Background (Meth)acrylates are potent sensitizers and a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The frequency of (meth)acrylate ACD has increased with soaring demand for acrylic nails. A preliminary audit has suggested a significant rate of positive patch tests to (meth)acrylates using aimed testing in patients providing a clear history of exposure. To date, (meth)acrylates have not been routinely tested in the baseline patch test series in the U.K. and Europe. Objectives To determine whether inclusion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) 2% in petrolatum (pet.) in the baseline series detects cases of treatable (meth)acrylate ACD. Methods During 2016-2017, 15 U.K. dermatology centres included 2-HEMA in the extended baseline patch test series. Patients with a history of (meth)acrylate exposure, or who tested positive to 2-HEMA, were selectively tested with a short series of eight (meth)acrylate allergens. Results In total 5920 patients were consecutively patch tested with the baseline series, of whom 669 were also tested with the (meth)acrylate series. Overall, 102 of 5920 (1 center dot 7%) tested positive to 2-HEMA and 140 (2 center dot 4%) to at least one (meth)acrylate. Had 2-HEMA been excluded from the baseline series, (meth)acrylate allergy would have been missed in 36 of 5920 (0 center dot 6% of all patients). The top (meth)acrylates eliciting a positive reaction were 2-HEMA (n = 102, 1 center dot 7%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (n = 61, 1 center dot 0%) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (n = 57, 1 center dot 0%). Conclusions We recommend that 2-HEMA 2% pet. be added to the British baseline patch test series. We also suggest a standardized short (meth)acrylate series, which is likely to detect most cases of (meth)acrylate allergy.

Contact allergy occurs when the skin comes into contact with allergens (chemicals that cause allergy), causing sensitisation. This means that if the skin comes into contact with the same allergen again, it can develop an eczema-like reaction known as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which affects 20% of people. Patch testing is used by dermatologists to find out what the substance causing the reaction might be. This is done by applying a range of known allergens to patches of the skin to see which trigger a reaction. The baseline (standard) series of patch test allergens is recommended in everyone undergoing patch testing and aims to include the most common allergens which cause ACD. (Meth)acrylate chemicals are the key ingredients in acrylic nails, gel nails and gel polish nails. There are different types of meth(acrylates). The authors of this study from 15 centres in the U.K. decided to add 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) 2% in petrolatum (pet.) to the baseline patch test series in 2016-7, aiming to detect ACD in patients using acrylic nails. Patients with a history of (meth)acrylate exposure, or who tested positive to 2-HEMA, were then selectively tested with a further short series of eight (meth)acrylate allergens. Of 5,920 patients, 1.7% (102) were allergic to 2-HEMA and 2.4% (140) to at least one (meth)acrylate. (Meth)acrylate allergy would have been missed in 0.6% of patients (36) without testing 2-HEMA in everyone. 94% of allergic patients were women. 37 of the 140 were sensitised by working in the nail industry and 97 were sensitised by wearing acrylic nails. Only six people developed the allergy due to exposure to other sources (surgical glue, adhesive medical appliances and printing ink). The authors recommend that 2-HEMA 2% pet. should be added to the British baseline patch test series and suggest a standardised short series of 15 (meth)acrylate chemicals, which is likely to detect most cases of (meth)acrylate allergy.

如果皮肤接触过敏原(引起过敏的化学品),则会出现接触性过敏反应,从而敏感化。也就是说,如果皮肤再次与相同过敏原接触,则可能会发展为湿疹类反应,这种反应被称为过敏性接触性皮炎 (ACD),其影响 20% 的人口。 皮肤科医生通过斑贴测试来找出可能引起反应的物质。医生会将一系列已知过敏原涂抹于皮肤斑块上,观察哪种会引起反应。推荐所有进行斑贴测试的人都测试斑贴测试过敏原基线(标准)系列,其目的在于测试引起 ACD 的最常见过敏原。 (甲基)丙烯酸酯化学品是水晶指甲、光疗指甲和指甲油的主要成分。(甲基)丙烯酸酯有多个类型。来自英国 15 个中心的本次研究的作者决定在 2016‐7 斑贴测试基线系列中在凡士林中添加 2% 的 2‐羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 (2‐HEMA),旨在检测使用水晶指甲的患者中的 ACD。然后对有(甲基)丙烯酸酯接触史的患者或 2‐HEMA 测试阳性患者使用更简短系列的 8 种(甲基)丙烯酸酯过敏原进行选择性测试。 在 5,920 名患者中,1.7% (102) 对 2‐HEMA 过敏,2.4% (140) 对至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸酯过敏。在未对所有患者进行 2‐HEMA 测试的情况下,遗漏了 0.6% (36) 的(甲基)丙烯酸酯过敏患者。94% 的过敏患者为女性。37/140 人因在指甲行业工作而致敏,97 人因佩戴水晶指甲而致敏。仅 6 人因接触其他来源(外科用胶水、医用黏合剂、油墨)而出现过敏。 作者推荐,应向英国斑贴测试基线系列添加 2‐HEMA 2% 凡士林,而且建议使用标准化简短系列的 15 种(甲基)丙烯酸酯化学品,该系列可能检测大多数的(甲基)丙烯酸酯过敏。

