An 18-mo-old Aberdeen Angus steer was unable to rise without assistance; and, when standing, the steer walked with flexed forelimbs. Due to the poor prognosis, it was euthanized and autopsied. Grossly, the cervical spinal cord was markedly enlarged at C5-C6 by a yellow, soft, well-demarcated nodule that affected ~70% of the parenchyma. Microscopically, the expansive, multinodular, unencapsulated neoplasm affected mostly the white matter and consisted of 2 distinct cell populations. Small, pleomorphic cells with scant cytoplasm predominated; nuclei were positive for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and cytoplasm was negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, compatible with oligodendrocytes. A second population of large round cells with abundant cytoplasm had positive cytoplasmic staining for S100 protein and synaptophysin (SYN), compatible with mature neurons. We diagnosed a spinal cord ganglioglioma in this steer based on histologic features and OLIG2 and SYN immunolabelling.

E. coli strain SC-UY1 was isolated from a case of fulminant neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay. The detailed chemical structure of its O-antigen polysaccharide (O-Ag) was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The polymer consists of linear pentasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: →2)-α-l-Fucp-(1→3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp2Ac-(1→3)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→, representing a novel polysaccharide structure. Sequencing of the chromosomal region located between the housekeeping genes galF and gnd, and its comparison with those of other E. coli strains revealed that this isolate belongs to the E. coli O20 O-genotype. However, the O-Ag structure elucidated herein differs from those previously reported for strains of this serogroup, which have been proposed to originate from a genomic region distinct from the canonical galF-gnd locus, implying that this gene cluster may not be functional. In contrast, the polysaccharide structure elucidated herein is fully consistent with the predicted functions of the genes encoded in the aforementioned chromosomal region, including the identity of the monosaccharide residues. These results demonstrate that the galF-gnd region is fully functional in strain SC-UY1, and that structural variability among the O-antigens of E. coli O20 isolates may underlie previously reported inconsistencies in the serological performance of the O20-specific antisera.

Enzootic calcinosis caused by Nierembergia spp. (Solanaceae) poisoning causes important economic losses for sheep and cattle production in South America. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of N. rivularis Miers, focusing on its morphological characteristics, biomass distribution, dry matter content, phenological cycle, floral biology, environmental growth preferences, and the presence of potentially toxic compounds. The results revealed that N. rivularis is a perennial, small-sized plant whose stems are modified into underground rhizomes. These subterranean structures feature nodes from which adventitious roots emerge, functioning as the primary mechanism for clonal asexual reproduction. Its white, pentamerous flowers display capitate trichomes in the corolla throat and a long, firm corolla tube that positions the corolla semi-parallel to the soil. Two insect species were observed interacting with flowers of N. rivularis, both during the spring season: Astylus quadrilineatus (Melyridae) and a small bee from the family Apidae, subfamily Apinae, tribe Tapinotaspidini. The plant exhibited a belowground biomass (rhizomes and roots) up to 15 times greater (dry weight based) than its aerial structures (leaves and flowers). The greater presence of N. rivularis in the fields was associated with high soil humidity, direct sunlight exposure, mixed soil texture, and low competition from rhizomatous species for underground space. Hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives were detected by HPLC in all structures of N. rivularis, suggesting this species' capacity to accumulate calcinogenic substances. Knowledge about the toxic compounds, morphology, biology, and phenology of N. rivularis will contribute towards the prevention and control of poisoning by this plant.

In Uruguay and other countries of southern South America, listeriosis in cattle has been described, often relying solely on histological lesions for diagnosis. This study aimed to: i) analyze a case-series of bovine listeriosis in Uruguay diagnosed through combined pathological and bacteriological methods and, ii) characterize the isolated Listeria strains. From 2014 to 2022, twelve cases were diagnosed. Eleven presented as neurolisteriosis, while one involved a third-trimester abortion. These events primarily occurred in spring (9 cases) and winter (3), affecting individual adult cattle (> 2 years old) on both beef and dairy farms. Interestingly, 5/12 cases (42%) had no prior history of silage feeding. Histopathological examination of neurolisteriosis cases revealed suppurative meningoencephalitis with brainstem microabscesses. The aborted fetus had hepatitis and necrosuppurative nephritis. Listeria was isolated from 11/12 cases: 8 L. monocytogenes and 3 non-hemolytic L. innocua. The identified L. monocytogenes serotypes were 4b (n = 6) and 1/2a (n = 2), which are commonly reported in humans and animals worldwide. Importantly, all L. monocytogenes isolates possessed the inlA gene, a key virulence factor, while none of the L. innocua isolates did. This study highlights the importance of Listeria isolation for characterizing circulating strains and gaining deeper insights into the agent and epidemiology of listeriosis in ruminants of South America.

