OBJECTIVES:To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial and to explore preliminary effects of individualized homoeopathic medicines (IHMs) compared with placebo in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD). TRIAL DESIGN:A double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled pilot feasibility trial with equal allocation to IHMs or placebo. METHODS:Adults with clinically and radiologically confirmed TMJD were randomized to receive IHMs or matched placebo for 3 months. Participants, investigators, outcome assessors, and statisticians were blinded to allocation. The primary clinical outcome was the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), which was assessed monthly. Secondary outcomes included the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and qualitative assessment of pre-post cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, adherence, blinding, and safety. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance was used for exploratory analysis. RESULTS:Sixty participants were randomized, with a retention rate of 91.7% and high intervention adherence (>80% in 91.7% of participants). No statistically significant intergroup difference was observed for overall GCPS scores (F = 2.151, p = 0.126). JFLS-20 scores showed a statistically significant group-by-time interaction (F = 3.642, p = 0.033). No significant differences were observed for PHQ-4 scores. Qualitative CBCT assessments demonstrated a statistically significant difference between groups (χ2 = 13.404, p = 0.001); these findings are exploratory and should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSION:This pilot study demonstrates that the study is feasible; however, methodological challenges and potential confounding factors require careful consideration and additional safeguards before undertaking future definitive trials.Trial Identifier:Clinical Trials Registry of India, CTRI/2023/05/052919, registered on May 19, 2023.

Abstract Homoeopathic Materia Medica is one of the essential groundworks in homoeopathic practice, which comprises the detailed dynamic action of homoeopathic medicines gathered through human proving and its brief description of origin, along with the clinical experiences and toxicological information. Homoeopathic treatment promotes an individualistic approach toward the patient, as a whole, based on the law of similar, and is widely utilized in the AYUSH healthcare system. Despite being clinically significant, it is confronted with several constraints due to its nature of application in the form of small globules and its way of correlation of subjective symptoms with the enormous literature of Materia Medica and limited scientific explanation in today’s era of modern science. This narrative review evaluates the strengths and limitations of Homoeopathic Materia Medica and emphasizes on its digital transformation along with the integration of artificial intelligence to improve its clinical utility, scientific validity, and compatibility with contemporary healthcare frameworks.

Objective:Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) imposes a significant burden on individuals and the healthcare system, particularly in densely populated urban slums. In the context of rising antibiotic resistance driven by widespread self-medication and over-the-counter drug use, understanding care-seeking behavior in resource-constrained settings is essential for effective resource management and equitable public health interventions. This study examined healthcare utilization patterns among residents of an urban slum in Delhi experiencing AUFI. Methods:This prospective longitudinal cohort study assessed healthcare utilization patterns for AUFI using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire over 18 months. The outcome measures were the type of healthcare facility accessed and the medical discipline consulted by individuals with AUFI episodes. Results:A total of 1,497 individuals were included, with 1,278 AUFI episodes recorded. Government hospitals were the most utilized (64.8%), followed by self-medication (18.9%), while private facilities had minimal use. Allopathy was the predominant medical discipline (84.7%), followed by homeopathy (6.9%), Unani (2.7%), Ayurveda (2.2%), and other unclassified practices (3.5%). Age and sex did not significantly influence healthcare choices, whereas socioeconomic status significantly affected the choice of medical discipline. The socioeconomic status was the key determinant of care-seeking behavior; while age, sex, and duration of symptoms had no significant influence. Conclusion:Government hospitals and allopathic treatment were the primary choices, followed by self-medication. Socioeconomic status emerged as a key determinant of care-seeking behavior.

