Recently, hydro units are used in maneuverable modes, which leads to an increase in the load on all elements of hydro units. It can lead to unpredictable failure of their components and even failures in the operation of the hydroelectric power plant. Therefore, the use of diagnostic systems is appropriate for solving such problems. The most promising non-destructive diagnostic systems are vibration diagnosis systems. However, the effectiveness of their use depends on the diagnosis algorithms, which depend on the features and functioning of the diagnosed unit of the power unit. In this work, some models of vibration signals of hydraulic units and features of the construction of vibration diagnostics systems of hydrogenerator units are considered

The paper describes the advantages and features of using power accumulators (PA) for powerful turbogenerators (TG), in which plate spring blocks are used to restore and stabilize the compression pressure of the stator core. Groups of PA are installed under the clamping nuts or instead of them on the threaded ends of the clamping prisms of the core. Measuring the forces of the clamping prisms in PA makes it possible to estimate the current state of the compression pressure in the core. To measure forces at clamping prisms the construction of PA with a fiber optic sensor based on Bragg gratings is proposed. The use of an optical sensor, which is a Bragg grating, ensures the efficiency of measuring forces in the clamping prism and compression pressure. Moreover, the proposed measuring transducers have immunity to influence of powerful electromagnetic fields, which occur during the operation of powerful generators. According to the given design parameters of the PA and mechanical characteristics of the plate spring block, a fiber optic force measurement sensor was developed and its characteristics were determined. The forces in the prisms is measured using a dielectric tubular force-receiving element and a ring measuring elastic element connected to it by light tension. Structural diagram of fiber-optic system with Bragg gratings for measuring forces in N clamping prisms of a powerful TG is proposed. The method of monitoring the state of the TG stator core using the PA system with a fiber-optic sensor, based on Bragg gratings is described. The processing of the measurement results in the clamping prisms is carried out , using a fiber-optic sensor, based on Bragg gratings, located in the PA , using an interrogator and a personal computer. The use of the device in the stabilization system makes it possible to increase the reliability and efficiency of monitoring the actual technical condition of the core, as well as more reliably to diagnose its defects with their subsequent elimination, both during its operation and during preventive and repair measures. The use of the developed information and measurement tools will ultimately increase the reliability of TG and its durability.

In this paper, current state energy equipment of IPS Ukraine after missile attacks on the country's critical infrastructure is considered. The main principles for generating equipment reconstruction and modernization of the Ukraine power plants in the post-war period formulated. To restore generation equipment should be at fundamentally new level with the involvement of advanced achievements of global and internal electrical engineering is proposed. During the recon-struction of destroyed power units, it is necessary to use turbine generators with colored operational characteristics that take into account the nature of the machine load, the geographical location of the station, the presence of electrical connections, etc. Foremost (first priority) it is necessary to restore machines with full air-cooling, which have enhanced maneuverability (including asynchronous). The main advantages of turbogenerators with air-cooling are considered. Identified elements and components of the structure, the technical condition of which as a whole is a determining factor for ensuring their reliable operation. The principles of building automated systems for monitoring the state of the equipment (systems for monitoring the state of pressing the stator core and humidity of the refrigerant in the machine body) are considered. Ref. 6, fig. 3, table. Keywords: turbogenerator, technical state, reliability, defect, diagnostics.

In this paper technology and device for automated detection of the location and size of defects in the stator core of a powerful turbine generator (TG) during assembly at the manufacturing plant is proposed. The core is assembled and pressed in a vertical position in separate parts and at each stage of assembly it is necessary to find places with a weakened solidity. Existing control methods, including automatic ones, will not allow quality control. Using the proposed technology, places in the core with weakened solidity can be detected. In this case, measurements of the specific pressing pressure are carried out at certain points of the end surface of the core, where special control samples from an easily deformable material are installed. The device is implemented as a ring installed on the end surface of the core, in which N cells with control samples are installed. During pressing, the thickness of the samples decreases and the greatest decrease in the thickness of the sample, caused by the corresponding highest specific pressure, corresponds to the smallest defect, and vice versa. Flat metal membrane with a rigid center as a primary pressure transducer has been proposed to use, on which an optical fiber with Bragg gratings is fixed, one of which measures the tangential relative deformation in the membrane, and the second serves for thermal compensation. In paper it has been shown that tangential deformation in a flat membrane depends on the specific pressing pressure. The characteristics of the converter are calculated. The measurement results are processed using an interrogator and a personal computer. The use of the device makes it possible to increase labor productivity when monitoring the core, as well as more reliably diagnose its defects with their subsequent elimination, which ultimately will increase the reliability of the TG and its durability.

