Abstract In this paper, we consider a prey-predator model with a reserve region of predator where generalist predator cannot enter. Based on the intake capacity of food and other factors, we introduce the predator population which consumes the prey population with Holling type-II functional response; and generalist predator population consumes the predator population with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. The density-dependent mortality rate for prey and generalist predator are considered. The equilibria of proposed system are determined. Local stability for the system are discussed. The environmental carrying capacity is considered as a bifurcation parameter to evaluate Hopf bifurcation in the neighbourhood at an interior equilibrium point. Here the fishing effort is used as a control parameter to harvest the generalist predator population of the system. With the help of this control parameter, a dynamic framework is developed to investigate the optimal utilization of resources, sustainability properties of the stock and the resource rent. Finally, we present a numerical simulation to verify the analytical results, and the system is analyzed through graphical illustrations. The main findings with future research directions are described at last.

The paper is formulated with the Holling–Tanner prey–predator model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response including prey harvesting. Gestational time delay of predator and the dynamic stability of time delay preventing system are incorporated into the system of our paper. The equilibria of the proposed system are determined and the existence of interior equilibrium point for the proposed system is described. Local stability of the system with the magnitude of time delay at the interior equilibrium point is discussed. Thereafter, the direction and the stability of Hopf bifurcation are established with the help of normal theory and center manifold theorem. Furthermore, profit function is calculated with the help of bionomic equilibrium and it is optimized using optimal control. Finally, some numerical simulations are introduced to verify the validity of analytic results of our proposed model.

In this paper, we investigate the effects on prey of two predators which are also related in terms of prey–predator relationship. Different types of functional responses are considered to formulate the mathematical model for predator and generalist predator of our proposed model. Harvesting effort for the generalist predator is considered and the density-dependent mortality rate for predator and generalist predator is incorporated in our proposed model. Local stability as well as global stability for the system is discussed. We analyze the different bifurcation parameters to evaluate Hopf bifurcation in the neighborhood of interior equilibrium point. Finally, some numerical simulations and graphical figures are provided to verify our analytical results with the help of different sets of parameters.

In this article, a prey-predator system with Holling type II functional response for the predator population including prey refuge region has been analyzed. Also a harvesting effort has been considered for the predator population. The density-dependent mortality rate for the prey, predator and super predator has been considered. The equilibria of the proposed system have been determined. Local and global stabilities for the system have been discussed. We have used the analytic approach to derive the global asymptotic stabilities of the system. The maximal predator per capita consumption rate has been considered as a bifurcation parameter to evaluate Hopf bifurcation in the neighborhood of interior equilibrium point. Also, we have used fishing effort to harvest predator population of the system as a control to develop a dynamic framework to investigate the optimal utilization of the resource, sustainability properties of the stock and the resource rent is earned from the resource. Finally, we have presented some numerical simulations to verify the analytic results and the system has been analyzed through graphical illustrations.

In this paper, we consider a mathematical model involving three species namely prey, predator and super predator. Different type functional responses have been considered to formulate the mathematical model for predator and super predator. Main intention of this study is to establish the local and global stabilities for the proposed model around its interior equilibrium points. A numerical example is considered to illustrate the proposed system of our paper. The stability of the system has been analyzed using some graphical representation.