BACKGROUND:Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by erythema, warmth, swelling, and pain. It commonly follows disruption of skin integrity and may progress to ulceration. Leg ulcers are chronic or acute breaches in skin continuity of the lower limb, frequently associated with infection, inflammation, delayed healing, and significant morbidity. When cellulitis complicates a leg ulcer, the risk of tissue damage and prolonged recovery increases. Although antibiotics constitute standard management, integrative approaches are increasingly explored to support wound healing and reduce complications. CASE PRESENTATION:A female patient presented with a painful ulcer on the left lower leg that had evolved from a pimple-like lesion. Clinical examination revealed diffuse erythema, oedema, warmth, tenderness, and ulceration consistent with cellulitis. No systemic complications were noted at presentation. An individualized homoeopathic treatment strategy was adopted based on clinical assessment. Pyrogenium, Calendula officinalis, and Myristica sebifera were prescribed sequentially according to symptom evolution. Supportive management included antiseptic wound cleansing, maintenance of dryness, and topical application of C. officinalis ointment. Serial photographic documentation was performed to monitor progression. RESULTS:Progressive reduction in pain, inflammation, and ulcer dimensions was observed during follow-up, with satisfactory wound healing and no reported adverse events. Causality assessment using the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) yielded a positive attribution score, suggesting a possible relationship between the intervention and clinical improvement. CONCLUSION:This case highlights favourable clinical evolution of lower leg ulcer with cellulitis managed with individualized homoeopathy alongside wound care, warranting further controlled investigation.

Background:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global health challenge, accounting for nearly 74% of deaths worldwide, with the highest burden in low- and middle-income countries. In India, 66% of total deaths are attributed to NCDs, reflecting a rapid epidemiological transition and a dual burden of disease. To address this, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010, integrating Ayush systems (Homeopathy along with Yoga) to strengthen prevention and early management in 2015. Objectives:To determine the presence and distribution of NCDs through opportunistic screening and to describe their clinico-epidemiological profile and correlates under the NPCDCS-Ayush Integration Project. Methods:A cross-sectional opportunistic screening was conducted from 2015 to 2021 across four districts of India under the NPCDCS-Ayush integration initiative implemented by the Central Council for Research in Homeopathy. Standardized NPCDCS screening tools were used to collect sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to assess NCD prevalence and associated risk factors. Results:A considerable proportion of the screened population (55.3%) was found to be affected by one or more NCDs, particularly hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The most common diagnoses were HTN (39.2%), high-normal/pre-HTN (20.9%), pre-diabetes (9.4%), and diabetes (5.4%). A higher burden of NCDs was observed among middle-aged and elderly individuals, with significant associations noted with physical inactivity, tobacco use, and unhealthy dietary habits. The integration of Ayush services enhanced community participation and facilitated early detection of NCDs, highlighting their potential to strengthen population-based screening and preventive strategies. Conclusion:The study highlights the growing burden of NCDs and demonstrates that Ayush-integrated opportunistic screening is a feasible approach for early detection within India's national NCD control framework. Integration of Ayush services may improve community reach and acceptability, facilitating timely identification of both disease and pre-disease states, and highlighting the need to strengthen community-based screening and targeted health promotion, to reduce long-term NCD burden.

Background: In the present climate change scenario, the rising temperatures are imposing severe threat to blackgram production leading to marked reduction in yield potential.The reduction in the yield potential is mainly due to reproductive failures caused by heat stress. Keeping this in view, the present study was carried out to find out the reasons behind reproductive failures and identify the genotypes that yield better under heat stress. Methods: Thirty blackgram genotypes selected from temperature induction response technique were evaluated for reproductive efficiency under natural high temperature conditions. Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Bapatla. Dry matter partitioning, reproductive efficiency and yield traits were recorded at flowering and the data were analyzed statistically and pooled. Result: Genetic variability was observed among the blackgram genotypes with respect to dry matter partitioning, reproductive efficiency and yield traits under high temperature stress conditions. Among the 30 genotypes tested for thermotolerance, the genotypes TBG-129, PU-1804 and LBG-1015 were found to withstand high temperature stress at reproductive stage by possessing higher dry matter, number of flowers per plant, pollen viability, pollen germination percentage, pollen load on stigma, stigma receptivity, flower to pod setting percentage and higher yield. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association of total dry matter and all the reproductive efficiency characteristics with seed yield under heat stress conditions. The PCA results revealed considerable variability among the traits accounting for 86.6% of total variability. The genotypes TBG-129, PU-1804 and LBG-1015 can be potentially used as donors in the breeding programmes for the development of heat tolerant genotypes.

