Objective: We performed a survey to determine current limitations of the role of assistants during laparoscopic surgery, and to investigate expectancy for developing artificial intelligence solo surgery (AISS) for laparoscopy.

Previously, serum testosterone level has been shown to be increased with finasteride treatment in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Meanwhile, it is widely known that testosterone level is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) in men. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that 5α-reductase inhibitor treatment may well result in the reduction of BMI as well in men with BPH. Thus, we investigated impact of dutasteride on serum testosterone level and BMI in men who received medical therapy for BPH.

Surgeons who perform robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) would know that working in relatively narrow pelvic cavity may sometimes make robotic arms brush up against each other or graze by pelvic wall or other structures. Such effects may contribute to prolonged operative time and/or increased blood loss, possibly resulting in adverse outcomes. Thus, we evaluated the effect of bony pelvic dimensions measured via preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on performing RALP.

The prognosis of high grade invasive bladder cancer is poor and conventional platinum based chemotherapy like MVAC or G/C shows only limited effect especially reagrding cancer specific survival. In this study we explored antitumor effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI), trichostatin A (TSA) against invasive human bladder cancer cell lines, and its mechanism.

In case a patient with spinal cord injury (SCI) has an incomplete injury, urodynamic study is sometimes skipped on the assumption that intra-vesical pressure is more stable and detrusor compliance is higher than patients with a complete injury. Thus, we compared the results of urodynamic study between complete and incomplete injury.

There is no standardized definition or established standards for urodynamic diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) for women. Particularly, on factors predicting female BOO in case the cause is not anatomical obstruction, there have been few studies. Thus, the present study purposed to evaluate the predictive factors for BOO defined using pressure-flow study in female patients without anatomical obstruction.

Even though urethral length, functional or anatomical, has been reported to be important regarding the recovery of urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), obtaining adequate urethral length during RRP can prove difficult when apical prominence is present. We investigated the impact of variations in the shapes of prostatic apex observed on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients' status regarding urinary continence after undergoing RRP along with the prevalence of such variations.