Bottom-up nanomaterials are attractive as constituents of molecular-scale devices. In particular, 1D coordination nanochains based on bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) complexes are promising candidates for molecular photonic wires, as they can deliver photogenerated excitons along their straight chain structure efficiently. Moreover, the coordination polymers can be dispersed in organic solvents. This feature allows the preparation of a thin film on an electrode surface, which can serve as an active layer of photoelectric conversion systems. Hybridization of multiple photoactive chromophores in single-molecular materials may enhance their photophysical properties. Porphyrins and dipyrrin-metal complexes are well-studied pigments that convert the absorbed light energy into photofunctions such as photoluminescence and photoelectric conversion. Here, by expanding the design of the coordination nanowires, we present the preparation of a 1D coordination polymer bearing 2 efficient photo-absorbing chromophores: bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and porphyrinatozinc(II). The bulky substituents on the porphyrin units allow the coordination polymer to be exfoliated into single-molecular wires with a height of 2.5 +/- 1.0 nm and a length of 1.8 +/- 0.3 mu m. The coordination polymer exhibited photoluminescence and photoelectric conversion properties derived from the electronic interaction between the 2 moieties. Therefore, the design flexibility of bottom-up coordination nanochains can enrich the photofunctionality and broaden their potential applications in molecular devices.

Magnetic nanoparticles have evolved over the last few decades as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs. Here, novel gellan gum magnetic graphene oxide (GG-GO-Fe3O4) and pectin magnetic graphene oxide (PEC-GO-Fe3O4) nanocomposites were prepared to carry cinnamaldehyde to control Aedes aegypti larvae. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were employed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposites. Entrapment efficiencies and loading capacities of nanocomposites on cinnamaldehyde were examined using ultraviolet-visible analysis. The successful cinnamaldehyde loading was confirmed by C-C and C-O stretches in the FTIR spectra. Results of in vitro release study showed the capabilities of GG-GO-Fe3O4 as a drug carrier system, extending the cinnamaldehyde release period for 36 h, and the release profiles for both nanocomposites fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with correlation coefficient (R2) values of over 0.9809. The cinnamaldehyde-loaded GG-GO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites induced 68% mortality after 72 h of exposure, with LC50 values ranging from 2.0488 and 15.9121 mg/L. The conjugation of GO-Fe3O4 with biopolymers improved the water solubility of cinnamaldehyde by 36.41 to 62.83 times vs. free cinnamaldehyde in water (1.42 mg/mL). Overall, these results are beneficial for researchers dealing with mosquito control and prevention.

Excessive concentration of Zn in the environment may lead to bad toxicological responses that can affect human health and create numerous challenges in the environment. Therefore, it is very important to develop a sensitive method such as selective chemosensors based on fluorescence property which does not require laborious work in order to detect Zn metal ion. A formylchromone-thiosemicarbazide with two chloro derivatives namely DFCTSC was synthesized from reflux reaction of 6,8-dichloroformylchromone (DCF) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC) in ethanol. The characterisation of ligand structure was determined by using spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Meanwhile, the fluorescence property of DFCTSC in the presence of Zn ion was recorded using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The result showed DFCTSC has a good fluorescence behaviour towards Zn ion by giving turn-on green fluorescence at peak 500 nm and emit light when it observed under UV light. The behaviour displayed the ability of ligand to be used as a potential fluorescent chemosensor for detecting Zn2+.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as metal-organic nanosheets (MONs) are exceptionally fascinating for electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, spintronics, and magnetism due to their enticing properties such as tuneable structures of ligands and metal complexes, intensify porosity and conductivity as well as successful facile fabrication of larger domains of the 2D materials. Owing to their unique qualities, such as intrinsic electronics and optical attributes, 2D materials have achieved tremendous breakthroughs in the direct applications of MONs. Based on recent research findings, MONs have been regarded as promising materials for surface functioning. At the same time, the intrinsic band structure and electronic properties may be rationally regulated via structural change, which can be the focal point of advanced materials design, processing, and progress. In this context, the potential to utilize different ligands and a vast number of coordinative atoms become important in designing 2D materials to address the tremendous needs of industry players. This review focuses on coordination nanosheets, which is a type of molecule-based nanosheets. The examples of coordination nanosheets are discussed in Section 1. In Section 2, surveys research on bottom-up coordination nanosheets synthesized through the liquid/liquid and gas/liquid interfacial reactions are discussed. Section 3 discusses the potential applications of coordination nanosheets in nanomaterial science. Overall, this review provides a useful source of information for researchers working on advancing 2D nanomaterials, particularly coordination nanosheets.