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and VenereologyVolume 31, Issue 2 p. e104-e105 Letter to the Editor Response to Letter by Prof. C.B.B. Bunker G. Kirtschig, Corresponding Author G. Kirtschig g.kirtschig@gmail.com Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Institute of General Medicine and Interprofessional Care, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyCorrespondence: G. Kirtschig. E-mail: g.kirtschig@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorK. Becker, K. Becker Office for Paediatric surgery, Bonn, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorA. Günthert, A. Günthert Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorD. Jasaitiene, D. Jasaitiene Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Republican Hospital of Panevezys, Panevezys, LithuaniaSearch for more papers by this authorS. M. Cooper, S. M. Cooper Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC.-C. Chi, C.-C. Chi Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorA. Kreuter, A. Kreuter Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University Witten/Herdecke, Oberhausen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorK.K. Rall, K.K. Rall Department of Gynaecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorW. Aberer, W. Aberer Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorS. Riechardt, S. Riechardt Departments of Urology and paediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorF. Casabona, F. Casabona S. C. Chirurgia Plastica, Chirurgia Plastica Rigenerativa, Ospedale Andrea Gallino, Genova-Pontedecimo, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Powell, J. Powell Department of Dermatology, Hampshire Hospitals foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UKSearch for more papers by this authorF.A. Brackenbury, F.A. Brackenbury Association for Lichen Sclerosus and Vulval Health, UKSearch for more papers by this authorR. Erdmann, R. Erdmann Division of Evidence-Based Medicine, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Lazzeri, M. Lazzeri Department of Urology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorG. Barbagli, G. Barbagli Centre for Reconstructive Urethral Surgery, Arezzo, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorF. Wojnarowska, F. Wojnarowska Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford, UKSearch for more papers by this author G. Kirtschig, Corresponding Author G. Kirtschig g.kirtschig@gmail.com Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Institute of General Medicine and Interprofessional Care, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyCorrespondence: G. Kirtschig. E-mail: g.kirtschig@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorK. Becker, K. Becker Office for Paediatric surgery, Bonn, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorA. Günthert, A. Günthert Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorD. Jasaitiene, D. Jasaitiene Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Republican Hospital of Panevezys, Panevezys, LithuaniaSearch for more papers by this authorS. M. Cooper, S. M. Cooper Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC.-C. Chi, C.-C. Chi Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorA. Kreuter, A. Kreuter Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University Witten/Herdecke, Oberhausen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorK.K. Rall, K.K. Rall Department of Gynaecology, Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Tübingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorW. Aberer, W. Aberer Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorS. Riechardt, S. Riechardt Departments of Urology and paediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorF. Casabona, F. Casabona S. C. Chirurgia Plastica, Chirurgia Plastica Rigenerativa, Ospedale Andrea Gallino, Genova-Pontedecimo, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Powell, J. Powell Department of Dermatology, Hampshire Hospitals foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UKSearch for more papers by this authorF.A. Brackenbury, F.A. Brackenbury Association for Lichen Sclerosus and Vulval Health, UKSearch for more papers by this authorR. Erdmann, R. Erdmann Division of Evidence-Based Medicine, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Lazzeri, M. Lazzeri Department of Urology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorG. Barbagli, G. Barbagli Centre for Reconstructive Urethral Surgery, Arezzo, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorF. Wojnarowska, F. Wojnarowska Department of Dermatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford, Oxford, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 July 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13821Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume31, Issue2February 2017Pages e104-e105 RelatedInformation

