Previous geodynamic models of continental collision show that the behavior of the continental lithosphere is strongly influenced by its rheology. We build on previous work by quantitatively investigating with numerical experiments the influence of the pressure dependence of viscosity on the process of tectonic deformation during collision. The models demonstrate how the inclusion of viscosity pressure dependence can quite substantially alter the style of continental mantle lithosphere deformation. At low activation volumes, high convergence rates, and low to moderate initial Moho temperatures, the subduction style of mantle lithosphere deformation is dominant. Increasing the activation volume of mantle material allows the subduction style of deformation to occur at all convergence rates studied in the experiments, at the expense of the subduction‐drip and ablative‐drip styles of deformation. At low activation volumes, high convergence rates, and high initial Moho temperatures, the distributed pure shear style of deformation occurs. With these same conditions, increasing the activation volume of mantle material produces an ablative subduction style of mantle lithosphere deformation. At low activation volumes, low convergence rate, and moderate to high initial Moho temperatures, the mantle lithosphere prefers a convective removal style of deformation; increasing the activation volume here yields an ablative‐drip and distributed pure shear styles of deformation. The results demonstrate that inclusion of the pressure dependence of viscosity—quite often neglected in lithosphere‐scale geodynamic models—can be significant in modulating deformation of the deforming lithosphere.

[1] In the paper “Influence of sediment deposition on deep lithospheric tectonics” by R. Gray and R. N. Pysklywec (Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L11312, doi:10.1029/2012GL051947, 2012), the sentence in paragraph 5 that begins with “An empirical law for relief-dependent erosion rate...” should be changed to “An empirical law for relief-dependent erosion rate, E, in tectonically active regions [Montgomery and Brandon, 2002] is used and applied to the entire width of the model domain: E = E∘ + , where is a rate constant, Rc=1500 m is limiting relief, E∘= 0.01 is the background erosion rate due to weathering, and R is mean local relief.” [2] The surface and bottom temperatures of the numerical experiments shown in Figure 1 should be changed to “20°C” and “1520°C,” respectively. [3] Figure 2 does not show the second invariant of the deviatoric strain rate tensor (). It shows filled contours of the logarithm of shear strain rate (log). As a result, the first sentence of the caption to Figure 2 should be changed to “Shear strain rate (log) in numerical experiments RUN1 and RUN2.” [6] The sentence in the “Model materials” section of the auxiliary material that begins with “The frictional plastic rheology of the lower crust...” and the following two sentences should be changed to “The frictional plastic rheology of the mantle lithosphere is permitted to soften by implementing a linear decrease in plastic yield stress with accumulated strain, . Through this strain-softening mechanism, the plastic yield stress of the mantle lithosphere is reduced from 300 to 50MPa through the strain range . We introduce this as an arbitrary mechanism of strain softening in the mantle lithosphere [e.g., Jin et al., 1996].” [7] The sentence in the “Model materials” section of the auxiliary material that begins with “We set the rate of crustal radioactive heat production...” should be changed to “We set the rate of crustal radioactive heat production (RHP) at 2.0 [Beaumont et al., 2004]. [8] The last sentence in the “Model materials” section of the auxiliary material should be changed to “Consequently, because the heat flow into the base of the mantle lithosphere was fixed at 20, the thickness of the thermal lithosphere was adjusted accordingly, whereas the thickness of the compositional mantle lithosphere was kept constant at 91.2km.”

Previous geodynamic models of continental collision show that the behavior of the lithosphere can be strongly influenced by the presence of surface erosion. That said, absent from these investigations are the effects of sediment deposition. We quantitatively investigate this process using thermal-mechanical numerical experiments of the coupled processes of tectonic deformation and crustal mass flux. The models demonstrate that the inclusion of the effects of sediment deposition can change the style of deformation of the crust and consequently, the evolution of the underlying deforming mantle lithosphere. In the absence of sediment deposition, the early stages of collision are accommodated by subduction of lower crust and mantle lithosphere along a discrete shear zone beneath the overriding plate. Following this initial stage of subduction, the subducting lower crust and mantle lithosphere retreat from the collision zone, permitting the sub-lithospheric mantle to upwell and come into contact with the thickened upper crust. When sediment deposition is imposed subduction-like consumption of the subducting plate remains stable. The presence of sediment deposition introduces a negative V-y-component in the overriding plate in the area adjacent to the collisional zone. The negative V-y-component leads to a greater degree of coupling between the colliding continental plates and decoupling of the overriding upper crust and lower crust/mantle lithosphere. The results demonstrate the first quantitative insights into the feedback between surface deposition and tectonics. Citation: Gray, R., and R. N. Pysklywec (2012), Influence of sediment deposition on deep lithospheric tectonics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11312, doi:10.1029/2012GL051947.

