matography. fi-Glucan thus prepared was completely free of mannoprotein and was soluble at neutral pH (glucan-p3). The effects of fi-glucan on phagocytosis and TNF-a release actiyity were investigated. While glucan-pl mederately induced TNF-a secretion at 200"g!ml (550 pg of TNF-a15 × 105 cells), glucan-p3 markedly stimulated macrophages at 200ptglml (2,860pg of TNF-a!5 × 105cel]s). Furthermore, glucan-p3 stimulated phagocytosis about 20% more than glucan-pl did. In conclusion, we purified watersoluble ll-glucan which was completely devoid of mannoprotein and effectively stimulated the macrophage function, enabling it to be used as an intraveno-s injection for sepsis.

The last one and half a decade witnessed an outstanding re-emergence of attention and remarkable progress in the field of protein methylation. In the present article, we describe the early discoveries in research and review the role protein methylation played in the biological function of the antiproliferative gene, BTG2/TIS21/PC3.

72.5GFLOPS GPGPU computing, 240 Mpixel/s sustainable image signal processing and 60fps 1080p multi-format video codec (MFC) capabilities are integrated with an 1.7GHz out-of-order-execution dual-core ARMv7A architecture CPU and 12.8GB/s memory subsystem for a next-generation application processor. The GPU-based general-purpose computing capability can deliver 10× higher energy efficiency in compute-intensive multimedia applications, compared with a CPU solution on the same die. The improved energy efficiency with GPGPU computing enables next-generation fused multimedia applications, with the assistance of dedicated high-performance low-power multimedia accelerators, as well as with low-power design and process technology, as shown in Fig. 9.4.1.

In this paper, we propose a scheme to reduce the number of shadow tests conducted during rendering of ray tracing. The shadow test is a very important process in ray tracing to generate photo-realistic images. In the rendering phase, the ray tracer determines whether to cull the shadow test based on information calculated from a shadow test conducted on the kd-tree in the preprocessing phase. In conventional rendering process, the proposed method can be used with little modification. The proposed method is suitable for a static scene, in which the geometry and light source does not change in the same manner as it does in the conventional method. The validity of the proposed scheme is verified and its performance is evaluated during cycle-accurate simulation. Through experiment results, we found that we could reduce up to 17% of the shadow test.

In this paper, we explain the energy-efficiency of mobile GPU through the performance and power comparisons of CPU and GPU integrated in the ARM processor-based System-on-Chip. Two kinds of application processors (GPGPU with 72.5GFLOPS computing capability integrated with 1.7GHz dual-core ARMv7A architecture CPUs and GPGPU with 108.7GFLOPS computing capability integrated with 1.8/1.3GHz octa-core ARMv7A architecture CPUs) are used in the experiment. The power and performance analyses of Kishonti Informatics' CLBenchmark and embedded image processing test suite of Renderscript can provide that the GPU based general-purpose computing ability can deliver 10x higher energy-efficiency in compute-intensive multimedia applications, compared with a CPU solution [1]. The GPU benefits arise from its parallel architecture, which is well suited for compute-intensive multimedia applications. Consequently, a high-performance GPU delivers higher energy-efficiency than any combination of CPU and GPU in most case of compute-intensive workloads.

This paper proposes an effective memory system of depth data to reduce the bandwidth requirement from the external memory for low-power 3D rendering processors. For this purpose, we propose an escape count buffer that contains information about the data size for each compressed depth block. Compared to the previous scheme, experimental results show that this approach reduces the memory bandwidth requirements up to 44%.

We propose effective texture-mapping hardware for real-time ray tracing. Therefore, we introduce a novel method to select the MIP-map level of texture images, which requires only the total length of the intersected ray and the pre-calculated value. The proposed architecture can support the texture MIP-mapping by integrating simple hardware logic in existing ray-tracing hardware.