Increasing developments on the application of copper complexes as dyes are due to their dual function in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as redox mediators and dye sensitizers. The economical (abundance, low cost) and environmentally friendly properties of copper motivate researchers on the use of copper complexes for replacement of ruthenium-based dyes in solar cells. A novel [Cu(I)(2,9-dmp)(phen-dione)]PF6 (A2) bearing polypyridyl ligands, 1,10- phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phen-dione), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) was prepared by metal complexation reaction. The photofunctionality of A2 as a promising photosensitizer in DSSCs was studied. Interestingly, A2 exhibited two absorption peaks, one is detected in the ultraviolet region due to pi-pi* transition and the other is a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band at 405nm in the visible region. A2 was compared to the same complex with Cu(II) ion as the metal centre which only absorbed light in the ultraviolet region thereby implying limited use of Cu(II) complex in its light harvesting application. The photofunctionality of A2 was studied by employing it as an active material for photoelectric conversion by engaging it with ITO to create a photoanode. Upon light irradiation, an anodic current was observed. In conclusion, introduction of Cu(I), instead of Cu(II), in polypridyls ligands resulted in successful enhancement of photophysical properties of A2, making the photoanode of A2 suitable for light harvesting applications.

The cationic complex [Ir(bFppy)2(pyim)]+ (bFppy = 2-(2-butoxy-4-fluorophenyl)pyridine and pyim = 2-(1H-Imidazol-2-yl)pyridine) was excellently prepared between 2-(1H-Imidazol-2-yl)pyridine and chloro-bridged iridium(III) dimer via reflux reaction. Butoxy functional group and fluorine atom were added to the phenyl ring of 2-phenylpyridine at positions 2 and 4 respectively, as cyclometalating ligand. The [Ir(bFppy)2(pyim)]+ complex was characterized by spectroscopic methods: FTIR, NMR, LCMS and UV-Vis absorption. The presence of two sharp peaks at 1256 cm-1 and 1129 cm-1 due to n(C–O) was revealed by IR analysis. The bands appear in the range of 1594-1567 cm-1 owing to the C=C and C=N aromatic ring stretching vibrations of phenyl and pyridine. The 1H NMR spectrum showed signals in the range of d 5.50–8.60 ppm corresponding to phenylpyridine and pyridylimidazole protons. In contrast, the proton signals in the range of d 0.80–4.50 ppm, assignable to butyl substituent. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed weaker and broader bands (333 nm and 376 nm) in the visible region due to the spin-forbidden 3MLCT transitions. The steady-state emission spectrum of the [Ir(bFppy)2(pyim)]+ complex in air-equilibrated methylene chloride solution at 298 K exhibited almost blue emission with a lmax at 466 nm. To support the experimental spectroscopic data, DFT and TD-DFT measurements were conducted using B3LYP in combination with the LanL2DZ basis set. The chemical shifts, vibrational modes and maximum absorptions of the [Ir(bFppy)2(pyim)]+ complex were relatively well reproduced.

Affordable housing remains a prevalent issue in the country. The definition suggests affordable housing as adequate housing in quality, location, and known as not so costly that prevents its occupants from meeting other essential living needs. In the effort of providing sufficient affordable housing, various affordable housing programs, namely Residensi Wilayah and PR1MA, are currently in the market with the aims to develop and deliver new affordable housing, which targeted the middle-and low-income group. Although the lacking of affordable housing persists, the severe glut in the property market has also records to reach an all-time high. The overhang crisis in the country became an infamous issue in the country with the slow market, which led to the increase in the overhang unit’s statistics year over a year which partially in affordable housing segmentation. It is highlighted that the overhang in affordable housing has shown significant rising despites of its strong demand. This paper attempts to examine the overhang issue in affordable housing in Malaysia and related factors. This research will add up some points of discussion as regards the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic towards the issue of affordable housing and the strategies in reducing the overhang issue during the pandemic. A review of the past literature related to the topics was carried out and data derived from journals, reports, and websites were gathered and examined to establish the framework on this issue and to identify the overhang factors in affordable housing. The developers are urged to build houses that can cater to the demand of buyers in terms of the property type, location, and also price range. The overhang units did not attract the target market while the product mismatch is one of the contributing factors. Other related factors are affordability, high living costs, and stagnant income growth, cooling measures, financing, unsuitable location, accessibility, the lack of timely and accurate data of buyer’s preference including the shift in demand towards the better-quality project. A study on the overhang factors of affordable housing is needed to resolve the issue, or else, the overhang issue will be worsened and will create a lot of negative impacts in the future. At the end of the research, the list of the property overhang factors and its framework able to be identified and to be used as guidelines and references to the public.

