The colour palette of painters over history has been of interest to many, including: art historians, archaeologists, and art lovers. Colour usage in art changes from culture to culture and season to season and is often thought of as reflecting or inspiring mood and ambience. We present ColourVis: a visualisation that supports exploration of colour usage in digital images. In particular, we use as a case study European art over the last six centuries. Visualising this relatively unexplored area offers insights into such questions as: How blue was Picasso's blue period?; How do realist painters' colour choices compare to that of surrealist painters; or How has the usage of colours changed over time? Through ColourVis we offer an exploration and comparison tool for individual paintings, groups of paintings and trends in colour usage over time.

With the advent of electronic music and computers, the human-sound interface is liberated from the specific physical constraints of traditional instruments, which means that we can design musical interfaces that provide arbitrary mappings between human actions and sound generation. This freedom has resulted in a wealth of new tools for electronic music generation that expand the limits of expression, as exemplified by projects such as Reactable and Bricktable. In this paper we present ToCoPlay, an interface that further explores the design space of collaborative, multi-touch music creation systems. ToCoPlay is unique in several respects: it allows creators to dynamically transition between the roles of composer and performer, it takes advantage of a flexible spatial mapping between a musical piece and the graphical interface elements that represent it, and it applies current and traditional interface interaction techniques for the creation of music.

The colour palette of painters over history has been of interest to many, including: art historians, archeologists, and art lovers. Colour usage in art changes from culture to culture and season to season and is often thought of as reflecting or inspiring mood and ambience. We present ColourVis: a visualization that supports exploration of colour usage in digital images. In particular, we use as a case study European art over the last six centuries. Visualizing this relatively unexplored area offers insights into such questions as: How blue was Picasso's blue period?; How do realist painters' colour choices compare to that of surrealist painters; or How has the usage of colours changed over time? Through ColourVis we offer an exploration and comparison tool for individual paintings, groups of paintings and trends in colour usage over time.

We consider steady state drift-diffusion of some substance past a circular obstacle. We obtain asymptotic representations of the concentration profile of the substance exterior to the obstacle. We assume that the drift dominates diffusion and obtains various asymptotic expansions in the 'shadow' regions, where the concentration is very small. We apply singular perturbation methods to the governing partial differential equation. Numerical studies are used to back up the asymptotic results.

In this paper we discuss SurfaceMusic, a tabletop music system in which touch gestures are mapped to physical models of instruments. With physical models, parametric control over the sound allows for a more natural interaction between gesture and sound. We discuss the design and implementation of a simple gestural interface for interacting with virtual instruments and a messaging system that conveys gesture data to the audio system.

We consider the steady state concentration of some diffusing substance, subject to a uniform drift field, past a circular obstacle. We obtain some exact representations of the concentration profile of the substance exterior to the obstacle. These representations are particularly useful for studying the solution in ranges of space where the concentration is very small (the "shadow" regions). We assume then that the drift dominates diffusion and obtain various asymptotic expansions in the shadow regions.

An overview of currently available internet resources which might be relevant to primary mental health care is given. The range and type of resources, gaps in currently available resources and methods of assessing quality and utility of sites is discussed.

Despite evidence for the potential effectiveness of self-rating scales in the detection and management of depressive illness in primary care, they have not been as widely adopted as has been hoped. This may reflect views on their clinical utility when administered in isolation(1) as opposed to being incorporated into a management protocol.(2) More elaborate and sophisticated methods of improving the detection and management of depressive illness in primary care are available, such as educational programmes and management protocols based on clinical practice guidelines(3-5) and computerized packages.(6,7) However, these methods are either expensive or may have variable take up, as primary health care staff may not always find it possible to attend training programmes.(8) Hence, there is increasing interest in the use of more widely accessible and possibly briefer approaches to this problem.(9) One potential avenue that deserves further attention is the use of very brief protocols which have self-rated scales as a central part. This approach is discussed in this paper and work in progress with a new self-rating scale for depression,(10) the Brief Depression Scale, is used for illustrating this approach.

