The Council on Social Work Education made significant changes in 2022 to integrate anti-racist practices in social work education.However, this change in the social work education accreditation standards still neglects the persistent harms of settler colonialism.The unintended consequence of neglecting settler colonialism is ongoing violence of gendered, heteronormative, and colonial power relations (Arvin et al., 2013) against Indigenous women and 2SQ people.This Indigenous research project seeks to call attention to harm that is perpetuated when the social work profession does not acknowledge settler colonial logics.A reimagining of the discipline's values is needed by re-centering Indigenous knowledge to create more ethical spaces for future generations that align with anti-oppressive social work practice (Clarke, 2016;Lee & Ferrer, 2014).The research applies the concept of 'slow violence' (Nixon, 2011;Anderson et al., 2018) to microaggressions to mark how the discipline's logics of conquest and settler complicity sustain field and classroom experiences that wittingly or unwittingly condone violence against Indigenous people.This qualitative study on microaggressions centers Kovach's (2010) conversational method, Archibald (2008) and Clarke's (2016) storywork and talking circles with Native women.Native participants in this research included college students, practitioners, and parents, all of whom work as professionals in higher education, social work, K-12 school environments or tribal-related affairs.Two major findings emerged in the data, killing Indigenous futures, and witnessing other Native Women and 2SQ people's storywork as resistance.These findings are discussed as a pathway to pursue liberatory framings for future generations.
This article begins by identifying common frameworks of decolonial and postcolonial approaches while considering the current scholarship's limitations of engagement with those approaches. We believe there is a need to interrupt (neo)colonizing approaches to decoloniality, that is, the limitations of the master's tools. Rather, we offer a mediation that critiques the centering of the colonial. In doing so, we weave into this analysis a series of narratives that beckon us back prior to the decolonial/postcolonial turn and beyond postcolonial and decolonial feminist thought—allowing for a precolonial knowing and telling to emerge. Through these tellings, we define and acknowledge spaces of meaning and traditions.
In 2008 EPAS Standards on Engaging Diversity and Difference in Practice (2.1.4) added intersectionality (a theory developed by feminist of color) as one aspect to understand diversity, difference, and power in social work curriculum. We consider how intersectionality is omitted in graduate student learning even when class assignments center discussions and theorizations on power. This qualitative study explores student narratives and corresponding metaphorical drawings on power within an assignment charting their role as social workers. The research emerges from data where authors noted omissions of race, class, and sexuality in discussions on professional power. This inquiry is guided by critical feminisms. Constant comparative methods were used in this study and two themes emerged: policing resources and a pretense of harmlessness.
N early half of the 20 million new sexually transmitted infections a year are among young people ages 15 to 24 years old. 1 Youth of color are the most disproportionately affected, having a higher case rate than white youth. 2 It is important that health professionals obtain the most current information about the sexual behaviors, knowledge, and perceptions of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth if they are to work toward reducing the rise of sexually transmitted diseases and sexually transmitted infections (STD/STIs) among them.Sexually transmitted diseases and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, affect youth and young adults in increasing numbers and continue to represent a serious health concern in tribal communities.Researchers Lori de Ravello, Scott Tulloch, and Melanie Taylor argue that STD rates among AI/AN youth are among the highest in the country. 3 In part, these rates, similar to other diseases found among people of color, are driven by a number of social determinants of health such as poverty, social discrimination, distrust of health care institutions, and unemployment. 4AI/AN youth are at particular risk and are disproportionately impacted given historic underfunding of health care and the health care disparities experienced in tribal communities. 5 The STD/STI data in the literature that follows may reflect misreporting due to missing information, misclassification, and poor reporting systems for AI/AN.
This study explored an underserved population, Native American youth, regarding health communication about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. Determining communication patterns of these youth, who markedly differ from the general population on access to health facilities and information, will inform public policy about lessening Native youth STI and HIV/AIDs morbidity, potentially leading to a reduction in health and human costs associated with these illnesses. Using information channel complementarity theory, this study examined sexual health information use by rural and urban Native American youth. Semistructured interviews in a community-participatory based research approach (CPBR) facilitated understanding these youth in their cultural contexts. Findings showed they preferred pamphlets as their sexual health information source. They trusted interpersonal more than mediated sources, yet noted a lack of confidentiality from health officials. Although knowledgeable about types of STIs and HIV/AIDS, participants did not demonstrate knowledge about symptoms and treatments and exhibited a false awareness of self-knowledge. They showed a strong sense of community, interested in helping younger people in health prevention. They engaged in sexual behaviors, frequently along with alcohol and drugs. Rural females associated alcohol with sex and violence more than rural males, although this was not found among urban females or males.
The study of ways that professional power is perceived in social work practice is limited. This exploratory qualitative study analyzes second-year MSW students' perceptions of professional power in social work practice. This inquiry is guided by social constructivism and symbolic interactionism perspectives. The authors used constant comparison methods to analyze documents (student papers on professional power). Two emergent themes, operationalizing power and conceptualizing professional power, are presented. The importance of understanding and taking responsibility for power dynamics endemic to social work relationships is discussed.