ABSTRACT: Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Listeria, the neurological form being more common in ruminants. There are many reports of listeriosis in small ruminants in the region that includes Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. However, these diagnoses were mainly based on histological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) without the isolation and characterization of the involved Listeria strains. The aim of this study was to report sheep and goats listeriosis cases from 2016 to 2021 in northwestern Uruguay. The diagnosis was made according to lesions observed at histopathology, plus Listeria isolation in CNS, identifying it at specie and serotype level. Nine animals (n=9) of three outbreaks and five sporadic cases of listeriosis were studied. Sheep was the species with more cases in relation to goats, and adults were the category most affected. Cases occurred in spring and less frequently in winter. All presented neurological clinical signs and the lesions in the CNS were consistent with suppurative meningoencephalitis and micro-abscesses in the brainstem. In eight of nine CNS samples, Listeria strains were isolated (seven L. monocytogenes and one L. innocua). All the L. monocytogenes isolates carried the inlA gene; serotyping showed that four strains belonged to serotype 1/2b, two isolates belonged to serotype 4b, and one to serotype 1/2a. Considering that listeriosis is a common disease in this region and the fact that isolates are scarcely recovered from small ruminants, it would be important to emphasize the need for Listeria isolation to better characterize the strains that affect animals. Not only to improve knowledge about the epidemiology of disease but also with the objective of developing serotype specific vaccines for animal use.

desinteresada hacen posible la aparición de cada número de la revista y nos permiten trabajar en pos de los estándares de calidad a los que aspiramos.

Abstract Listeriosis is one of the most common nervous diseases in ruminants, and is caused almost exclusively by the Gram‐positive bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. However, there are few reports of listeriosis associated with L. innocua, which is genetically closely related to L. monocytogenes, but considered non‐pathogenic. In this work, we report two cases of suppurative meningoencephalitis in apparently previously healthy ruminants from different farms, in which two strains of L. innocua were recovered. The whole genomes from both isolates were sequenced, allowing phylogenetic analyses to be performed, which indicated that the two strains were very closely related. Virulence determinants were searched, especially genes coding for the main L. monocytogenes virulence factors which have been previously described in L. innocua. Surprisingly, the two isolates do not possess such virulence determinants. Instead, both strains carried a set of genes that encode for other virulence factors of the genus Listeria detected using the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB): iap (division and invasion of host cells), lpeA (entry into non‐professional phagocytes cells), fbpA (multifunctional virulence factor, including adherence to host cells), lspA (surface protein anchoring), lap (adhesion to enterocytes and trans epithelial translocation), pdgA (resistance to lysozyme), oatA (resistance to different antimicrobial compounds and also required for growth inside macrophages), lplA1 (use of host‐metabolites for in vivo growth), gtcA (catalyses teichoic acid of bacterial wall), prsA2 (cell invasion, vacuole lysis and intracellular growth), clpC, clpE and clpP (survival under several stress conditions). These genes among others detected, could be involved in the ability of L. innocua to produce damage in animal and human hosts. These results highlight the multifactorial profile of Listeria pathogenesis and the need for comprehensive scientific research that address microbiological, environmental and veterinary aspects of listeriosis.

The major surface protein 1a (MSP1a) gene has been used to characterize Anaplasma marginale genetic diversity. This pathogen causes significant productivity and economic losses to the cattle industry. The objective of the present study was to report the first characterization of A. marginale genetic diversity in Uruguay based on MSP1a genotypes and their putative relationship with Rhipicephalus microplus. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2016 and 2020. The study included whole blood samples from clinical cases of bovine anaplasmosis obtained from 30 outbreaks located in six Uruguay territorial departments. Diagnosis was performed using Giemsa-stained smears and confirmed by nested Polymerase Chance Reaction (nPCR) targeting the A. marginale major surface protein 5 gene. The genetic diversity of A. marginale strains was characterized by analyzing the microsatellite and tandem repeats of MSP1a. Based on the microsatellite structure, four genotypes were identified. Genotype E was the most prevalent. Analysis of MSP1a tandem repeats showed 28 different strains from the combination of 31 repeats, with τ-10-15 and α-β-β-β-Γ being the most common. Repeats Γ, β, α, and γ were associated with the absence of R. microplus with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Molecular observations showed that 46.7% of the strains identified in our samples lacked the ability to bind to tick cells; therefore, they were probably transmitted by other vectors. Strain genetic diversity provides valuable information for understanding the epidemiological behavior of A. marginale and could contribute to the development of effective vaccines for the control of this disease.

Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis cause important economic losses in livestock production. In Uruguay, the main aetiological agents of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. The aim of this work was to describe the outbreaks of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in northern Uruguay between 2016 and 2018. Convenience sampling was carried out. We worked with blood and organ samples from bovines with clinical signs and autopsy findings compatible with babesiosis and anaplasmosis. A total of 140 presumptive outbreaks were studied. Epidemiological information such as place, date of occurrence, age, number of sick and dead animals, clinical signs, autopsy findings, the presence of ticks and health management that involved injectables were registered. The diagnoses were carried out by blood and organ smears stained with Giemsa and confirmed by multiplex PCR. There were 83 (59.2%) positive outbreaks, comprising 35 (42.2%) A. marginale, 19 (22.9%) B. bigemina, 18 (21.7%) B. bovis and 11 (13.2%) mixed infections (Babesia spp. + A. marginale). Cows were the most commonly affected category. The clinical signs and autopsy findings with a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) were anaemia, pale mucous membranes, fever, jaundice, ataxia and aggressiveness, splenomegaly, and orange discolouration of the liver. Babesiosis had a seasonal occurrence, mainly in autumn, while anaplasmosis cases were recorded throughout the year. The use of injectable agents was associated with A. marginale transmission. This work contributes updated information about epidemiological and clinical patterns of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in northern Uruguay, which is important for implementing preventive measures and control.

Detection of bovine Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale is based on the reading of Giemsa-stained blood or organ smears, which can have low sensitivity. Our aim was to improve the detection of bovine Babesia spp. and A. marginale by validating a multiplex PCR (mPCR). We used 466 samples of blood and/or organs of animals with signs and presumptive autopsy findings of babesiosis or anaplasmosis. The primers in our mPCR amplified the rap-1a gene region of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, and the msp-5 region of A. marginale. We used a Bayesian model with a non-informative priori distribution for the prevalence estimate and informative priori distribution for estimation of sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity for smear detection of Babesia spp. were 68.6% and 99.1%, and for A. marginale 85.6% and 98.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for mPCR detection for Babesia spp. were 94.2% and 97.1%, and for A. marginale 95.2% and 92.7%, respectively. Our mPCR had good accuracy in detecting Babesia spp. and A. marginale, and would be a reliable test for veterinarians to choose the correct treatment for each agent.

ResumenLa fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos puede ser provocada por diversas causas, entre ellas, como consecuencia del daño que provoca Fasciola hepatica a nivel hepatocelular.La fotodermatitis de origen hepatógeno es uno de los signos clínicos que se puede observar en cuadros de fasciolasis crónica, debido en su capacidad de producir fibrosis hepática y colangitis con estasis biliar.El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir dos brotes de fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos en los departamentos de Tacuarembó y Soriano (Uruguay).La enfermedad afectó a un lote de vacas Hereford y cruza, y a un lote de vaquillonas cruzas.En ambos brotes los animales pastoreaban en campos forestales húmedos.Los principales signos clínicos observados fueron pérdida de peso, costras y peladuras en morro, fotofobia, sialorrea y corrimientos oculares.Se realizaron necropsias visualizando como hallazgos macroscópicos relevantes dermatitis necrótica bilateral de los párpados, úlceras en cara ventral de lengua.En hígado se observó engrosamiento de la cápsula de Glisson, fibrosis difusa y colangitis crónica con calcificación de los canalículos biliares.Al examen histopatológico se destacó como principal lesión, fibrosis hepática y obstrucción canalicular con presencia de Fasciola hepatica.En base a los signos clínicos, hallazgos macro y microscópicos, la fotosensibilización observada en los animales de ambos brotes estuvo directamente relacionada con las alteraciones hepáticas crónicas causadas por F. hepatica.

