There are various barriers associated with successful reentry into society for individuals released from prison. Reuniting with family members, rehabilitation efforts, employment, and housing are just some examples of obstacles individuals face when released into the community. Additionally, the costs stemming from the number of people incarcerated, length of stay in prison, racial disparities, and the mental status of offenders create an increased risk for post-release readjustment complications. This chapter focuses on what we call the Pentagonal Post-Release Risk Assessment Framework, or the 5 Rs, which include consideration for risk association of recidivism, reunification, rehabilitation, reintegration, and racism. For individuals released back into the community, it is imperative to consider the 5 Rs. Neglecting one or more of the 5 Rs may perpetuate a cycle of reoffending.

Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making (JFSB) continues to function as a major problem for fire service and law enforcement personnel. JFSB has garnered significant forensic psychological attention and awareness, as recent figures suggest its prevalence poses a major public safety threat. That is, the increased rates of JFSB have shown a disturbing rise in costs attached to it (e.g., deaths, property damage, and public safety responses). In terms of the clinical and forensic psychological issues involved with JFSB, one of the advanced topics is the way that risk assessments (e.g., criminogenic risks, needs rehabilitative issues, and identify culturally responsive interventions) are used within the context of responding to these cases. In this case, the risk assessment adds critical information in terms of how public safety personnel may respond to these cases in an evidence-based way. From a clinical psychological intervention perspective, the idea of the malleability of JFSB behavior later becomes an important factor while considering the application of evidence-based interventions. This chapter introduces the advanced and emerging forensic trends in working with JFSB. Next, the focus shifts to forensic risk factors and predictors of psychopathological behavior. Then, there is a review of the myths, misdiagnoses, and missed psychiatric diagnoses with JFSBs. This section is followed by a discussion of the development of assessment tools that are specifically designed for working with this clinical forensic population. There are an examination of a sample of interventions and treatment options for JFSB. Finally, conclusions, Implications for clinical forensic psychological practice and research are highlighted.

This chapter aims to do everything in interlinked pairs; it presents two models for working with behavior change and psychotherapy: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and prosocial. It targets two populations, both inmates and staff. Psychotherapy and behavior change is challenging, especially if a client is coerced to attend. ACT is a third wave behavior therapy model, which emphasizes building clients' ability to find a personal purpose. ACT builds these using techniques targeting present moment focus, acceptance, and new perspectives on thoughts to cope with barriers to values based action in an interlinked model that fosters psychological flexibility. The model is built in a reciprocal relationship with a basic research approach to human language and cognition that is briefly covered in the chapter. Making the therapeutic alliance to incarcerated populations, ACT is delivered from a perspective of compassion and equality. For staff in forensic settings, ACT is also part of prosocial – a model for getting groups to work more effectively together prosocial and ACT has been used in multiple organizational settings with good results.

Public safety in the 21st century is contingent upon perceived legitimacy, confidence in accountability, crosscultural credibility/competence, and desired responses by the ethnoracial stakeholders whose perceptions of police are filtered by racially traumatizing incidents.Growing evidence reveals that past and present police violations of core relational tenets fuel both ethnoracial anxieties and criticism of public safety procedures.Globally, law enforcement personnel are charged to practice within a culturally responsive, research-based framework.Such a structure must reflect a psychohistorical understanding of the contextual nature of relationships between police and ethnoracial communities.Effective solutions hinge on acknowledging residual psychological damage from previous policing strategies, plus full inclusion of communities through structured dialogue.In this article, I present a psychocultural portrait of police and racial trauma cases, and review factors that perpetuate discriminatory and invalid police procedures that continue the racial trauma cycle.I assess the prevalence of racial trauma and healing using a prism of police misconduct reports over decades, then provide an ethnoracial critique of the psychological assessment processes used for police hiring and retention.I offer interventions as a foundation for facilitating restorative healing while revitalizing trust within diverse communities.I conclude with implications of this approach for practice, policy, and future research on police and racial trauma.

For many decades, the majority of the world has had to deal with acts of terrorism. Whether a terrorist act is perpetrated on domestic or foreign soil, incarceration of suspected and convicted terrorists is an important issue. At times, the incarceration is temporary while awaiting trial, and at other times, incarceration is the sentence. Special considerations must be attended to with this population, such as where to incarcerate them, the risk of radicalization of other inmates, and rehabilitation. This entry explores these and other aspects of incarcerating terrorists. Keywords: criminal justice; police; policy; prison; psychopathology; race and ethnicity; racism; terrorism

When compared with African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans, Asian are often attributed more positive attributions from the dominant culture. The developed stereotype, Myth of the Model Minority (MMM), suggests Asian Americans achieve a higher degree of success than the general population. Under the internalized assumption of being psychologically trouble free, the MMM stereotype contributes to Asians being less inclined to proactively engage in help seeking behavior despite the presence of severe mental health concerns. Psychocultural examples relating to Asian Americans (e.g., Virginia Tech Shooter case) are reviewed to form a clinical and forensic psychological framework that offers a challenge as to why the MMM is problematic in higher education. The myths related to MMM and the experiences—positive or negative—of MMM are analyzed to encourage subsequent empirically-based applications for addressing MMM as well as serving as a caveat against using monocausal explanations or other thumbnail assessments of Asian American behavior in higher education.