The study aimed at developing and evaluating a simple green electrochemistry experimental kit named Lectrofun 2.0. Lectrofun 2.0 is an educational kit equipped with a module built with the criteria of user-friendly, costeffective, and laboratory free. The basic concept of electrochemistry was introduced through a guided learning approach via the module. The objectives of this research were to (1) develop Lectrofun 2.0 module using green chemicals, recyclable and easily accessible materials and (2) evaluate the module effectiveness in terms of student achievement/understanding of the Electrochemistry topic. This is a Design and Development Research (DDR) using the ADDIE model as an instructional design model. The development phase involves the first objective of the study, while the evaluation phase involves the second objective. Total of 46 respondents of pre-post tests were involved in evaluating effectiveness of Lectrofun 2.0 in terms of student achievement/understanding of the topic. The findings showed that 73.9% of students from the treatment group showed 4-grade increment (from grade E to grade A). This study showed that Lectrofun 2.0 has a significant impact on enhancing learner comprehension of Electrochemistry topic, enjoyment in learning, and learning to care for the environment.

Because of their scientific relevance in the field of energy conversion, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have become a focus of major studies in the last two decades. At present, DSSC is generally either sensitized with inorganic dyes, metal-free organic dyes, or natural dyes. These dyes have emerged as potential alternatives to costly and scarce Ru-based dyes because of being economical, simple attainability, ease of preparation, and environmental friendliness. The majority of alternatives to Ru-based dyes have so far proved to be inferior to Ru-based dyes due to their fragility, narrow absorption bands, and unfavorable dye aggregation. The present review focuses on recent research about sensitizers comprising inorganic dyes, metal-free organic dyes, and natural dyes for DSSCs. Following the introduction, Section 2 describes the DSSC operation, including the essential operational principles and basic components of a DSSC. Section 3 introduces various photosensitizers used in DSSC, and Section 4 states the conclusion and outlook on the field of DSSC research. It also describes and summarizes related sensitizers and their efficiency.

One-dimensional bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II)-linked porphyrinatozinc(II) polymer, 2 were synthesized by facile metal complexation reaction between 5,15-bis(3,5-dioctyloxyphenyl)-10,20-bis(dipyrrinato)porphyrinatozinc(II), 1 and zinc(II) acetate. The bulky substituents on the porphyrin units allows 2 to be exfoliated into single molecular wires with a 2.8 nm height and 1.4 Om length. 2 exhibited promising photofunctionality derived from electronic interaction between bis(dipyrrinato)zinc and porphyrinatozinc(II) moieties, which can be engaged in energy transfer system such as photonic molecular wires.

This study reports on the preparation of novel zinc/aluminium layered double hydroxide intercalated clopyralid (Zn/Al-LDH-CP) nanocomposites fabricated via co-precipitation. An expansion of the interlayer gallery of Zn/Al-LDH for the accommodation of clopyralid was observed from the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern, confirming the occurrence of intercalation. The results from Fourier transform infrared and elemental analysis were consistent with those from PXRD, thus supporting the intercalation of clopyralid. The thermal studies showed that the nanocomposite had better thermal stability compared to pristine clopyralid. Based on these data, the chemical formula of the nanocomposite was proposed as [Zn0.75Al0.25(OH)(2)][C5H2Cl2NCOO](0.25)(-)0.67H(2)O, and the percentage loading of clopyralid in the interlayer gallery of Zn/Al-LDH was calculated to be 25.39 %. These characterisation results indicate a very promising future for this novel Zn/Al-LDH-CP nanocomposite.