Acute leptospirosis is an infrequent disease in sheep that can cause jaundice, haemolysis, haemoglobinuria, hepatitis and nephritis. In most reports the diagnoses have been made by clinical, pathological or serological evidence without isolation or direct identification of the agent. Here, we report one confirmed and one presumptive outbreak of acute leptospirosis in suckling lambs from two unrelated sheep farms in Uruguay with mortalities of 9/60 (15%) and 9/163 (5.5%) lambs. Both outbreaks occurred in Sep-Oct 2017 after heavy rainfall and flooding events. The main gross and histologic pathological findings in two autopsied lambs, one from each farm, included severe diffuse jaundice, haemoglobinuria, acute necrotizing hepatitis with cholestasis and interstitial nephritis. Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona serovar Kennewicki was isolated from sheep in both flocks and the same genotype was identified directly in clinical samples from infected animals, including one of the deceased lambs subjected to autopsy, by amplification and partial sequencing of rrs and secY genes. This serovar has recently been identified in infected cattle and humans in Uruguay. The impact of Leptospira spp. infection in ovine health, and the epidemiologic role of sheep as reservoirs of leptospirosis for humans and animals need further investigation.

Pythiosis is a disease widely distributed worldwide caused by Pythium insidiosum. It is transmitted and propagated in semi-aquatic environments, mainly affecting equines, canines, felines, cattle and humans. In Paysandu County, Uruguay, in the month of May 2017, a case of pitiosis was registered in a 24-year-old Creole breed female equine. An extensive circular lesion located in the ventral abdominal area was surgically removed. Macroscopically, it was observed granulation tissue, multifocal areas of necrosis with suppurative hemorrhagic content and yellowish-white pasty to chalky concretions. At the histopathological examination with HE in superficial and deep dermisthere were severe proliferation of connective tissue, neovascularization, multifocal areas of necrosis surrounded by infiltration of polymorphonuclears, mainly eosinophils, and macrophages. Inside of the areas of necrosis there was presence of hyphae stained positively by the argentic Grocott stain. Positive immunostaining was obtained for P. insidiosum. In the culture of the fresh material, colonies of whitish color and radial growth were isolated with the development of aerial mycelia after 48 hours. The isolation of P. insidiosum was confirmed by the induction of zoospores and the characterization of them. The ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) was amplified by the nested PCR reaction and in a second reaction the gene specific for P. insidiosum from the ITS1 region was amplified. The sequence obtained was compared with that registered in GenBank confirming a 100% homology with P. insidiosum.

The aim of the study was to detect Listeria spp., particularly Listeria monocytogenes, in cattle and environment of pasture based dairy farms in Paysandu, Uruguay. A two-stage sampling was conducted, 10 farms were selected by probability proportional to size. A single visit was made to each farm. Samples from bovine faeces, feedstuffs, bulk tank milk, drinking water and soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour were collected for bacteriological studies. PCR assays were used to confirm species and determine the serotype profile of L. monocytogenes isolates. Ascl-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was done to genetically compare them. Listeria spp. were isolated from eight of ten dairy farms, whereas L. monocytogenes in three of them. Serotype distribution in L. monocytogenes was as follows: 1/2a, three isolates; 4b, one isolate. L. monocytogenes or L. innocua excreted from clinically healthy milking cows was detected via faeces. In feedstuffs, only one L. monocytogenes 1/2a isolate from a pasture was obtained. The strain was identical by PFGE to an isolate 1/2a obtained from a pool of milking cow feces that grazed on this farm. No isolation of Listeria spp. was retrieved from the bulk tank milk or drinking water from any of the farms. Listeria innocua was detected in 13 feedstuffs and seven samples of soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour. This is a first local study that confirms the presence of Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes in healthy cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms. These results suggest the potential role that healthy cattle and their sub-products would play as a source of these agents for humans and/or others animals. More detailed studies that include genetic comparison of human and animal isolates are required in order to clearly establish the epidemiological relationship.

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis with worldwide distribution. The causative agents are spirochete bacteria of the Leptospira genus, displaying huge diversity of serovars, the identity of which is critical for effective diagnosis and vaccination purposes. Among many other mammalian species, Leptospira infects cattle, eliciting acute signs in calves, and chronic disease in adult animals often leading to abortions. In South America, and including in Uruguay, beef and dairy export are leading sources of national income. Despite the importance of bovine health, food safety, and bovine-related dissemination of leptospirosis to humans, extremely limited information is available as to the identity of Leptospira species and serovars infecting cattle in Uruguay and the South American subcontinent. Here we report a multicentric 3-year study resulting in the isolation and detailed characterization of 40 strains of Leptospira spp. obtained from infected cattle. Combined serologic and molecular typing identified these isolates as L. interrogans serogroup Pomona serovar Kennewicki (20 strains), L. interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Canicola (1 strain), L. borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (10 strains) and L. noguchii (9 strains). The latter showed remarkable phenotypic and genetic variability, belonging to 6 distinct serogroups, including 3 that did not react with a large panel of reference serogrouping antisera. Approximately 20% of cattle sampled in the field were found to be shedding pathogenic Leptospira in their urine, uncovering a threat for public health that is being largely neglected. The two L. interrogans serovars that we isolated from cattle displayed identical genetic signatures to those of human isolates that had previously been obtained from leptospirosis patients. This report of local Leptospira strains shall improve diagnostic tools and the understanding of leptospirosis epidemiology in South America. These strains could also be used as new components within bacterin vaccines to protect against the pathogenic Leptospira strains that are actually circulating, a direct measure to reduce the risk of human leptospirosis.