Internationally, research on juvenile fire setting and bomb making creates an empirically based rationale that supports at least two intervention practices. First, there is a forensic mental health justification for remaining attentive to the recurring public safety risks attached to these high profile cases. Second, there is a post-risk assessment preference for using culturally responsive family therapy within a JFSB context. Largely, JFSB does not occur in isolation from the family. The author argues that post-risk assessment family issues must be addressed as a means to mitigate recidivism. The major purpose of this article four-fold when it comes to exploring the current research literature and reviewing risk assessment methods. First, the articles discuss the prevalence of the JFSB problem and referral matters. Second, the article stresses the necessity for forensic mental health adaptations to be made during family therapy with respect to JFSB cases. Third, ethical and legal issues are examined along with culturally responsive post-risk assessment family therapy specific to JFSB. Finally, conclusions, implications for practice, research, training, and supervision are discussed.

Internationally, burns stemming from Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making (JFSB) represent a major healthcare problem as signaled by traumatic deaths and injuries sustained by youth involved in these unfortunate incidents. While JFSB incidents may occur with greater frequency in non-rural locales, emerging evidence shows that the clinical forensic issues secondary to these burn cases can be surprisingly more complex in rural settings. The treatment challenges that rural areas have are fueled by a limited availability of mental health emergency resources. Further compounding it, the treatment professionals accessible to families often have insufficient experience or qualifications for competently managing the traumatic issues presented by combined JFSB/Burn Survivor (BS-JFSB) cases. This chapter aims to demonstrate how trauma-focused approaches can be integrated into existing clinical forensic practices in rural settings. The treatment requires altering how the concerns presented by these BS-JFSB children are addressed within a risk assessment paradigm.

Internationally, burns stemming from Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making (JFSB) represent a major healthcare problem as signaled by traumatic deaths and injuries sustained by youth involved in these unfortunate incidents. While JFSB incidents may occur with greater frequency in non-rural locales, emerging evidence shows that the clinical forensic issues secondary to these burn cases can be surprisingly more complex in rural settings. The treatment challenges that rural areas have are fueled by a limited availability of mental health emergency resources. Further compounding it, the treatment professionals accessible to families often have insufficient experience or qualifications for competently managing the traumatic issues presented by combined JFSB/Burn Survivor (BS-JFSB) cases. This chapter aims to demonstrate how trauma-focused approaches can be integrated into existing clinical forensic practices in rural settings. The treatment requires altering how the concerns presented by these BS-JFSB children are addressed within a risk assessment paradigm.

The purpose of this chapter is to explore issues related to gang-affiliated youth's use of JFSB behavior as a weapon. Too often, the critical analysis of JFSB is circumscribed to the act with little or no consideration of a clinical forensic weapons use motivation. In this case, successful efforts to identify and isolate the origins of such events are more contingent upon a deeper understanding of the subtle processes that explain this particular kind of weapons use by juvenile gang members.

Schools theoretically operate under a shared value of fairness in the workplace. The fairness includes a notable sense of egalitarian beliefs, values, and people who hold themselves out to be unprejudiced. When defensible and culturally responsive justice measures are applied in schools of education, leadership in Schools of Education must consistently demonstrate clear and convincing evidence of fairness. The chapter is an analysis of aversive or unconscious racism and in the ways that it might manifest itself through individuals in leadership positions. Evaluating the impact of the institutional racism. In the analysis of forensic psychological perspective, ways of using a forensic psychological approach to assess the stakeholders in the School of Education as it pertains to the experience of racism will be discussed. A forensic psychological portrait of racism in schools of education is examined. Finally, implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.

In 2012, a team of US air marshals forced a Delta Airlines overseas flight to return and evacuate because two passengers were thought to be working as a terrorist team, which proved to be false after investigation. This incident plus two other on-plane psychological meltdowns of in-flight personnel are alarming reminders of the snap decisions that are currently made without much guidance to inform such threat assessments. Preflight security measures have addressed many of the post-9/11 threats of terrorism. Nonetheless, successful and thwarted acts of terrorism and reconnaissance response probes have fueled a growing need for homeland security, military and public safety personnel's reflexive instincts to engage, 'what if' as a guiding principle in threat assessments. There is an elusive nexus between timely intelligence gathering, acts of terror and understanding the mindset of a terrorist. An internalized homeland security decision-making approach to 'think like a terrorist' is instructive in coming up with actionable information for many contraterrorism efforts. This article raises several issues related to the mindset of a terrorist. Such mindset is reviewed from two traditional theoretical frameworks (that is, criminological and psychological theories). The article also explores the applicability of these theories to public safety from a risk assessment perspective. The article concludes with implications for public safety research, practice and training.