The behavior of deep lithospheric processes in continental collision are frequently speculated on, but poorly understood. In this study we build on previous work to explore the styles of continental lithosphere deformation during mature collision where ∼1800 km of convergence has been accommodated by horizontal shortening. We conducted a suite of numerical geodynamic experiments that test the sensitivity of mature continent collision to varying mantle lithosphere density, mantle lithosphere yield stress, lower crustal strength and to the presence of phase change‐related density changes in the lower crust (i.e., eclogitization of mafic lower crust). The models suggest that the early stages of collision are accommodated by subduction of lower crust and mantle lithosphere along a discrete shear zone beneath the overriding plate. Following this initial stage of subduction, the subducting lower crust and mantle lithosphere can retreat from the collision zone, permitting the sub‐lithospheric mantle to upwell and intrude the overriding plate. As a result, the lower crust and mantle lithosphere of the overriding plate delaminate from the overlying crust. With local isostatic adjustment, subduction‐ and delamination‐driven crustal processes plateau‐like uplift occurs. The sub‐crustal evolution also causes bands of syn‐convergent crustal extension to develop. In models with a rheologically weaker lower crust, surface crustal response to the deep lithosphere dynamics becomes more diffuse. As an example, the numerical experiments satisfy a number of surface observables of the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen, namely: (1) the current general mantle lithosphere architecture as defined by seismic analyses; (2) the long‐wavelength plateau uplift of the western Tibetan Plateau; (3) the surface heat flow measurements in India, the Tethyan Himalaya, Qiangtang and in Qaidam basin; and (4) the anomalous syn‐convergent extension in the southern portion of the orogen.

Both male-to-female transsexuals and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients are treated with androgen-suppressing drugs that have emasculating effects. Additionally, transsexuals take estrogenic compounds to feminize their bodies. We explore the quality of life of these populations, based on interviews with 12 individuals from each group. Overall, the transsexuals had a better psychological response to chemical castration than the PCa patients. The transsexuals showed more enthusiasm about the changes in their life; they viewed their lives as beginning anew, accepted their reduced libido, and were more comfortable with their increased emotionality. Different responses in the two groups are not surprising given that they undergo androgen deprivation under very different medical contexts. However, the fact that the transwomen are able to conceptualize the effects as positive suggests that some androgen-deprived PCa patients may benefit from reconceptualizing their changes within a positive framework. Additionally, difference in the two populations may be attributed, in part, to the fact that the transsexuals take supplemental estrogen. Circumstantial evidence suggests that estrogen in androgen-deprived males may improve sleep quality, help retain sexual interest, and protect cognitive function. This suggests that PCa patients may benefit from using estradiol for androgen suppression.