The main objectives of this study were to determine the 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid (DHPA) content in Senecio grisebachii Baker (Compositae), to experimentally demonstrate its toxicity in calves and to describe the main clinical and pathological findings of this toxicity. S. grisebachii plants were collected in Paysandu, Uruguay. The concentration and identification of DHPA and associated N-oxides were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three calves weighing 85-89 kg received doses of 15, 24 or 45 g of dry S. grisebachii per kg of body weight for 6, 10 or 20 days of treatment, respectively. Two animals received no treatment and served as controls. The animals were clinically evaluated, and blood samples were taken to study the serum levels of gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (FAS). After death, necropsy was performed and organ samples were taken for histopathological examination. The concentration of DHPA in S. grisebachii was found to be 0.29% (dry weight basis) as free base and 0.08% as N-oxide for a total DHPA concentration of 0.37%. Individual alkaloids identified included seneciophylline, senecionine and retrorsine. The disease was clinically characterized by depression, anorexia, emaciation, colic, dehydration and death in the three animals. Serum concentrations of GGT, AST and FAS were higher than normal beginning on day 7 after start of treatments. Necropsy findings included generalized edema, hemorrhage, ascites and a grayish liver with increased consistency. The main histological lesions were hepatic necrosis, fibrosis, hepatomegalocytosis and bile duct proliferation. The control calves showed no clinical signs of disease. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A pastured 2-y-old cross-breed bull developed brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis); Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the brain. In the brainstem, there was perivascular cuffing, multiple microabscesses, and positive immunostaining for L. monocytogenes. Samples of bovine feces, water, feedstuffs, milking parlor soil, and bulk tank milk were collected from the dairy farm. Seven isolates of the genus Listeria were obtained, 6 of L. innocua and 1 of L. monocytogenes, which was found in the pasture where the bull grazed. Both isolates belonged to serotype 4b and were positive for internalins A, C, and J. According to the DNA fragment patterns of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the isolates were closely related. The source of infection was the pasture, implying that listeriosis should not be discounted in cases with compatible clinical signs but the absence of silage feeding.