In this paper smart shield panel electrical operating parameters meters of energy generating facilities functionality is analysis. The list of functions of measuring instruments supplemented, which allowed increasing their operational characteristics. Methods and results of realization of these functions given for the panel board intellectualized voltage meter of alternating current. The structural scheme of the developed panel board intellectualized meter is described and its main technical characteristics are given.A method of mobile calibration of the device is proposed, in which a calibration signal source with a separate fixed value is used, and the calibration process itself is controlled from the device keyboard. A modernized detailed and simplified calibration algorithm is present. Ref. 12, fig. 5, tabl. 2.

One of the most important parameters of powerful hydro generators (HG) is the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and its deviation from the set norms is a defect that can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the size and shape of the gap must be monitored both during inspections and during operation of the machine. The aim of this paper was to develop a secondary measuring transducer providing accuracy and resolution for a capacitive gap sensor formed by coplanar parallel electrodes. It is shown that the reliability and safety of operation of powerful HG inextricably depend on the timely detection of their defects, especially during operation. One of the most important parameters of the HG is the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and its deviation from the set norms is a defect that can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the size and shape of the gap must be monitored both: during inspections and during operation of the machine. The paper discusses the features of measuring the air gap in a powerful HG, as well as existing modern methods and means of measurement. It is shown that for measuring the gap in capsule HG, one of the most suitable means is a meter, which includes a capacitive sensor mounted on a central bore of the stator core. Commercially available gap meters with capacitive sensors are not suitable for use on HGs. Commercially available meters with capacitive sensors, by their certain characteristics, are not always suitable for use on HGs. A secondary measuring transducer with improved characteristics is proposed for a capacitive gap sensor formed by coplanar parallel electrodes. The converter is developed on the basis of a balanced compensation bridge measuring circuit. The control action in the device is formed by the phase of the unbalancing signal. The structural diagram of the converter is presented and the algorithm of its operation is described. The process of forming a measuring output signal proportional to the sensor working capacitance in the circuit is considered. The use of a capacitive sensor with coplanar parallel electrodes and the proposed secondary measuring transducer will ensure high accuracy and resolution when measuring the air gap.

Наведено результати експериментального дослідження впливу магнітного поля промислової частоти на стабільність функціонування мікроконтролера.Останній призначений для розробки нових типів комп'ютеризованих вимірювачів параметрів механічних дефектів потужних генераторів із оптико-електронними елементами, що можуть працювати в умовах сильних магнітних полів промислової частоти.Розроблено та використано для експериментальних досліджень спеціальний стенд та відповідні алгоритми тестування.Отримано експериментальні результати для розрахунку залежності параметрів значення індукції в повітряному зазорі тестового осердя стенду від змінної напруги, що подається на неї.Встановлено, що внесення мікроконтролера серії Cortex-M0 в магнітне

