AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:(i) To estimate the national incidence of unplanned removal of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in China. (ii) To explore the associated risk factors to provide evidence for the prevention.DESIGN:A multi-centre prospective cohort study.METHODS:A representative sample of 3222 Chinese adult patients with successful PICC insertion was recruited for the PICC Safety Management Research (PATH) using a two-stage cluster sampling method from December 2020 to June 2022. Sixty hospitals from seven Chinese provinces representing all geographical regions were selected. Demographic information and PICC characteristics were collected using a standard online case report form. Risk factors for the unplanned removal of PICCs were assessed using a cause-specific hazard model and verified using a sub-distribution hazard model. STROBE guidelines were followed in reporting this study.RESULTS:Three thousand one hundred and sixty-six patients were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 59 years and a total of 344,247 catheter days. The incidence of unplanned removal was 10.04%. Female, with thrombosis history, PICC insertion due to infusion failure, valved catheter and double-lumen catheter were risk factors, whereas longer insertion and exposure length were protective factors in the cause-specific hazard model. Higher BMI became an independent risk factor in the sub-distribution hazard model.CONCLUSIONS:Unplanned removal of PICCs is a serious clinical challenge in China. Our findings call for prevention strategies targeting the identified risk factors.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:Our study characterised the epidemiology of unplanned removal of PICCs among Chinese adult inpatients, highlighting the need for prevention among this population and providing a basis for the formulation of relevant prevention strategies.PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION:Patients contributed through sharing their information required for the case report form. Healthcare professionals who provide direct care to the patient at each medical centre contributed by completing the online case report form.

Background: Intracavity electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) guidance is an effective technology for monitoring the tip locations of centrally inserted central catheters (CICCs) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). However, for patients with an indwelling CICC, there has been no study on whether the CICC affects PICC tip positioning with IC-ECG guidance. Methods: Thirty people with a CICC requiring PICC insertion, matched with age to controls without a CICC. The stability of IC-ECG waveforms, the amplitude of P-waves, and the accuracy of PICC tip location were compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the stability of the IC-ECG waveforms (chi(2) = 0.22, p = 0.64). The amplitudes of baseline P-waves and ideal P-waves also showed no significant difference (t1 = 0.06, p1 = 0.96, t2 = 0.80, p2 = 0.43). Neither the accuracy of tip location (chi(2) = 1.40, p = 0.50) nor the distance of PICC tip (t = -0.03, p = 0.98) were significantly different. Conclusion: For patients with an indwelling CICC, the position of PICC tip can be accurately determined by the dynamic changes in the P-wave amplitude.

Objective:To explore the application effect of time-sharing appointment in the peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) maintenance clinic.Methods:Patients with medical appointments within two months before and after the application of time-sharing appointment practice in the PICC maintenance clinic were selected. Patients with appointment before application were control group and took paper appointment sheet manually while those after application were study group and took time-sharing appointment. Waiting time, average number of patients waiting per pre-specified time period, patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The median waiting time of the study group was 15 min, significantly shorter than that of the control group of 46 min ( P<0.01). The numbers of patients waiting in the waiting area for the study group remained relatively stable across each time period, showing low people density. In the contrast, numbers of patients waiting varied significantly for the control group and the peak of patient flow occurred in periods of 8∶00—10∶00 and 13∶30—14∶30. Patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction of the study group were both significantly higher than those of the control group (4.99±0.05 vs. 2.15±0.17, P=0.009; 4.67±1.92 vs. 1.90±0.37, P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion:The application of time-sharing appointment in PICC maintenance clinics effectively reduces the waiting time for patients, achieves reasonable patient triage, improves the clinic environment, improves nurse and patient satisfaction, and improves the level of hospital management.

Objective: To explore the practice of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in patients with severe diseases. Methods: 2580 patients with severe diseases were performed PICC from January 2015 to June 2016. New vascular grading standards were established. Blind insertion technology, ultrasound guidance technology, ultrasound catheter position preliminary judgment method and electrocardiogram (EKG) positioning special conversion clamp were applied during PICC. Results: For the 980 patients with severe vascular injury (38.0%), the successful rate of the blind insertiontechnology and the ultrasound guidance technology was 99.1 and 99.9% respectively. For the 851 patients with severe systemic edema (33.0%), the successful rate of the blind insertiontechnology and ultrasound guidance technology was 99.0% and 99.7% respectively. For the 439 patients with skin laxity (17.0%), the successful rate of the ultrasound guidance technology was 99.7%. For the 310 patients with severe limb contracture (12.0%), the successfulrate of the ultrasound guidance technology was 99.7%. Conclusion: The improved PICC technology can enhance the successful rate of catheterization in patients with severe diseases.