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory skin disease that usually involves the anogenital area. All patients with symptoms or signs suspicious of lichen sclerosus should be seen at least once initially by a physician with a special interest in the disease in order to avoid delay in diagnosis, as early treatment may cure the disease in some and reduce or prevent scarring. The diagnosis is made clinically in most cases. Biopsies should only be performed under certain circumstances. The gold standard for treatment remains potent to very potent topical steroids; however, mild and moderate disease in boys and men may be cured by circumcision. Certain triggers should be avoided. http://www.euroderm.org/images/stories/guidelines/2014/S3-Guideline-on-Lichen-sclerosus.pdf http://www.awmf.org/fachgesellschaften/mitgliedsgesellschaften/visitenkarte/fg/deutsche-gesellschaft-fuer-gynaekologie-und-geburtshilfe-dggg.html.

Contact DermatitisVolume 67, Issue 2 p. 105-106 Allergic contact dermatitis caused by polyester-8 (Polycrylene®) in a sunscreen moisturizer Ben Esdaile, Corresponding Author Ben Esdaile Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UKDr Ben Esdaile, Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. Tel: +01865 228 266; Fax: 01865 228 260. E-mail: ben.esdaile@orh.nhs.ukSearch for more papers by this authorSusan M. Cooper, Susan M. Cooper Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UKSearch for more papers by this author Ben Esdaile, Corresponding Author Ben Esdaile Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UKDr Ben Esdaile, Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. Tel: +01865 228 266; Fax: 01865 228 260. E-mail: ben.esdaile@orh.nhs.ukSearch for more papers by this authorSusan M. Cooper, Susan M. Cooper Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 July 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02067.xCitations: 7 The authors have declared no conflicts. Read the full textAboutRelatedInformationPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessClose modalShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume67, Issue2August 2012Pages 105-106 RelatedInformation RecommendedPhotoaggravated allergic contact dermatitis and transient photosensitivity caused by methylisothiazolinoneOlivier Aerts, An Goossens, Marie-Claude Marguery, Michel Castelain, Lucile Boursault, Françoise Giordano-Labadie, Julien Lambert, Brigitte Milpied, Contact DermatitisAllergic contact dermatitis caused by dexpanthenol—Probably a frequent allergenRosa A. Fernandes, Luís Santiago, Miguel Gouveia, Margarida Gonçalo, Contact DermatitisOccupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by thiourea compoundsLasse Kanerva, Tuula Estlander, Riitta Jolanki, Contact DermatitisAllergic contact dermatitis caused by alkyl glucosidesDorien Gijbels, An Timmermans, Pedro Serrano, Evelyne Verreycken, An Goossens, Contact DermatitisAllergic contact dermatitis caused by cocamide diethanolamineSarien Mertens, Liesbeth Gilissen, An Goossens, Contact Dermatitis

Gap junctions are intercellular channels which are permeable to ions and small molecules up to about 1 kDa in size. They are prominent in the skin, but their precise function there is largely unknown. Mutations in skin-expressed gap junction genes disrupt epidermal growth and differentiation. A relatively minor epidermal connexin, connexin 26 (Cx26), is associated with a wide variety of phenotypes, each specifically associated with a particular amino acid residue. How the different mutations in GJB2 lead to such distinctive phenotypes is poorly understood. Analysis of new GJB2 mutations can shed new light on pathogenesis and the apparently vital role of Cx26 in maintaining epidermal integrity.

Summary Aim. To determine whether there is an association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in women with mucosal (oral and vulval) lichen planus (LP) compared with a control population. Methods. This was a retrospective review of medical records in dedicated vulval and oral clinics in hospitals. The study population comprised 141 women with vulval LP and 106 women with oral LP. Medications taken at the time of diagnosis were recorded. Results. Patients with mucosal LP were more likely to be on NSAIDS and beta-blockers, but less likely to be on ACE inhibitors compared with controls. All three groups were found to have an inverse relationship with ACE inhibitors, but no association was found between patients with oral LP and beta-blockers. Conclusions. Beta-blockers and NSAIDS are associated with LP, suggesting that withdrawal of these drugs should be considered. Further studies are needed to confirm or refute the inverse relationship between mucosal LP and use of ACE inhibitors.