The screening characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) of a ten-item self-rated depression scale, the Brief Depression Scale (BDS), were assessed according to two different scoring mechanisms in a hospital sample of 275 patients with depressive illness and anxiety disorders and a non-clinical sample of 50 subjects. The first scoring method was 'conventional' in using the BDS total score and the second scoring method was to count the number of items on the BDS where the individual item scores were greater than a certain 'threshold' score. There was a very high likelihood of fulfilling the closest corresponding ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, 10th revision) or DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) diagnostic criterion to a specific BDS item at an item score of 4 points. The sensitivity and specificity of the BDS in detecting a case of ICD-10 or DSM-IV depression were both 85% if four or more items scored above this level (4 points per item). These values compared favourably to those obtained at the conventional BDS 'cut-off' score of 19 points (sensitivity 87% and specificity 90%). The novel scoring mechanism might offer the advantages of a reduced assessment time after screening.

Background: Individual beliefs and cognitions may affect adjustment to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and illness perceptions, in particular, have been reported to correlate with both disability and psychological adjustment to CFS in self-diagnosed cases. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine these relationships in a clinic sample of CFS patients assessed by both a physician and psychiatrist. Method: A sample of 173 patients referred to a multidisciplinary CFS clinic and fulfilling current operational criteria for CFS [Ann Intern Med 121 (1994) 953; J R Soc Med 84 (1991) 118.] were randomly selected from the clinic database and surveyed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Fatigue Questionnaire and Illness Perceptions Questionnaire [J Psychosom Res 37 (1993) 147; Psychol Health 11 (1996) 431; Acta Psychiatr Scand 67 (1983) 361.]. Results: A total of 126 patients responded (73% response rate). The illness perception components studied were consequences (of illness), illness identity, causes (of illness), the ability to control/cure the illness and (expected) timeline of the illness. These components accounted for 15%, 28% and 30% of the variance in levels of fatigue, depression and anxiety, respectively. Two of the illness perception components (consequences and illness identity) were stronger predictors of fatigue score than mood scores. Conclusions: These findings confirmed in a clinical sample that illness perceptions are associated with variation in both disability and psychological adjustment in CFS. Illness perceptions may have an important and long-lasting effect on adaptation to CFS, and it is necessary to have a greater understanding of their role in order to tailor effective interventions for the condition.

A new, ten-item, self-rated depression scale, the Brief Depression Scale (BDS), was validated in 275 psychiatric in-patients and out-patients with depressive illness and anxiety disorders and a non-clinical sample of 50 subjects. The BDS showed satisfactory convergence with the interview-rated Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (r(s) = 0.72 and p < 0.001) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (r(s) = 0.70 and p < 0.001) and with the depression subscale of the self-rated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r(s) = 0.89 and P < 0.0001). The BDS had satisfactory internal consistency with a Cronbach's a-value of 0.86. The construct validity of the scale was assessed by principal components analysis and a two-factor solution was found in the clinical sample which explained 54% of the variance in the BDS total score. The sensitivity of the scale to clinical change in patients treated over an 8 week period was found to be satisfactory las judged by the biserial correlation coefficient of change in BDS score with changes in other depression measures). The BDS had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 90% at a cut-off score of 19. The BDS is a brief, reliable and valid measure which may be useful in primary and secondary care settings as both a screening and outcome measure for depression. Primary Care Psychiatry 2000; 6:111-118, Copyright (C) 2000 by LibraPharm Limited.