Journal of Men's HealthVol. 7, No. 3 ISMH Congress 2010 AbstractsMasculinities and college men's depressions: Recursive relationshipsISMH World Congress 2010 Abstract 038John L. Oliffe, Mary T. Kelly, Joy L. Johnson, Joan L. Bottorff, Ross E. Gray, John S. Ogrodniczuk, and Paul M. GaldasJohn L. OliffeUniversity of British Columbia, School of Nursing, Vancouver, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, Mary T. KellyUniversity of British Columbia, School of Nursing, Vancouver, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, Joy L. JohnsonUniversity of British Columbia, School of Nursing, Vancouver, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, Joan L. BottorffUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan, Faculty of Health and Social Development, Kelowna, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, Ross E. GrayToronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Psychosocial and Behavioural Research Unit, Toronto, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, John S. OgrodniczukUniversity of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Vancouver, Canada)Search for more papers by this author, and Paul M. GaldasUniversity of British Columbia, School of Nursing, Vancouver, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:18 Nov 2013https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.039AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Masculinities and college men's depressions: Recursive relationships." Journal of Men's Health, 7(3), p. 293FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 7Issue 3Oct 2010 InformationWPMH GmbHTo cite this article:John L. Oliffe, Mary T. Kelly, Joy L. Johnson, Joan L. Bottorff, Ross E. Gray, John S. Ogrodniczuk, and Paul M. Galdas.Masculinities and college men's depressions: Recursive relationships.Journal of Men's Health.Oct 2010.293-293.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.039Published in Volume: 7 Issue 3: November 18, 2013PDF download

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess sexual function among patients with clinically localized prostate cancer referred for radiotherapy and to prospectively evaluate the effect of radiotherapy on sexual function, using the Brief Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI). Materials and methods A descriptive study, approved by the local research ethics committee, was prospectively conducted. At baseline, patients were asked to complete a self-administered BSFI, along with other questionnaires describing their clinical condition. Patients with normal erection at baseline were asked to complete a follow-up BSFI at 6, 12, and 24 months postradiotherapy. The collected data was analyzed using the SAS software. Results The study accrued a total of 117 eligible patients. The mean age was 66 years. Forty-two patients (35.9%) were considered to have erectile dysfunction (ED) at baseline. They were older and more likely on one or more medications affecting potency, compared with those with normal erectile function. They had a consistently lower mean score for all the five domains of BSFI and considered sexual activity less important. Of the 75 patients reporting normal erectile function at baseline, 61 completed a follow-up BSFI questionnaire. Among the 61 patients, 52 underwent radiotherapy with external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy. Mean scores for all the BSFI domains declined after radiotherapy, suggesting that radiotherapy adversely affected not only erectile function but also other aspects of sexual function including sexual drive and ejaculation. Conclusion Among the patients with clinically localized prostate cancer referred for radiotherapy, sexual dysfunction was prevalent with 35.9% reporting ED at presentation. Radiotherapy adversely affected all aspects of sexual function.

Depression is a significant problem among college men. This qualitative study examines the interplay between masculinities and depression among Canadian-based college men who self-identified or were formally diagnosed with depression. The resulting three themes mind matters, stalled intimacy and lethargic discontent reveal the recursive relationships between masculinities and depression whereby depression quashed men's aspirations for embodying masculine ideals, with depression potentially triggered by self-doubt and concerns about harbouring a faulty masculinity. Key findings include participants' juxtaposing their private negative self-talk with attempts to pass as self-assured in public; anxieties about neediness and vulnerability negating their efforts to initiate or maintain an intimate relationship; and ruptured ideologies about a mind body dualism whereby severe depression negatively impacted physical wellbeing.

Objective: Close interpersonal relationships play a crucial role in a woman's adjustment to breast cancer. To date, the literature has focused primarily on characteristics or behaviors of the well spouse that influence a woman's adaptation to the illness. The present qualitative investigation extended this literature by adopting an interactional perspective based on the underlying assumption that relationship partners' coping and distress is mutually influential. The focus of the analysis was patient and partner perceptions of relationship strife or tension over the course of the illness based on the notion that such interactions may be as or more harmful to relationships than supportive exchanges are helpful.

that is both lively and thought provoking, that would be of interest to either a novice or to an experienced arts or health practitioner, particularly to those working in the field of mental health. The book is full of sensible argument and bristles with case studies. That it fails to address all the ephemeral concerns of this particular reader is probably not the most important point. That it lays its material out logically, is easy to read and is very informative should be of much more overriding importance. I can therefore give this book a strong recommendation, and given the lack of books that cover this field in general, this is a welcome addition to any book list that I will create and I would encourage everyone to pop out to their library and order it today.