Urolithiasis, a condition characterized by the formation of urinary tract calculi, affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a significant burden on countries like South Africa, where dietary and genetic factors majorly contribute to its prevalence, regardless of gender or age. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of Berberis vulgaris(B.vulgaris), a plant traditionally used in homeopathy and folk medicine across various regions, including South Asia, Europe, North Africa, and parts of South Africa. The bioactive compounds in B.vulgaris, particularly berberine, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting key lithogenic processes involved in stone formation, such as nucleation and aggregation. Furthermore, this plant enhances membrane integrity, reduces hyperoxaluria, and interacts with proteins involved in stone formation, offering a multifaceted approach to treating urolithiasis. This review underscores the natural, economic, and therapeutic benefits of B. vulgaris in addressing urolithiasis, supported by well-documented studies into its phytochemical composition, potential toxicity and clinical applications.

Background: Dyslipidaemia, the derangement of one or many of the lipoproteins is a major cause of cardiovascular events, causing 2.6 million deaths per year globally. Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of individualised homoeopathic medicines with lifestyle modification in the management of dyslipidaemia. Materials and Methods: This multicentric, open-label, randomised controlled exploratory trial was conducted at seven study sites under the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy. Participants fulfilling the eligibility criteria were enrolled. The primary outcome was to evaluate changes in Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol at months 3 and 6. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein at months 3 and 6. Results: All pre-determined study outcomes followed the intention-to-treat approach. 217 patients (Individualised Homoeopathy (IH) along with lifestyle modification (IH plus therapeutic lifestyle changes [TLC]) n = 107; Placebo along with TLC (n = 110) were enrolled and analysed. Independent t-test at month 6 showed a statistically significant reduction in LDL (mean difference ± standard error: 7.03 ± 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.5–13.5; p = 0.03) favouring IH over placebo. Improvement in secondary outcomes; reduction in total cholesterol (p > 0.05) and triglycerides (p > 0.05) was greater in the IH group but was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Associated symptoms such as rheumatological and neurological complaints also improved in the IH group. Frequently prescribed medicines were Lycopodium, Sulphur, and Calcarea carbonica. Conclusion: IH along with lifestyle modification was found to play a potential role in reducing the LDL cholesterol and in the management of dyslipidaemia. Further blinded studies in different settings and long-term follow-up are warranted.

Urolithiasis, or kidney stones, has emerged as a significant public health concern. Despite this, effective treatments targeting stone formation and recurrence are limited. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying the condition. Investigating these molecular aspects can address existing gaps in treatment options. Future research can uncover new therapeutic strategies by targeting downstream pathways, and effector molecules. Cell signaling pathways offer potential targets, as they involve complex interactions that can be modulated to address multiple clinical symptoms. An imbalance in calcium and oxalate levels can lead to kidney stone formation which is characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. The interplay between key organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria triggers stress pathways, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. This review consolidates recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology and signaling events associated with kidney stones.

