Fragments of two perfume bottles belonging to the Hellenistic and Roman periods, and five bracelets belonging to the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman periods, excavated in the archaeological site of Enez during the excavations in 2000, have been investigated. The samples were analyzed using micro-Raman, FTIR, and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence techniques, in order to study the ancient technology of glass production and to determine chemical compositions of the basic components and coloring elements of the glassware. All the investigated glasses can be characterized as low-magnesia–soda–lime silicate glasses, whose colors are induced by metal ions. The melting points of the investigated glasses are estimated to be quite close to each other and around 1000°C.
In this study 11 clazomenian type sargophagi, found in ancient Ainos, one of the important archaeological site of Turkey, were investigated by EDXRF spectroscopy. The elemental composition of the painted parts and body samples of the sarcophagi were determined and the pigments used in the decorated parts were identified. Chemometric treatment of the XRF data was performed and principle component analysis revealed presence of 3 distinct groups.
The wall paintings of ancient Ainos Hagia (Saint) Sophia Church were investigated by FT-IR and EDXRF spectroscopy. Calcite, aragonite, gypsum, and quartz were detected in all the samples. Feldspar phases and pigments were inferred from both band component analysis and the second derivative profiles of the IR spectra. The black, dark brown, and red colouration was due to different concentrations of MnO2, Mn2O3, magnetite, and haematite.
Concentration levels of various elements have been estimated in ancient coins dating back to Roman age, which have been found in a sewage system of the ancient Ainos (Enez, Turkey). The coins are distributed into two groups on the basis of elemental composition: Pb and Cu based or Fe and Mn based coins indicating that two different ore deposits were used for issuing these coins. Other minor elements present in varying proportions are Ca, As and n. Besides to these major and minor elements, the coins,,were found to contain Na, K, Sc, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Br, Ag, Sb, Ba, An as impurities.
Ancient decorated pottery fragments belong to sixth and seventh century BC, excavated in the archaeological district of Enez – Turkey (Ancient Ainos) were analysed using micro-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The experimental results allowed us to identify the peculiar components of the ceramic body and the main pigments of the decoration. The presence of albite and anatase suggests low firing temperatures.
