the reliance of different airport types and groupings on air cargo. Eight distinct clusters are identified which show clear differences in the characteristics of the sample with regard to cargo activities. Geographic patterns of these airports are also revealed. For example, North American and European airports are characterised by features unique to these regions. Airports that are highly dependent on air cargo tend to benefit from a central location within networks of cargo airlines, while other airports with high cargo volumes generate these as a result of significant belly-capacity of passenger operations. Understanding the heterogeneity of cargo airports is important for future benchmarking studies in this field.

Background: We assess whether a family history of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the odds that healthy family members’ engage in retirement planning activities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study utilizing individual-level data from the Utah Population Database that have been linked to Medicare records and to responses from a retirement planning survey. Engagement in 3 retirement planning activities was estimated as a function of the number of parents and grandparents diagnosed with AD along with a set of fundamental socioeconomic and demographic covariates. Results: Adults who had a parent with AD were 86% more likely to have seen a professional financial advisor and 40% less likely to plan to retire before age 65. Conclusions: Caregiving costs and/or knowledge of the familial risk of developing AD may provide adult children with a forewarning of their own future financial needs that, in turn, motivates them to engage in retirement planning.

Objective: Retirement confidence is a key social barometer. In this article, we examine how personal and parental health histories relate to working-age adults’ feelings of optimism or pessimism about their overall retirement prospects. Method: This study links survey data on retirement planning with information on respondents’ own health histories and those of their parents. The multivariate models control for the respondents’ socio-demographic and economic characteristics along with past retirement planning activities when estimating the relationships between family health histories and retirement confidence. Results: Retirement confidence is inversely related to parental history of cancer and cardiovascular disease but not to personal health history. In contrast, retirement confidence is positively associated with both parents being deceased. Discussion: As members of the public become increasingly aware of how genetics and other family factors affect intergenerational transmission of chronic diseases, it is likely that the link between family health histories and retirement confidence will intensify.

To date there has been little research in air transport into the eco-positioning of airlines, that is, their environmental image relative to other airlines and how actual environmental performance relates to this eco-positioning. This paper identifies the environmental perceptions that passengers hold of twelve airlines and relates these perceptions to airlines' actual environmental performance, using load factors, aircraft age and the atmosfair Airline index as proxies for environmental performance. Based on a survey of over 600 passengers at Liverpool John Lennon Airport, the research analyses air travellers' perception of airlines from an environmental perspective. The results show that while there are significant differences in people's environmental perception of airlines, the eco-positioning of the airlines is not correlated to their actual environmental performance. The results support previous research findings in other industries that in many cases actual performance is less important than communicating environmental messages to the public in creating a superior eco-positioning.

ObjectiveCancer diagnoses have significant consequences that extend beyond the individual to family members. Our research builds on prior research by examining how a family history of breast cancer is related to women's retirement preparations.MethodsTaking guidance from the stress process model, we generate and test hypotheses using multivariate logistic regression and unique data on retirement planning and familial cancer histories for 467 women. We supplement this analysis with the qualitative findings from two focus groups.ResultsWe find consistent evidence that women with a mother and/or sister who had a breast cancer diagnosis are significantly less likely to engage in retirement preparation activities than otherwise similar women with no family history. The same effect is not observed when other first-degree relatives have different cancer diagnoses. The face validity of these quantitative findings is confirmed by the focus group analysis.ConclusionsOur research suggests that the stressors experienced by close female relatives of women who have had breast cancer may lead to behaviors and attitudes that have consequences for their post-retirement quality of life. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Consumer movements are the organized actions of individuals in pursuit of greater equality in the relationship between buyers and sellers. While consumer movements rarely resort to revolutionary violence or even civil disobedience in pursuit of their goals, these movements are engaged in life and death issues, like the safety of food, drugs, and automobiles. Consumer movements, once confined to affluent countries like the United States and Sweden, are now found in formerly socialist countries like Poland and Russia and less developed nations like Nigeria and Bangladesh.

Subjective life expectancy is a powerful predictor of a variety of health and economic behaviors. This research expands upon the life expectancy literature by examining the influence of familial health histories. Using a genetic/environmental model, we hypothesize that individuals' assessments of their life expectancies will be linked to the health of first-degree and second-degree relatives, with same-sex relatives' health exercising a stronger effect than that of opposite-sex relatives. Multivariate analyses based on data from a 2009 survey merged with familial health records (N = 1,019) confirm that the health experiences of same-sex, first-degree relatives are linked to respondents' subjective life expectancy. The relationship between the health experiences of second-degree relatives and subjective life expectancy is much less pronounced. These findings have the potential not only to inform our understanding of health behaviors but also to encourage communication between patients and health professionals aimed at promoting preventative behaviors.

The Dodd‐Frank Act of 2010 brings nonbank payday lenders under federal regulation for the first time. The question of precisely how to regulate the payday loan industry creates a number of difficult challenges for the newly created Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ( CFPB ). Whereas most consumer advocates would prefer to ban or strictly limit high cost payday lending activity and address unfair/abusive lending practices, the CFPB must also be attentive to the impact of regulation on credit access for low‐wage, credit‐constrained payday borrowers. This article highlights the policy, legal, and institutional issues raised during the CFPB 's decision‐making process. The CFPB has the opportunity to dramatically shift the longstanding consumer protection paradigm in favor of real‐world protection of vulnerable borrowers and, thereby, to realize the hopes of the activists who helped to bring the Bureau into existence .

Environmental marketing has become important across a range of industries. Many organisations have adapted their marketing mix to address the changes in the market (Bonini and Oppenheim, 2008). For example, The Body Shop generates a powerful brand through the focus on environmental credentials (Curtin, 2007). Consumers also become more aware of the environmental impacts of consumption and show concern for the environmental damage this causes. They expect companies to be proactive rather than reactive when it comes to climate change, as Bonini and Oppenheim (2008, p. 56) state: “Consumers want to act green, but they expect businesses to lead the way.” This means that companies should focus on green marketing efforts that are attractive to consumers. This is beneficial for the companies, as more and more people prefer to purchase from companies that care for the environment (Kotler, 2011; Strategic Direction, 2013). Historically, services are seen as producing little environmental impact (Van der Zwan and Bhamra, 2003). However, Peattie (1995, p. 182) classifies transport as “dark-grey”, “high-impact” services which create significant environmental issues and achieve low sustainability. This is particularly true for air transport given its growth rate and contribution to carbon emissions. Yet, companies in the service industries such as transport organisations, can draw benefits from environmental claims in their marketing messages due to the intangible nature of services, which can help these companies to position themselves in the market (Chan et al., 2006).