AbstractBell's palsy is a peripheral facial nerve palsy of unknown etiology and is the most common cause of one-sided facial nerve palsy (70%). Although this condition is self-limiting, long-term effects are also reported. Reversibility of nerve function depends on the health of both the facial nerve (if intact) and the facial muscles. We present here two cases of Bell's palsy graded III and II on the House–Brackmann facial nerve grading system treated with individualized homeopathic medicine with substantial improvement. Homeopathic medicines Sepia and Lachesis were used to treat these cases in a personalized and tailored manner as per the homeopathic principles. Possible causal attribution of changes was assessed by the modified Naranjo criteria. The case report is valuable to the profession for providing evidence of the successful treatment of neurological disorders such as facial nerve palsy.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, especially in Stage III/IV unresectable disease. In India, it predominantly affects women from the North and Northeast, with survival rarely exceeding 6–9 months despite standard care. Homeopathy, widely practiced across India, has shown potential in improving quality of life (QOL) and survival in various cancers when used adjunctively, but evidence in GBC remains scarce. This single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial will recruit 30 patients with unresectable GBC at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Regional Cancer Center, Agartala. All participants will be randomized (1:1) to receive either the institutional management protocol (IMP) plus individualized homeopathic medicines or IMP plus placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome is overall survival, assessed monthly over 12 months. Secondary outcomes include tumor response (revised RECIST), QOL (FACT-G questionnaire), performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale), and adverse events (CTCAE v5.0). Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. As a pilot trial, the results will emphasize the feasibility, recruitment, adherence, safety, and preliminary efficacy data of adjunctive homeopathic medicines. This study will explore the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines as an adjunct to standard care in unresectable GBC. Findings may provide a foundation for larger, definitive randomized controlled trials evaluating homeopathy in advanced GBC management. CTRI/2025/02/080420.

Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy of homeopathic treatments for Acute Otitis Media (AOM) in children, comparing outcomes to standard allopathic treatments. Building on promising pilot study results that suggested homeopathy's non-inferiority, this multicenter trial aims to validate these findings and assess their broader clinical applicability. Method: This open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted on children (aged 02 to 12 years), suffering from acute otitis media. Primary outcome was changes in Acute Otitis Media-Severity of Symptoms (AOM-SOS) scale and Tympanic Membrane Examination scale (TMES) over 21 days and time to improvement in pain through FPS-R (Facial Pain Scale-Revised) over 10 days. The secondary outcomes were the need for antibiotics during acute AOM and the recurrence over 12 months. Results: Intention to treat analysis was carried out on 222 children; Homeopathy(n=116)(H-group), Allopathy(n=106) (A-group). Statistically significant reduction in AOM-SOS+TMES score in H-group compared to A-group was observed at time point day 3 (mean diff.±sd: 1.67±0.47; 95% CI: 0.75 to 2.59; p=0.001), at day 7 (mean diff.±sd: 1.22±0.56; 95% CI: 0.13 to 2.31, p=0.028) favored homeopathy. However, the median time for FPS-R score to become zero by day 10 (H= 3 days, A= 4 days) was statistically insignificant (p=0.29). None of the children in the H group required antibiotics whereas it was required in 14 children(12.4%) in A group . Conclusion: Homeopathic treatment helped in managing acute otitis media in children similar to that of Allopathic treatment. Homeopathy can be a safe treatment approach in managing in this condition. Further blinded studies are warranted.

A field experiment was conducted at College farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University during summer, 2022 and 2023 to study the impact of high temperature stress on photosynthetic pigments, dry matter partitioning and yield of blackgram genotypes at pod formation stage. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with two replications. Among the thirty blackgram genotypes screened for their tolerance to high temperature stress at pod formation stage, the genotype, TBG-129, LBG-1015 and PU-1804 were found to withstand high temperature stress and maintain higher total chlorophyll content, carotenoids content, dry matter partitioning and higher seed yield per plant indicating tolerance to high temperature stress. These blackgram genotypes can be further used as donors in the pulse breeding program for development of heat resilent varieties.