Introduction: This pilot exploratory study aimed to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients diagnosed with different types of cancer receiving peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs).Methods: A multicenter cross-section study of cancer patients with PICCs was performed from February 1, 2013 to April 24, 2014. The primary objective of this study was to compare HRQOL in different cancer type patients with PICC. HRQOL was examined based on European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Multiple linear regression models were conducted for coping with potential confounding variables. We also examined PICC-related quality of daily life with a self-made questionnaire.Results: Three hundred and fifty-seven cancer patients with PICC completed the survey in nine teaching hospitals. Lung cancer patients with PICC reported the worst dyspnea. Digestive tract cancer patients reported the worst appetite loss. Patients with hematologic malignancy reported the worst emotional, social function, fatigue and financial impact. Breast cancer patients reported better HRQOL. Baseline variables were proven not significant predictors of EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status. In self-made survey, pain after PICC insertion was null or a little in 98.6% of cancer patients. Limitation of upper extremity activity was null or a little in 94.1% of patients.Conclusions: HRQOL varies in different types of cancer patients with PICC. PICC may have a low impact on cancer patients' HRQOL. Further large sample studies are needed.

Purpose To evaluate incidence and risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related complications in cancer patients. Methods A prospective, multicenter, cohort study of cancer patients with PICC insertion was performed from February 1, 2013 to April 24, 2014. All patients were monitored in clinic until PICCs were removed. The primary endpoint was PICC removal due to complications. Patient-, catheter- and insertion-related factors were analyzed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify significant independent risk factors for PICC-related complications. Results There were 477 cancer patients included, for a total of 50,841 catheter-days. Eighty-one patients (17.0%) developed PICC-related complications, with an incidence of 1.59 per 1000 catheter days. Thirty-six (7.5%) PICCs were removed because of complications. The most common complications were skin allergy (4.6%), catheter occlusion (3.4%) and accidental withdrawal (2.3%). Nine (1.9%) patients developed symptomatic upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) and central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was shown in six (1.3%) PICCs with an infection rate 0.12 per 1000 catheter days. In multivariable analysis, body mass index (BMI) >25 (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.47, p = 0.004) was shown to be a significant risk factor for PICC complications. Conclusions Cancer patients with BMI greater than 25 were more likely to have PICC complications.

Objective To observe the effect of the application of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) network platform in the information management of the patients with PICC.Methods Altogether 17 254 outpatients receiving PICC maintenance in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2012 to April 2013 were enrolled as the control group,including 7 227 males and 10 027 females,with the median age of 58 years (12-85 years).A total of 20 384 outpatients from April 2013 to April 2014 with PICC were selected as the observation group,including 8 188 males and 12 196 females,~th the median age of 59 years (13-86 years).Those patients all received PICC maintenance in outpatient clinic during the intermission of therapy after PICC insertion.The time of data entry,the integrity of the data,description accuracy about complications,and normalization of wording were compared between the two groups.Results The average time of data entry in the control group was (46 ± 6) seconds,significantly longer than that in the observation group [(12 ± 5) seconds,t =562.660,P ＜ 0.05].In terms of the integrity of the data,there were 11 732 cases of complete data,3 623 cases of less complete data,and 1 899 cases of incomplete data in the control group;while the numbers of cases of complete data,less complete data,and incomplete data in the observation group were 19 568,725,and 91,respectively,showing significant difference compared with the control group (x2 =5 312.000,P ＜ 0.05).In the description accuracy about complications,the control group had 11 840 accurately described cases and 5 414 inaccurately described cases,while the observation group had 18 427 accurately described cases and 1 957 inaccurately described cases (x2 =2 814.000,P ＜ 0.05).The wording was standard in 15 280 cases but not standard in 1 974 cases in the control group,and standard in 19 659 cases and not standard in 725 cases in the observation group,with significant inter-group difference (x2 =872.600,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Simple and convenient data summary could help quality control and quality analysis,preferably guarantee the safety of catheter insertion and reduce the incidence of complications.

患者男，右锁骨下置入输液港，外接输液港针泵入盐酸艾司洛尔注射液（商品名：爱络），将0．2 g／ml的盐酸艾司洛尔注射液＋0．9％ NaCl 20 ml 稀释为10 mg／ml 浓度，持续2 ml／h静脉泵入，100 ml 0．9％ NaCl匀速静脉输注。因患者尿量偏少，遵医嘱予剂量为20 mg／2 ml的呋塞米20 mg自输液港针另一腔静脉注射，约10 min后输液速度逐渐减慢至停止，予0．9％NaCl 20 ml缓慢推注，明显感觉到前端阻力，回抽未见回血，考虑输液港堵塞。