Critical approaches within health psychology continue to explore new methods of working and new theoretical ideas from other disciplines. One area that remains under-explored is the potential links with the arts. This special issue contains a selection of empirical and theoretical reports on the linkages between health psychology and the arts. It includes arts and health projects in clinical, community and educational contexts; projects with young and old people, projects with people from different social and ethnic background and projects using different forms of art. This article introduces the special issue and uses a dialogic format to consider some of the broader issues.

Critical approaches within health psychology continue to explore new methods of working and new theoretical ideas from other disciplines. One area that remains under-explored is the potential links with the arts. This special issue contains a selection of empirical and theoretical reports on the linkages between health psychology and the arts. It includes arts and health projects in clinical, community and educational contexts; projects with young and old people, projects with people from different social and ethnic background and projects using different forms of art. This article introduces the special issue and uses a dialogic format to consider some of the broader issues.

This article describes the experiences of 12 transwomen on hormone treatment, ranging in age from 30 to 63. Findings from interviews revealed seven prominent themes: transitioning before hormone treatment, starting on hormones, matching expectations with reality, tracking changes, relationships with health professionals, reflections on gender identity, and impact of hormones. Participants tended to be highly curious about the impact of hormone therapy, and most tracked bodily and psychological changes closely. Despite problematic side effects experienced by most (including periods of depression), an overall mental health benefit was evident, with transwomen feeling relieved about reducing the impact of testosterone and the stress of presenting as men, while being able to openly explore dimensions of being female. While some transwomen expressed awareness of how social influences and ideas about gender played a part in their reactions to hormone treatment, most thought and acted in accordance with the biomedical premise that bodies and identities can be created and recreated through technical physiological manipulation. Hormone therapy was seen as the critical step in committing to, and consolidating gender transition.

The authors investigated the psychosocial impact of dragon boat participation on women who have been treated for breast cancer. Open-ended qualitative interviews were completed by 10 new members recruited from two breast cancer survivor dragon boat teams. Our findings indicate that the women's experience of survivor dragon boating surpassed their expectations and offered them hope and increased strength and the ability to regain control of their lives. Key themes emerging from the in-depth interviews that encapsulate the experiences of women in their first season of dragon boating follow: awakening of the self, common bond, regaining control, being uplifted, and transcending the fear of death. The interview data support the emerging hypothesis that dragon boating is a vehicle for improving women's wellness and post-treatment quality of life.

Objective There exists little research about the experience of breast cancer for young women in Canada. To address this gap, the Canadian Breast Cancer Network (CBCN) and the Ontario Breast Cancer Community Research Initiative undertook a research project to explore the information and support experiences, needs and recommendations of geographically diverse Canadian young women with breast cancer.Setting and participants We consulted with 65 young women in 10 focus groups held across Canada. All women had been diagnosed with breast cancer at, or before, 45 years of age. During the consultations the women were asked to discuss their information and support experiences and needs, as well as resource recommendations related to their diagnosis, treatment and survivorship.Main results The overarching theme, 'Nothing Fit Me', revealed that accessed information, support and programmes/services did not 'fit' or match the women's age or life stage. When we asked for their recommendations the young women suggested that information and support match their age and life stage and that health-care providers create and implement several topical workshops concerning, for example, sexuality, lymphedema and reconstruction.Conclusion The findings will be used by the CBCN as a general platform from which to conduct further research and/or action strategies. The CBCN will also implement the recommendations from this groundbreaking work as this network formulates a national strategy for young women with breast cancer.

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in cancer mortality risk perceptions and preventive screening behaviors as well as perceptions of gender differences in types of cancer risks. A telephone survey was administered to 300 men and 300 women between 40 and 60 years of age, all of whom were contacted via a random digit dialing procedure. Findings showed that 62% of respondents believed that prostate cancer was the most frequent cause of cancer mortality among men (12% actual) while breast cancer was thought to be the most frequent cause reported among 80% of women (17% actual). It was determined that 79% of men and women are discussing or receiving preventive screening for prostate and breast cancer, respectively, and that these frequencies increase significantly after age 50. Finally, most respondents believed that women had higher rates of cancer morbidity and mortality than men. These results suggest that an increase in cancer mortality risk awareness is needed among both men and women. The elevated risks among men need to be made salient, and prevention campaigns that target men’s mortality risks need to be developed.