The cognitive drug research computerized assessment system (COGDRAS) was evaluated in 98 unselected Hammer-smith Hospital Memory Clinic patients (mean age 64.9, range 28-83 years). They were divided into five groups (worried well, depressed, demented, minimally cognitively impaired and other brain disorders) on clinical assessment, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) scores. All but one patient completed the computer package, confirming its acceptability. The results of the COGDRAS in the five groups were analysed blind to diagnosis. The performance of the demented group was significantly impaired in comparison with the worried well group, showing that the COGDRAS is valid in mild dementia (mean MMSE 21.5, mean CAMCOG 73.9). The depressed group tended to perform slightly less well than the worried well, and the 'other' group showed a wide range of scores consistent with its diversity. The minimally impaired had scores intermediate between the demented and worried well, but an interesting speed/accuracy tradeoff was seen-patients appeared to maintain accuracy by taking longer to perform tasks. The heterogeneity of the minimally impaired group and the role of the measurement of task completion time in the diagnosis of early dementia are discussed.

“Chronic fatigue syndrome” (Sharpe et al , 1991) is an operational definition for conditions of disabling physical fatigue, of over six months duration, unexplained by primary physical or psychiatric causes. It encompasses nomenclature such as “myalgic encephalomyelitis” (Acheson, 1959), “post-viral fatigue syndrome” (Behan et al , 1985) and “chronic mononucleosis syndrome” (Straus, 1988).

The purpose of this study was to examine whether retention of kindergarten and first-grade children is associated with long-term beneficial effects. Thirty-one children who had been retained were compared to 31 children who had similar grades but had never been retained. The dependent measures were grade point average in the second through fifth grades and four teacher-assessed areas of functioning in the fourth and fifth grade: social competence, cognitive competence, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. The results indicated that retention was not associated with long-term beneficial effects but rather, especially for White children, appeared to be associated with poorer academic and social functioning. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

The energetics of atomisation of Pb, Cu, Ag and Au in pyrolytic graphite coated, uncoated electrographite and glassy carbon tubes was studied following deposition of the analyte as a solution (primary site) and as an aerosol vapour (secondary site). Arrhenius activation energies (Ea) for Pb and Cu were independent of tube type and mode of analyte deposition. An apparent first-order rate of release occurs from all tube types and from both primary-and secondary-deposition sites, suggesting that both elements desorb from the surface as individual atoms. Values of Ea for desorption of Ag and Au were independent of furnace tube type but dependent on the deposition mode, with fractional orders of desorption obtained throughout. Data for these elements suggest the formation of micro-droplets or caps (primary site) and islands (secondary site) with desorption occurring from the droplet surface or at the metal-graphite interface.

Stress MedicineVolume 5, Issue 1 p. 69-70 Book Review Sleep and ageing. Kevin Morgan. Associated Book Publishers, 1987, No. of pages: 151. Price: £19.95 Sean Lynch, Sean Lynch St Mary's Hospital, LondonSearch for more papers by this author Sean Lynch, Sean Lynch St Mary's Hospital, LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: January/March 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460050113AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume5, Issue1January/March 1989Pages 69-70 RelatedInformation

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the kaolin: dimethylsulfoxide (kaolin: DMSO) and the kaolin: N-methylformarnide (kaolin: NMF) intercalates have been reexamined. Two different sample sizes (2 mg and 8 mg) and grain-size distributions (<45 μm and 45–63 μm were investigated using isothermal and dynamic gravimetry in the temperature range 100°–200oC. All sample configurations for the kaolin: DMSO intercalate (2 mg, <45 μm; 2 mg, 45–63 μm; 8 mg, <45 μm; 8 mg, 45–63 μm) followed the rate law -ln(1 - α) = kt to a value for α, the reaction fraction complete, of.6, yielding activation energies and standard deviations at the 99% confidence level of 85.5 ± 3.79 and 71.75 ± 8.75 kJ/mole for the isothermal and dynamic runs, respectively. The kaolin: NMF intercalate (2 mg, <45 μm) also followed the same rate law for α <.8, with activation energies and standard deviations at the 99% confidence level of 89 ± 5.05 and 79.25 ± 6.47 kj/mole for the isothermal and dynamic studies, respectively. In solution the rate law -ln(1 - α) = kt is known as first-order kinetics, but here it appears to represent the non-instantaneous nucleation of uniformly sized particles, followed by the inward movement of a reaction interface.