Echelon utilization of waste power batteries in new energy vehicles has high market potential in China. However, bottlenecks, such as product standards, echelon utilization technology, and recycling network systems, have given rise to the urgent need for policy improvement. This study uses content analysis to code policies and investigate the central and local policies on the echelon utilization of waste power batteries in China from two dimensions, namely, basic policy instruments and industrial chain processes. Results show that in terms of basic policy instruments, central policies focus on structural mandatory instruments, whereas local policies focus on contractual inducement, which tend to be diversified. Interactive impact instruments are the least frequently used in both central and local policies. From the perspective of the recycling industry chain, central and local policy instruments concentrate mainly on the echelon utilization and detection and evaluation stages and focus less on the collection and transportation stages. Suggestions are offered as follows. (1) Increase the use of interactive impact instruments and optimize their classification. (2) Emphasize the matching between basic policy instruments and the recycling industry chain.(3) The policy instrument combination of “one place, one policy” could be implemented.

CPTPP在日本的主导下于2018年底正式生效,协定中的国企章节条款对成员国国有企业在透明度、 非商业援助等原则上提出了高标准的要求.对比澳大利亚与OECD采用的"竞争中立"原则可以看出,此国企条款表面上试图追求"竞争中性"状态,实则偏离其本质,是发达国家试图建立国际贸易新秩序、遏制他国国有企业发展的手段.CPTPP的高标准性使其成为国际经贸新规则的范本,也在对外贸易、对外投资和透明度等方面对我国国企的发展产生挑战.我国应当加快对国有企业的改革,同时抓住RCEP、"一带一路"等发展机遇,掌握国际竞争中国企规则的制定权,以应对CPTPP等高标准国际多边贸易协定转变趋势带来的挑战.

the reasonable location of a charging station will promote the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry. This paper initially establishes the location model of minimizing the total social cost with the purpose of a genetic algorithm solution. Next, an evaluation index system is constructed based on five location influencing factors; land cost, construction costs, road traffic flow, power grid conditions and the surrounding environment. Numerical studies show that both grey incidence decision and grey target theory have the advantages of ease of operation, low requirement of data collection and processing when they are employed while selecting the optimal location.

以中美科技贸易摩擦中的中兴通讯案为实例,构建了基于被关注度和活跃度两个维度的意见领袖识别指标体系;在采用德尔菲法对两级指标权重判定的基础上,运用AHP模型遴选排序居前10位的意见领袖.计算结果表明,意见领袖多为官方机构,数量远远大于专家、企业、一般用户个体;意见领袖出现的时间一般并不是事件发生的当日,而是有一定的时间延滞,这对于政府的出口贸易政策、产业政策的制定具有重要的借鉴意义.