Background and objectives: Acute encephalitis syndrome is a health burden to a populous country like India. It is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, altered sensorium with or without seizures, irritability, abnormal behaviour, or unconsciousness. This study aims to augment further evidence on the effects of add-on homeopathic treatment in reducing mortality and morbidity in children. Methods: This comparative retrospective study included children hospitalized with acute encephalitis syndrome between July 2016 to December 2016. We compared the parameters of children for whom decisions on Glasgow Outcome scale and Liverpool outcome score aided by add-on homeopathy against those of children from the same year when the add-on homeopathy was not used. All the children were on conventional supportive care and treatment tailored to each child. We also counted the days until the resumption of oral feeding and the length of hospital stay. Results: Ordinal regression analysis on analyses on 622 children (IH +CSC=329; IMP only=293) was done. Odds of a shift towards increased recovery were superior in the homeopathy-added group than in the IMP group without adjustment (crude OR 2·30, 95% CI 1·66 to 3·20; p=0·0001) and with adjustment (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 2·38 to 4.81; p=0·0001). There was 14.8% less mortality and 17.4% more recovery in the add-on homeopathy group compared to CSC alone. Individualized homeopathic remedies commonly used were: Belladonna (n =238), Stramonium (n =17), Opium (n = 14), Sulphur (n=11) and Hyoscyamus niger (n = 7). Conclusion : This retrospective cohort study advocates for add-on homoeopathy in children suffering acute encephalitis which can produce notable improvements in terms of mortality and morbidity. Further studies in different settings are warranted.

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD), incited by a geminivirus. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), is transmitted by whiteflies, poses a significant threat to various leguminous crops in India. This study focuses on identifying resistant sources and validating molecular markers for their efficacy in detecting YMV resistance in blackgram. In the present study, 150 blackgram genotypes were evaluated to identify resistant sources for YMD under natural field conditions and through molecular markers. Among the 150 genotypes, 22 (both resistant and susceptible) were selected based on field screening. These genotypes were validated using 15 molecular markers, including 8 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 7 gene-specific markers linked to MYMV resistance. The markers amplified a total of 48 alleles, with polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.82 (CEDG67) to 0.21 (HSP), with an average value of 0.55. The highest PIC values were exhibited by markers CEDG67 (0.82), CEDG115 (0.81), and CEDG20 (0.74). Cluster analysis using DARWIN revealed that most phenotypically resistant genotypes grouped together, while susceptible genotypes formed separate clusters. The genotypes LBG 904, LBG 932, LBG 884, PU 1815, PU 1808, PU 1803, MASH 1008, MASH 114, VBN 10, and PU 31 exhibited resistance to YMV phenotypically. Among these, LBG 904, LBG 932, PU 1815, PU 31, and MASH 1008 produced a 162 bp resistant allele using the marker CEDG180. Similarly, the gene-specific marker DEF produced a 190 bp resistant allele in all the resistant genotypes, whereas the susceptible genotypes produced both 190 and 250 bp alleles. These identified genotypes can serve as valuable sources for MYMV resistance in blackgram breeding programs. Keywords: SSR markers, Blackgram, Diversity, MYMV

Salinity affects rice growth and development. Mostly all growth stages from germination to maturity are affected by the salinity. Among all the stages, seedling and reproductive stages are the most sensitive stages to salinity, which results in considerable yield losses. Development of salt tolerant varieties is most feasible approach for improving the production of rice in salt affected soils as seedling stage is necessary for better crop improvement. Overall 76 rice germplasm lines were evaluated at RARS, Maruteru, West Godavari, A.P during Kharif 2020 for salinity tolerance at seedling stage. The different parameters like root length, shoot length, shoot Na+ content, shoot K+ content, Na+/K+ content and SIS (salt injury score) at 10th and 16th day were studied under hydroponics subjecting to electrical conductivity of 6 and 12 dSm-1, at a pH of 5.0. Salinity scoring during seedling stage was noted as per the modified standard evaluation score (SES) of IRRI, revealed that four genotypes FL478, MTU1290, MTU1061 and MCM109 as tolerant, 23 genotypes as moderately tolerant, 42 were susceptible and remaining seven genotypes namely BPT2848, BPT3140, Hallabhatta, MTU1271, MTU1121, BPT2846 and Krishnahamsa are highly susceptible. The phenotypic study signified that Na+/K+ ratio is the key note for salinity tolerance.

