This article presents two cases where intravenous methylprednisolone contributed to a rapid recovery of topiramate‐induced acute angle closure (TiAC).Topiramate, a sulfamate‐derivative drug, has be...

1. McMenamin PG, Krause WJ. Morphological observations on the unique paired capillaries of the opossum retina. Cell Tissue Res 1993; 271: 461–8. 2. Buttery RG, Haight JR, Bell K. Vascular and avascular retinae in mammals. A funduscopic and fluorescein angiographic study. Brain Behav Evol 1990; 35: 156–75. 3. Walls GL. The Vertebrate Eye and its Adaptive Radiation. Bloomfield Hills, MI: Cranbrook Institute of Science, 1942. 4. Wislocki GB, Campbell ACP. The unusual manner of vascularization of the brain of the opossum (Didelphys Virginiana). Anat Rec 1937; 67: 177–91. 5. O’Day K. The visual cells of the platypus (Ornithorhyncus). Br J Ophthalmol 1938; 22: 321–8.

Background. The bacteria isolated from severe cases of keratitis and their antibiotic sensitivity are recognised to vary geographically and over time. Objectives. To identify the most commonly isolated bacteria in keratitis cases admitted over a 24-month period to a public hospital in Auckland, New Zealand, and to investigate in vitro sensitivity to antibiotics. Methods. Hospital admissions for culture-proven bacterial keratitis between January 2013 and December 2014 were identified. Laboratory records of 89 culture positive cases were retrospectively reviewed and antibiotic sensitivity patterns compared with previous studies from other NZ centres. Results. From 126 positive cultures, 35 species were identified. Staphylococcus was identified to be the most common isolate (38.2%), followed by Pseudomonas (21.3%). Over the last decade, infection due to Pseudomonas species, in the same setting, has increased (p ≤ 0.05). Aminoglycosides, cefazolin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, tetracycline, and doxycycline were 100% effective against tested isolates in vitro. Amoxicillin (41.6%), cefuroxime (33.3%), and chloramphenicol (94.7%) showed reduced efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, whereas penicillin (51%) and ciprofloxacin (98.8%) showed reduced efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions. Despite a shift in the spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates, antibiotic sensitivity patterns have generally remained stable and show comparability to results within the last decade from NZ centres.

Traditionally, keratoconus has been managed with glasses when mild, contact lenses when moderate and keratoplasty when severe. When cornea-based refractive surgery was first developed it appeared to be a useful option for keratoconus until reports of post-operative progressive ectasia emerged and thus keratoconus was considered a contraindication to refractive surgery. However, improvements in older techniques and the development of new techniques mean that there are now several viable options to avoid keratoplasty in contact lens-intolerant patients. This review discusses the risks and benefits of excimer laser refractive procedures, both with and without corneal collagen cross linking, as well as intra-corneal ring segments, phakic intraocular lenses and refractive lens exchange with toric intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To identify potential donor, recipient, surgical, and postoperative factors that may influence survival and visual outcome of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Methods: As part of a prospective longitudinal study, the electronic records of the New Zealand National Eye Bank were analyzed for the 10-year period from 1994-2003. Both univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: During the study period, the New Zealand National Eye Bank supplied 1820 corneas for PKP and 1629 (90%) had 1-year follow-up data. Overall, the 1-year survival rate was 87% (n = 1429). Donor factors including age, donor source, cause of death, death-to-preservation interval, endothelial cell density, donor lens status, and storage duration, were not significantly associated with decreased survival. The leading cause of PKP failure was irreversible rejection (7%, n = 114). Independent risk factors identified for decreased PKP survival were: 1 or more episodes of reversible rejection, active inflammation at PKP, preexisting corneal vascularization, intraoperative complications, small graft size (≤7.25 mm), large graft size (≥8.5 mm), preoperative glaucoma, and a preoperative diagnosis of regraft or trauma. A best-corrected Snellen visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 60% of eyes [mean: 6/15 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.40)]. Keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy were the diagnoses with best survival and visual outcome, whereas, bullous keratopathy, trauma or noninfective keratitis were associated with poorer visual outcome. Conclusions: Several independent risk factors were identified that significantly influenced PKP first year survival outcome. This information is valuable to patients and surgeons with respect to determining prognosis and clinical decision making.

Clinical & Experimental OphthalmologyVolume 37, Issue 2 p. 155-157 The plague that won't simply go away: acanthamoeba keratitis Sue Ormonde MD FRCOphth FRANZCO, Sue Ormonde MD FRCOphth FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Sue Ormonde MD FRCOphth FRANZCO, Sue Ormonde MD FRCOphth FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 April 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02007.xCitations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume37, Issue2March 2009Pages 155-157 RelatedInformation

Clinical & Experimental OphthalmologyVolume 34, Issue 5 p. 502-503 Ophthalmology selection and microsurgical training: a view from prospective and current trainees – response 1 Larry Benjamin FRCS, Larry Benjamin FRCS Department of Ophthalmology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UKSearch for more papers by this author Larry Benjamin FRCS, Larry Benjamin FRCS Department of Ophthalmology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 July 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01270.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume34, Issue5July 2006Pages 502-503 RelatedInformation