This study explores how professional Indigenous women respond to the presentation of survey data on sexual assault in a conference setting. Sexual assault survey data presented within the context of colonization can provide a platform for Indigenous women to speak out. This study centers the voices of Indigenous women as central for understanding issues of prevalence. Indigenous women are situated in difficult intersections because solidarity to stand united against ongoing colonial influences with fellow community members and engage decolonization efforts often come at a high cost of keeping silent about their victimization. Understanding the unique position Indigenous women occupy is critical to understanding the dynamics surrounding speaking out and seeking justice for survivors after sexual assault.
The purpose of this study was to unpack notions of class, culture, and race as they relate to multidisciplinary team (MDT) professionals and their perceptions of prevalence in child sexual abuse cases in Native and non-Native rural Alaska communities. Power and privilege within professional settings is significant for all social work professionals and influences the ways in which systemic issues of power and privilege mediate decision making. Fifteen MDT participants from two separate rural communities were interviewed. Emergent themes include perceptions on incidences and reporting of child sexual abuse, cultural dissonance, and systemic challenges. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
This study explores fathering among self identified Native American men who have been identified as father or father figure to children involved in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. This research study highlights United States policies and their effects on Native American families particularly fathers. In addition, Native American fathers in this study reported that "being there" for their child was important and described how the manifestation of being there ranged from traditional to contemporary models of fathering. The article concludes with a discussion of specific issues that are important when working with Native fathers that may be of interest to social workers and social service practitioners.
Native women in the United States have the highest incidence of sexual assault, and Alaska Native women may have the highest incidence of sexual assault of any women in the United States. Few mental health or legal supports or remedies exist for them, in spite of their grave need. Few therapists are trained to work with Native American women. This article outlines the plight of Native women with regard to sexual assault and abuse and provides an overview of the sensitivity and knowledge that social workers and other mental health workers should have when working with Native American women.
She still hears the whispered and anxious voices of her three children at night ... always blaming herself for what her boyfriend did to them. All of them had significant physical damage to their vaginal and rectal areas from her alcoholic boyfriend who was molesting each of them on a regular basis--the same boyfriend who beat her within an inch of her life. She remains haunted by how the state system viewed her ... another Native mother who was absent ... separated from her children when they were taken into state custody and later brought in alone to tell their story to federal investigators working in their rural reservation community. They took her children away but never inquired or investigated the domestic violence. She was hospitalized at the time with broken ribs and internal injuries to her organs; she told the medical provider they were the result of being mugged by a tourist visiting her community--a community that is economically barren and largely unaware of the child sexual abuse and domestic violence that she and her three children were experiencing. It is a community she feels now perhaps didn't know how to respond. (1) ACCORDING TO A REPORT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, AMERICAN Indians and Crime (Greenfield and Smith, 1999), rates of violent victimization were higher for Native women than for all other groups in the United States. Natives are more likely to be victims of crime than are any other group in the United States. People of a different race committed 70% of violent victimizations against Natives. The report also notes the rate of violent crime experienced by Native women between 1992 and 1996 was nearly 50% higher than that reported by African American males, long known to experience very high rates of violent victimization. According to the Department of Justice, 70% of sexual assaults of Native women are never reported, which suggests that the number of violent victimizations of Native women is actually higher (Ibid.). The purpose of this article is to explore issues relevant to understanding the current high rates of violence against Native women in North America. Based on a review of the literature, the historical context of the Native experience is presented and we identified four factors that contribute to high rates of violence against Native women. The current tribal community context is also discussed and five factors that may contribute to high rates of violence against Native women are identified. Next, we present the results of a roundtable discussion with Native women on violence against women. Implications for research and practice that address the needs of Native women and Native peoples are discussed. A Community Readiness model is also introduced as a potential tool for working with tribal communities to address violence against Native women. Violence and Native Americans A brief discussion on violence and Native Americans as well as a more specific discussion on Native women will set the foundation for discussing violence against Native women. The Department of Justice report mentioned above was a compilation and new analysis of data on violent crime among American Indians. In that report, Native Americans were found to be twice as likely to be the victims of crime than is the case for any other group of U.S. residents (Ibid.). Beyond highlighting the incidence of violence among Native Americans, the report showed that nearly 70% of the violent victimizations (rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault and simple assault) experienced by Native Americans were perpetrated by persons not of the same ethnic group. This represents a substantially higher rate of interracial violence than is experienced by Anglo or African American victims (Ibid.). While crime rates for Natives were highest in urban areas, the crime rate against Natives in rural communities is more than twice the rate of violence for rural Anglos. There are fewer law enforcement officers in tribal communities than in other rural areas and nationwide there is less law enforcement per capita in tribal communities. …