The study was conducted at Department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural College, Bapatla in Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University. The results of the histo-chemical staining revealed that the genotypes TBG-129, PU-1804 and TBG-104 showed lesser free radical accumulation on the surface of the leaves indicating tolerance to high temperatures. The protein profile as evidenced by SDS page analysis indicated distinct expression of band between 23-30 KDa protein in tolerant genotypes such as TBG-129, PU-1804, LBG-995, PU-31, TBG-104, TBG-141, LBG-1004, LBG-1015 and LBG-996. Moreover, the band between 23-30 KDa was denser in TBG-129 and PU-1804. This expression of protein might be an indicative feature of thermotolerance.

Background: Blackgram is one of the important short duration pulse crop which is sensitive to high temperatures. The rising global temperatures are threatening the yield of blackgram by altering the physiological processes at cellular level. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried out for better understanding of genotypic variability and the physiological mechanisms governing heat stress tolerance which can help in identifying heat tolerant blackgram genotypes that can yield better under climate change scenarios. Methods: Thirty blackgram genotypes selected from temperature induction response technique were evaluated for physiological efficiency under natural high temperature conditions during summer, 2022 and 2023. Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Agricultural College, Bapatla. Physiological and yield parameters were recorded at flowering and the data were analyzed statistically and pooled. Result: Significant genetic variability was observed among the blackgram genotypes with respect to all the physiological traits under high temperature stress conditions. Among the 30 genotypes tested for thermotolerance, the genotypes TBG-129, PU-1804, LBG-1015, PU-31 and TBG-104 were found to withstand high temperature stress at reproductive stage by maintaining higher total chlorophyll, carotenoids, chlorophyll stability index, total biomass production, cooler canopies resulting into higher canopy temperature depression, less membrane injury index values and higher yield. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation for all the physiological traits with seed yield except membrane injury index under heat stress conditions. The PCA results revealed considerable variability among the traits accounting for 82.65% of total variability. The genotypes TBG-129, PU-1804, LBG-1015 and TBG-104 can be potentially used as donors in the breeding programmes for the development of heat tolerant genotypes.

The current study was carried out to identify salt tolerant genotypes by screening 76 rice germplasm at reproductive stage salinity stress. The test entries were subjected to salt stress under field conditions and salinity was noted at different intervals of crop growth period i.e., 30 and 67 days after sowing and at the time of harvesting with the pH value of 5.4 and electrical conductivity of 4.3 dSm-1, 5.3 dSm-1and 7.2 dSm-1 respectively. The characters namely, salinity score, days to 50 percent flowering, plant height, panicle length, productive tillers/plant, number of filled grains/panicle, total number of grains/panicle, spikelet fertility and grain yield/plant were studied under saline conditions. Variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean showed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for grain yield plant-1indicating the presence of considerable amount of variation among the genotypes for potential yield improvement through selection. The trait grain yield per plant had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating that it is regulated by additive gene action and therefore selection could be practiced based on phenotypic performance. Association studies under saline conditions, revealed favorable and significant correlation of grain yield per plant with days to 50% flowering, panicle length, plant height, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and productive tillers per plant whereas, spikelet fertility and plant height on the other hand, recorded negative non-significant correlation, indicating the undesirable causes of salinity on plant growth and yield potential.

Nephrolithiasis often known as urolithiasis or kidney stone disease, is a painful and recurring condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a major public health concern owing to its rising prevalence, which is influenced by factors such as geography, diet, lifestyle, and gender. Traditional therapeutic approaches do exist; however, they are not completely efficient in preventing recurrence. Nanotechnology introduces a paradigm shift in kidney stone management by enabling the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for kidney stone management through improved therapy and diagnostic tools. This review delves into the various metal, carbon, silica, selenium, and polymer-based NPs for their application in the field of urolithiasis. However, continued research is needed to implement and improve nanoparticle-based therapies and imaging techniques which can overcome the current limitations, and ensure safe and efficient applications in the field of urolithiasis.