espanolLa rangeliosis canina es una enfermedad causada por el protozoario Rangelia vitalii y transmitida por garrapatas. Afecta caninos domesticos y silvestres, provocando un cuadro de anemia hemolitica y trombocitopenia. En Uruguay ha sido reportada en los Departamentos de Artigas, Salto y Treinta y Tres. El presente trabajo describe un foco de rangeliosis canina en el litoral oeste del Uruguay, diagnosticado mediante estudios epidemiologicos, clinicos, hematologicos, anatomopatologicos y tecnicas moleculares (PCR/secuenciacion). El estudio se baso en 9 casos de perros raza Griffon Fauve de Bretagne provenientes de un predio rural proximo a Quebracho, Departamento de Paysandu. De los animales ocho murieron y uno respondio al tratamiento. Los principales signos clinicos fueron apatia, ictericia, fiebre, diarrea con sangre y sangrado por narinas y punta de orejas. Hematolo- gicamente se constato anemia, trombocitopenia y leucocitosis. Los hallazgos macroscopicos se caracterizaron por palidez, ictericia generalizada, esplenomegalia, linfoadenomegalia y hepatomegalia. Al examen histopatologico se destaco: nefritis intersticial con degeneracion y necrosis tubular, miocarditis, necrosis hepatica centrolobulillar. Congestion y edema pulmonar, linfoadenitis, y en bazo infiltrado inflamatorio difuso perivascular de tipo mononuclear. En diversos organos se visualizaron zoitos de R. vitalii intracitoplasmaticas en las celulas endoteliales. En algunos animales asi como en los caniles de los perros se constato presencia de Amblyomma aureolatum. De dos casos se extrajo ADN de sangre y mediante PCR se amplifico un fragmento del gen 18s ARN ribosomal de Piroplasmas. La secuencia obtenida fue comparada con secuencias registradas en el GenBank utilizando la herramienta BLAST. El resultado revelo una homologia entre 99-100% con R. vitalii. Englishliosis is a disease caused by the protozoan Rangelia vitalii and transmitted by ticks. It affects domestic and wild canines, causing hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. In Uruguay it has been reported in the following counties: Artigas, Salto and Treinta y Tres. The present study describes a canine rangeliosis outbreak in the northwest littoral of Uruguay, diagnosed by epidemiological, clinical, hematological, anatomopathological and molecular techniques (PCR / sequencing). The study was based on 9 cases of dogs, Fawn Brittany Griffon breed, used for hunting; from a farm near Quebracho, Paysandu County. Eight animals died and one responded to the treatment. The main clinical signs were apathy, jaundice, fever, bloody diarrhea and bleeding from nostrils and tips of the ears. The hematological findings were anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. Main macroscopic lesions were characterized by paleness, generalized jaundice, splenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. The principal histopathological lesions were interstitial nephritis with tubular degeneration and necrosis, myocarditis, centrolobulillar hepatic necrosis, edematous and congestive lung, lymphoadenitis and perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltration in spleen. In several organs were observed R. vitalii zoites inside the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. In some animals and as well as in dog kennels were present Amblyomma aureolatum. DNA was extracted from blood of two cases and a fragment of the 18s ribosomal RNA gene of Piroplasm was amplified by PCR. The sequence obtained was compared to the sequences registered in the GenBank using the BLAST tool. The result showed a homology between 99-100% with R. vitalii.

espanolCoenurosis es la enfermedad causada por Coenurus cerebralis, forma larvaria de Taenia multiceps. Afecta a rumiantes, equinos, suinos y humanos provocando sintomatologia nerviosa. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir un foco de coenurosis en bovinos en Uruguay, diagnosticado mediante estudios anatomopatologicos y tecnicas moleculares (PCR/secuenciacion). Se realizo la necropsia de dos vaquillonas Hereford (Caso A y B) de 2-3 anos que presentaban desmejoramiento progresivo, ataxia, torneo y desviacion de la cabeza. Macroscopicamente, se observo la presencia de una vesicula quistica en el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo del caso A, la cual se rompio espontaneamente al extraer el encefalo del craneo. En el caso B, se extrajo del hemisferio cerebral derecho una vesicula completa, de color transparente con escolices blanquecinos en su interior. Al examen histopatologico del sistema nervioso central se observo reaccion inflamatoria en el tejido adyacente a la ubicacion de los quistes constituida por macrofagos, eosinofilos, linfocitos y celulas gigantes. La vesicula del caso B fue diseccionada y se utilizo un trozo para la extraccion de ADN. Mediante PCR se amplifico un fragmento del gen nad1. La secuencia obtenida fue comparada con las secuencias registradas en el GenBank utilizando la herramienta BLAST. El resultado revelo una homologia de 99% con T. multiceps. Por lo tanto, este trabajo confirma que la coenurosis bovina se encuentra presente Uruguay EnglishCoenurosis is a disease caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps. Ruminants, equids, swine and even humans can be affected developing neurological symptoms. This work reports C. cerebralis infection diagnosed by macroscopic and histologic lesions and molecular tools (PCR/ sequencing) in two heifers in Uruguay. Two 2-3 years old Hereford heifers were necropsied (case A and B). Both animals presented progressive deterioration, ataxia, circling and head deviation. Grossly, in case A, a cystic vesicle protruding from the left hemisphere was observed. The vesicle was broken spontaneously while the encephalon was retrieved from the cranial cavity. On case B, the whole cystic vesicle was retrieved from the right hemisphere. Through the translucent wall´s vesicle was possible to visualize whitish scolices attached to the inner layer. Histopathology of the central nervous system revealed an inflammatory reaction on the cyst adjacent tissue, characterized by the presence of macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes and giant cells. The vesicle of case B was dissected and a small piece was used for DNA extraction. By PCR, a fragment of nad1 gene was amplified and sent for direct sequencing. The obtained sequence was compared with the available sequences registered on GenBank using the BLAST tool. The result revealed a 99% homology with sequences registered as T. multiceps. Therefore, this work confirmed that bovine coenurosis is present in Uruguay.