The statistics of the last decades shows the fact that the stator cores have become the main unit responsible for limited service lifetime and low reliability indices of large turbogenerators.The most distributed defects are as follows:-self-unscrewing of pressing rings fastening nuts, -tears off of threaded tails of stacking ribs, -loosening of the core radial connections with the stacking ribs in the stator top part, bends and tears off in cantilever sections of active sheet steel in the teeth zone, -emerge of local overheating due to pressing down fingers insulation covering abrasion and fracture determination of glued end packages.These defects in some cases caused heavy damages of the stator winding.Due to decreasing of the stator unit operation reliability carrying out of expensive repairs in the plant conditions or the stator replacement at site of installation as soon as calculated service lifetime (or in the case of the stator core service ability) end.There is misunderstanding in power processes in the stator cores.Despite the application of method of "short time replacement" of stator core-and-winding assembly by some of leading firms the main cause of the paradox remains unknown.We have performed the analysis of the extensive statistical materials and, the most important thing is new measurements of axial vibration components and variable mechanical stresses in the stator core at mounting places of large turbogenerators.The last revealed that the main cause of the paradoxical situation is in misunderstanding of force processes in the stator core.It was found that in the stator core the complex of internal forces of the same order as the forces of magnetic tension in air gap emerges.Therefore designing conceptions and maintenance of large turbogenerators shall be reviewed with allowance for those forces.Those electromagnetic ("ponderomotoric") forces emerge as a result of electric current interaction.According to the classic theories in the coreless coil with electric current such forces has axially pulling and radially pushing character.The same phenomena originate in 21, rue d'Artois, F-75008

In this paper, a review and analysis of capacitive sensors with flat concentric electrodes for measuring distances to grounded surfaces has been present. A simplified calculation model to determine the transformation function of a capacitive distance sensor with concentric coplanar electrodes has been created. The optimal relationship between the dimensions of the sensor and the measuring range has been determined. The working informative capacity of the sensor for the given sizes has been calculated. Approximating dependencies for the function "sensor working capacity – distance to grounded surface" have been determined. The graphs of the approximating functional dependence for the linear model and for the third-order polynomial model have been drawn. It is established that the use of third-order polynomials ensures the smallest approximation error. A formula for calculating the parasitic capacitance of the sensor through the dielectric of the substrate has been obtained and its value for the given sizes has been calculated. The proposals of this type sensors use are given.

The troubleproof and efficient work of powerful turbogenerators depends on the stability of their main mechanical parameters, which include the stator core pressing. The aim of the work was to describe the possibility of using a multielement capacitive sensor with coplanar electrodes to measure the movement of disk springs of the stabilizer systems power batteries in the turbogenerator stator core.The state of the core pressurizer can be indirectly assessed by measuring the displacement of the disk springs in power accumulators, which are installed on the tightening prism of the core instead of the compression nuts. To measure the movement of springs, a coplanar capacitive sensor with sectoral electrodes built into the power accumulators design is proposed. Each sector contains its own elementary sensor formed by coplanar electrodes. Each elementary sensor in each sector is placed on an annular dielectric plate and is formed by coplanar electrodes that are part of coaxial concentric rings. The sensor consists of a high-potential, low-potential and grounded electrodes. A grounded electrode is located between the high-potential and low-potential electrodes, as well as around them.A simplified analytical calculation model for obtaining the analytical response characteristic of the change in the informative component of the sensor electric capacity on the course of the disk springs in the CA is presented. The reliability of the model and the response characteristics are confirmed experimentally by testing a laboratory prototype of a capacitive sensor.

In this paper, we report of the solving the actual problem of control the air gap in the hydrogenerators. The aim of the study was development of a computerized information-measuring system for measuring the air gap in the hydrogenator, which used two capacitive sensors with parallel coplanar electrodes, and the method of determining the shape of the envelope parameters hydrogenerator rotor poles relative to the center axis of rotation, using the measurement results of the air gap.In practical studies of the sensor circuit it has been shown that its use allows for the informative value of the sensor capacitance conversion function to obtain a high accuracy and resolution measurement with digital linearization of converting function of the sensor with use program utility. To determine the form deviations of the envelope line of the rotor pole from the ideal cylinder, which is one of the main structural defects of the technological errors as results the distortion of the shape of the air gap in the hydrogenator, when the machine was manufacture and assembly. It is proposed to describe the shape of the envelope to use a Fourier transform. Calculation of the coefficients of the Fourier series is performed using the method of least squares as the regression coefficients.Application of this method in processing the measuring data in a computerized information-measuring system the developed with the primary converter with coplanar parallel electrodes allowed attaining the high measurement accuracy and resolution informative in magnitude of the capacity.