Clinical & Experimental OphthalmologyVolume 33, Issue 4 p. 418-418 Ophthalmic Care of the Combat Casualty Sue Ormonde FRANZCO, Sue Ormonde FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Sue Ormonde FRANZCO, Sue Ormonde FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 July 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.01039.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue4August 2005Pages 418-418 RelatedInformation

Purpose: To evaluate donor demographics and source, donor tissue processing and storage, biologic contamination, and the utilization and distribution of corneal tissue procured by the New Zealand National Eye Bank. Methods: As part of a prospective longitudinal study, the electronic records of the NZNEB for the 13-year period 1991-2003 were analyzed for each year with respect to donor demographics, donor source and cause of death, death-to-preservation interval, storage methods, endothelial assessment, biologic contamination, corneal tissue utilization, and distribution. Results: During the study period, 3221 corneas were retrieved from 1628 donors (69.8% male, 30.2% female), with the mean age of donors 59.4 years (SD 18.3 years) and range 4 to 95 years. No significant correlation was identified between donor age group (using 10-year intervals) and the proportion of corneas suitable for transplantation. Donors were procured from the Coroner's service (67.6%), public hospitals, (23.5%) and multiorgan donors (7.1%). The most common causes of donor death were cardiovascular disease, trauma, and cerebrovascular disease. Average storage duration increased from 3.5 to 11.8 days when organ culture replaced hypothermic storage in 1992. Biologic contamination occurred in 5% of all donor corneas. The most common bacterial and fungal isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci and Candida spp, respectively. A significant decrease in contamination rate over the years of the study was identified. Overall, 79.4% of corneal tissue procured was used for corneal transplantation (75.8% for penetrating keratoplasty, 2.1% for lamellar keratoplasty, and 1.5% for unspecified transplants), and 21.6% was discarded. Most common reasons for discarding tissue were biologic contamination, abnormal serology, and failed endothelial assessment. Conclusion: Analysis of the NZNEB database provides valuable information in relation to eye banking and corneal transplantation in New Zealand. Significant trends were identified in donor demographics, donor procurement source, improved donor tissue processing and storage, decreased biologic contamination, and increased utilization of corneal tissue.

Clinical & Experimental OphthalmologyVolume 31, Issue 3 p. 176-178 Endophthalmitis after contemporary cataract surgery: defining incidence and risk factors Charles NJ McGhee PhD FRCOphth FRANZCO, Charles NJ McGhee PhD FRCOphth FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Sue Ormonde FRCOphth, Sue Ormonde FRCOphth Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Charles NJ McGhee PhD FRCOphth FRANZCO, Charles NJ McGhee PhD FRCOphth FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author Sue Ormonde FRCOphth, Sue Ormonde FRCOphth Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 June 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9071.2003.00656.xCitations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume31, Issue3June 2003Pages 176-178 RelatedInformation

There is disagreement regarding whether the capsulorhexis aperture always decreases or may increase post-operatively. The aim of this study was to settle the controversy concerning loop haptic silicone lenses and to learn more of the dynamics of the capsulorhexis relating to plate haptic lenses.We performed a prospective randomised study comparing the post-operative changes in capsulorhexis aperture in two groups of eyes implanted with either plate or loop haptic silicone intraocular lenses. All the surgery was performed, at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom, by a single surgeon, using a standard technique of phacoemulsification. Patients were reviewed at 2 weeks and 6 months post-operatively. Digital retroillumination images of the anterior segment were captured. The area of the capsulorhexis aperture was determined by manually detecting its edge on a computer monitor.Forty-eight cases were randomised. The groups were comparable for demographic variables and mean initial aperture size (p > 0.05). There was an 8.4% mean decrease in aperture size for the loop haptics, contrasting with 4.5% expansion for the plate haptics (p < 0.05). Sixty-five per cent of patients with the plate haptic underwent enlargement of the aperture, contrasting with 25% for the loop haptic lens (p < 0.05).Silicone lenses with plate haptics undergo expansion of the capsulorhexis aperture more frequently than those with Prolene loop haptics.

Purpose There is disagreement regarding whether the capsulorhexis aperture always decreases or may increase post-operatively. The aim of this study was to settle the controversy concerning loop haptic silicone lenses and to learn more of the dynamics of the capsulorhexis relating to plate haptic lenses. Methods We performed a prospective randomised study comparing the post-operative changes in capsulorhexis aperture in two groups of eyes implanted with either plate or loop haptic silicone intraocular lenses. All the surgery was performed, at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom, by a single surgeon, using a standard technique of phacoemulsification. Patients were reviewed at 2 weeks and 6 months post-operatively. Digital retroillumination images of the anterior segment were captured. The area of the capsulorhexis aperture was determined by manually detecting its edge on a computer monitor Results Forty-eight cases were randomised. The groups were comparable for demographic variables and mean initial aperture size (p > 0.05). There was an 8.4% mean decrease in aperture size for the loop haptics, contrasting with 4.5% expansion for the plate haptics (p < 0.05). Sixty-five er cent of patients with the plate haptic underwent enlargement of the aperture, contrasting with 25% for the loop haptic lens (p < 0.05). Conclusions Silicone lenses with plate haptics undergo expansion of the capsulorhexis aperture more frequently than those with Prolene loop haptics.