A multi-agency, Canada-wide survey of influenza A viruses circulating in wild birds, coordinated by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, was begun in the summer of 2005. Cloacal swab specimens collected from young-of-year ducks were screened for the presence of influenza A nucleic acids by quantitative, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Specimens that produced positive results underwent further testing for H5 and H7 gene sequences and virus isolation. In addition to live bird sampling, dead bird surveillance based on RRT-PCR was also carried out in 2006 and 2007. The prevalence of influenza A viruses varied depending on species, region of the country, and the year of sampling, but generally ranged from 20% to 50%. All HA subtypes, with the exception of H14 and H15, and all NA subtypes were identified. The three most common HA subtypes were H3, H4, and H5, while N2, N6, and N8 were the three most common NA subtypes. H4N6, H3N2, and H3N8 were the three most common HA-NA combinations. The prevalence of H5 and H7 subtype viruses appears to have a cyclical nature.

There are two major challenges facing the global animation and visual effects industries and they are both particularly acute in the Far East, India and Pacific regions.

Creativity" is highly valued in modern societies and is used for market positioning in different sectors. Professional engineers and engineering educators correctly identify creativity as important elements of their work. Yet engineering may not be perceived by the public or prospective students to be particularly creative. The paper presents results from a survey of secondary school students. On average, and perhaps not surprisingly, they rated engineering as more creative than accountancy or medical practice, but less creative than architecture or music. Their comments reveal a range of useful perceptions. The paper identifies four dimensions of creativity and notes that each has a framework of expression critical evaluation. The paper suggests that a focus on creativity can be used to portray engineering accurately to prospective students, and that increased focus on creativity in the curriculum will be motivating to students and will also improve employment outcomes.

Article Free Access Share on Educating the digital artist for the entertainment industry (panel): the collision of academia and business Authors: Charles S. Swartz UCLA Extension UCLA ExtensionView Profile , Edwin E. Catmull Pixar PixarView Profile , Robin King Sheridan College Sheridan CollegeView Profile , Richard Weinberg University of Southern California University of Southern CaliforniaView Profile , Jane Veeder San Francisco State University San Francisco State UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '97: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesAugust 1997 Pages 456–458https://doi.org/10.1145/258734.258907Published:03 August 1997Publication History 1citation499DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads499Last 12 Months21Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

BARRON, DAVID W. M.D., F.F.A.R.C.S.; DUNDEE, JOHN W. M.D., Ph.D., F.F.A.R.C.S.; KING, ROBIN B.A., M.B., F.F.A.R.C.S. Author Information