BACKGROUND:Post-translational arginine methylation which modifies protein-arginyl residues by protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) was investigated during synchronized HeLa cell cycle. METHODS:The lysates of cells synchronized at each stage were subjected to one and/or two dimensional electrophoresis followed by Western immunoblot using against anti-asymmetric-dimethyl-arginine (ASYM24), anti-symmetric-dimethyl-arginine (SYM10), and subclasses of PRMTs, including PRMT1, PRMT3, PRMT4 (CARM1), PRMT5, PRMT6, and PRMT7 antibodies. RESULTS:Proteins with approximate molecular masses of 80 kDa, 68 kDa, and 64 kDa, containing asymmetric-dimethyl-arginine (aDMA) were increased at G0/G1 to G1, which lasted until S phase. In addition, 25 kDa protein of symmetric-dimethyl-arginine (sDMA) was also markedly up-regulated from G0/G1 to G1. The levels of PRMT3, PRMT6 and PRMT7 were concurrently increased during the cell cycle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF-MS was identified as aDMA-80 kDa and aDMA-68 kDa proteins as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNPR), aDMA-64 kDa proteins as cleavage stimulation factor 64 kDa subunit (CstF-64), and sDMA-25 kDa protein as triosephosphate isomerase (TPI). The levels of increased aDMA of hnRNPR were reduced, when HeLa cells were transfected with siRNA for PRMT1, and the aDMA of CstF-64 with siRNA for PRMT3, while depletion of PRMT5 down-regulated sDMA of TPI. CONCLUSION:Protein arginine dimethylations of hnRNPR, CstF-64, and TPI were regulated during HeLa cell cycle by respective PRMTs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE:These results suggest that regulation of arginine dimethylation of hnRNPR, CstF-64, and TPI at G0/G1 to G1 are most likely to modulate the cellular growth and proliferation in HeLa cell cycle.

The human ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3), a component of the 40S small subunit in the ribosome, is a known multi-functional protein with roles in DNA repair and apoptosis. We recently found that the arginine residue(s) of rpS3 are methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). In this paper, we confirmed the arginine methylation of rpS3 protein both in vitro and in vivo. The sites of arginine methylation are located at amino acids 64, 65 and 67. However, mutant rpS3 (3RA), which cannot be methylated at these sites, cannot be transported into the nucleolus and subsequently incorporated into the ribosome. Our results clearly show that arginine methylation of rpS3 plays a critical role in its import into the nucleolus, as well as in small subunit assembly of the ribosome.

This paper presents an FPGA implementation of a full whitted-style ray tracing accelerator. It achieves about 1.3 M rays per second over realistic 3 D scenes. The future implementation with ASIC is expected to achieve real-time performance.

Protein arginine methylation is one of the post-translational modifications which yield monomethyl and dimethyl (asymmetric or symmetric) arginines in proteins. In the present study, we investigated the status of protein arginine methylation during human diploid fibroblast senescence. When the expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), namely PRMT1, PRMT4, PRMT5 and PRMT6 was examined, a significant reduction was found in replicatively senescent cells as well as their catalytic activities against histone mixtures compared with the young cells. Furthermore, when the endogenous level of arginine-dimethylated proteins was determined, asymmetric modification (the product of type I PRMTs including PRMT1, PRMT4 and PRMT6) was markedly down-regulated. In contrast, both up- and down-regulations of symmetrically arginine-methylated proteins (the product of type II PRMTs including PRMT5) during replicative senescence were found. Furthermore, when young fibroblasts were induced to premature senescence by sub-cytotoxic H2O2 treatment, results similar to replicative senescence were obtained. Finally, we found that SV40-mediated immortalized WI-38 and HeLa cell lines maintained a higher level of asymmetrically modified proteins as well as type I PRMTs than young fibroblasts. These results suggest that the maintenance of asymmetric modification in the expressed target proteins of type I PRMTs might be critical for cellular proliferation.

Although the field of protein methylation enjoys widespread interest in the scientific literature of today, this is a recent phenomenon. Papers on 'protein methylation' were first published in the 1960s. By the early 1980s, it was known that lysine, arginine, histidine and dicarboxylic amino acids were post-translationally methylated by highly specific methyltransferases. However, despite these early advances, the biological importance of these reactions remained largely unproven. With the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques in the mid-1990s, an enormous surge of interest in protein methylation occurred. It is now clear that protein methylation carries many important biological functions, including gene regulation and signal transduction. Thus, the story of protein-methylation research is a testament to both modern molecular biology and the importance of continuing to pursue lines of research in which the precise biological function might not be currently known.

of the of and moderately parallelism methylase protein protein methylase III activity the fast- moderately