Housing issue is one of the key challenges and has its social repercussions if not well managed. The numerous affordable housing programs have been introduced and intended to increase the supply of affordable housing. The programs are meant to alleviate the affordable housing issue in the country. Although the lacking units of affordable housing persists, the slow market trends have also led to an increase in overhang units. The number of property overhang partly in affordable housing units were reported increased continuously year over year and does not attract the target market nor able to cater the housing needs of the targeted house buyers. Industry players were of the opinion that the perceived slow demand in low cost housing units are mainly due to difficulty in securing financing, unsuitable location as well as a shift in demand towards better quality projects and other factors. The purpose of this study is to identify the current overhang scenario in affordable housing and factors that lead to the issues. There is a need to have an in-depth study in addressing the issues. Otherwise, the overhang will exert pressure on prices and rental in the market and gives impact in near future.

Sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant was intercalated into the layered zinc hydroxide salt for the successful adsolubilisation of poor water-soluble pesticide, thiacloprid. The intercalation of the dodecyl sulphate ion was confirmed by PXRD analysis with basal spacing 30.1 Å. The presence of thiacloprid into the interlayer gallery of zinc layered hydroxide also supported with Fourier transform infrared spectra and elemental analysis. Based on the thermal study, thiacloprid was thermally stable after the adsolubilisation compared to its solid form. The release of thiacloprid anions from the nanocomposite into an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate was governed by first-order kinetics. Whereas the release of thiacloprid into sodium sulphate and sodium chloride solution governed by parabolic diffusion kinetics model. In consideration of the obvious breakthrough made in the nanocomposite characterisation and release study, this nanocomposite could be a promising candidate for the profitable improvement of an environment-friendly pesticide formulation.

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) acts as a coating material for a magnesium-layered hydroxide-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionate (MLH-MPP) nanocomposite via spontaneous self-assembly. The resulting product is called a magnesium-layered hydroxide-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionate/carboxymethylcellulose (MLH-MPP/CMC) nanocomposite. The XRD pattern of the MLH-MPP/CMC nanocomposite showed that MPP was maintained in the interlayers of the MLH, thus confirming that CMC is only deposited on the surface of the MLH-MPP nanocomposite. These findings were also supported by FTIR spectra, SEM and TEM. TGA data showed that the thermal stability of the intercalated MPP was significantly enhanced compared to pure MPP and uncoated nanocomposite. The release of MPP from the interlayers of MLH-MPP/CMC nanocomposite showed slower release than did uncoated nanocomposite and followed pseudo–second-order kinetics. Since the herbicide, MPP was released from the synthesised nanocomposite in a sustained manner, thus, it has excellent potential to be used as a controlled-release herbicide formulation.

In this paper, a multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) paste electrode modified by a Zn layered hydroxide-ferulate (ZLH-F) was used for detection of hydroquinone (HQ). The morphology and characteristic of the ZLH-F/MWCNT was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimal conditions, the SWV response showed linear plot for HQ concentration in the range of 1.0×10 -5 M – 1.0×10 -3 M. The detection limit was found to be 5.7×10 -6 M and correlation coefficient of 0.9957. The glucose, fructose, sucrose, bisphenol A, acetaminophen, lysine, NO3 , Cl and SO4 2did not interfere the HQ response. This modified electrode can be used to determine HQ content in wastewater and cosmetic cream with range of recovery 97.8% 103.0%.

The pH effect on arrangement of a liquid crystal (LC) system was studied in short and rigid molecule (BDMT-Hg). 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol (BDMT) doped 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) was spontaneou...

[5,15-Di(4-aminophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrinato]zinc(ii) was found to electropolymerize on electrodes such as glassy carbon (GC), indium tin oxide (ITO), and tin oxide, to form a redox-active, stable, and reproducible π-conjugated polymer.

This review is devoted to porphyrinoids with N-arylamino groups tethered directly to their meso positions, the study of which has significantly progressed in the past two decades. After a brief introductory description, various synthetic procedures for these compounds are described. The third section focuses on their photochemical and electrochemical properties, and reviews the synergetic effects that arise between the porphyrinoids and the N-arylamino groups. Potential applications are then discussed, focusing on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).