For rare earth alloys, the indirect interaction of RKKY is at work between rare-earth atoms. Therefore, the magnetism of them depends on the number of conduction electrons and the distance between rare-earth metals. In this work, to reveal the relationship between the number of conduction electrons and magnetic property of rare earth metal alloys, magnetic susceptibility measurements for liquid Gd-NM (NM = Cu, Ga, Ge) was performed by Faraday method. As the results, it was observed that the sign of paramagnetic Curie temperature of Cu-Gd alloys are positive at all composition, while Ga-Gd and Ge-Gd alloys show negative paramagnetic Curie temperature at certain composition. Moreover, it was indicated when the alloy at certain composition shows highest melting temperature, it has the lowest paramagnetic Curie temperature.

Ionic conductivities σ for molten CuI and AgI-CuI mixtures were measured in the temperature ranges of approximately 580-800 and 500-850 °C, respectively. The value of σ for molten CuI in the range is smaller than that for molten CuBr and CuCl. σ for molten AgI-CuI mixtures decreases with increasing CuI-concentration. The activation energies Ea for molten AgI-CuI system were determined from the analysis of temperature dependence of σ by using the by Arrhenius type equation. Ea for molten AgI-CuI gradually increase with increasing CuIconcentration.

The magnetic susceptibilities χ of liquid Dy-Co and Er-Co alloys have a large and negative temperature coefficient, which suggests that the Dy, Er, and Co ions in their liquid alloys are in the magnetic state. However, the temperature dependence of χ in both systems becomes weak near the content of 70 at% Co. It is interesting that the compositional dependence of χ for liquid Dy-Co and Er-Co alloys has a minimum at content of 80 at% Co, respectively. On the Co-rich side, the magnetic susceptibility of liquid Dy-Co and Er-Co alloys obeyed the Curie-Weiss law with regard to their temperature dependence of χ. On the rare earth-rich side, the magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Dy-Co and Er-Co alloys also exhibited Curie behavior with a reasonable value for the effective number of Bohr magnetons. The compositional dependence of χ4f for liquid Dy-Co and Er- Co alloys was extracted by subtracting the corresponding data for liquid La-Co alloys from χ for the liquid Dy-Co and Er-Co alloys, respectively.

Liquid chalcogen-halogen A(2)X(2) (A: S, Se, X: Cl, Br) is a racemic mixture of enantiomers between left-handed (L) and right-handed (D) chiral molecules. The lone-pair orbital of the chalcogen atom significantly affects the molecular conformation and intermolecular interaction. The latter depends on the size of the orbital and number density. High-energy X-ray diffraction measurements and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) structural modelling were performed for liquid S2Cl2 in addition to the previous structural analysis for liquid Se2Br2. By comparing the structures of the RMC model and hard-sphere Monte Carlo (HSMC) model, the effect of refinement on the experimental structure factor can be analysed. In this paper, nearest-neighbour intermolecular pairs are classified in terms of enantiomer pairs such as like-pair (L-L and D-D) and unlike-pair (L-D). As a result, the effect of a strong intermolecular attractive interaction is detected in Se2Br2 as increasing the number of like-pairs with geometrical advantages from HSMC to RMC, whereas that of an intermolecular repulsive interaction is observed in S2Cl2 as elongation of the averaged intermolecular S-S distance from HSMC to RMC. These results are consistent with the results of the ab initio molecular dynamics simulation for Se2Cl2 and S2Cl2.[GRAPHICS]

Liquid Gd-TM (TM = Mn, Fe, Ni) alloys on the TM- rich side have relatively small and negative temperature coefficients of the magnetic susceptibility chi, which become large and negative with increasing Gd content. The large and negative temperature coefficient of chi for liquid Co gradually weakens at up to 70 at.% Co with the addition of Gd. Liquid Gd and GdcCo1-c alloys with c >= 0.5 also have a relatively large and negative temperature coefficient of chi. Liquid Gd-TM alloys on the Gd- rich side obey the Curie law. The magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Gd-Fe and Gd-Co alloys exhibit Curie-Weiss behavior on the TM- rich side. The dependence of. on the composition for liquid Gd-TM ( TM = Mn, Fe, Ni) alloys gradually increases with the Gd content, and that for liquid Gd-Co alloys has a minimum at the composition of 20 at.% Gd. The dependences of chi(3d) and chi(4f) on the composition due to the 3d- and 4f-electrons were analyzed by subtracting the corresponding data for liquid La-TM alloys from chi for the liquid Gd-TM alloys.

The magnetic susceptibility of liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au, Fe-Au and Cu-Au alloys was investigated as a function of temperature and composition. Liquid Cr1-cAuc with 0.5 ≤ c and Mn1-cAuc with 0.3≤c obeyed the Curie-Weiss law with regard to their dependence of χ on temperature. The magnetic susceptibilities of liquid Fe-Au alloys also exhibited Curie-Weiss behavior with a reasonable value for the effective number of Bohr magneton. On the Au-rich side, the composition dependence of χ for liquid TM-Au (TM=Cr, Mn, Fe) alloys increased rapidly with increasing TM content, respectively. Additionally, the composition dependences of χ for liquid Cr-Au, Mn-Au, and Fe-Au alloys had maxima at compositions of 50 at% Cr, 70 at% Mn, and 85 at% Fe, respectively. We compared the composition dependences of χ3d due to 3d electrons for liquid binary TM-M (M=Au, Al, Si, Sb), and investigated the relationship between χ3d and EF in liquid binary TM-M alloys at a composition of 50 at% TM.

The magnetic susceptibilities chi of liquid Ti-Sn and V-Sn alloys on the Sn-rich side have only a weak and positive temperature dependence, which suggests that Ti and V ions in the alloys are in the nonmagnetic state. Similarly, the chi values for liquid Co-Sn and Ni-Sn on the Sn-rich side are also in the nonmagnetic state. The data for nonmagnetic states can be analyzed using the Anderson model. Liquid Cr1-cSnc with c >= 0.5 and Mn1-cSnc with c >= 0.1 obey the Curie-Weiss law with regard to the dependence of chi on temperature. The chi for liquid Fe-Sn, Co1-cSnc with c <= 0.5, and Ni1-cSnc with c <= 0.1 also exhibited Curie-Weiss behavior. The compositional dependence of the chi for liquid alloys has a maximum at 50 at.% Cr for Cr-Sn, 70 at.% Mn for Mn-Sn, and 90 at.% Fe for Fe-Sn. In the present work, the compositional dependence of chi(3d) due to 3d electrons was compared for liquid binary transition metal-metal (TM-M; M = Sn, Ge, Si) alloys restricted to the M of tetravalent liquid metals. We found the inverse correlation of the magnitude of chi(3d) with the Fermi level E-F, obtained at a composition of 50 at.% TM for liquid binary TM-M alloys.

High-energy x-ray diffraction measurements on molten Ag(2)Se were performed. Partial structure factors and radial distribution functions were deduced by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) structural modelling on the basis of our new x-ray and earlier published neutron diffraction data. These partial functions were compared with those of molten AgI. Both AgI and Ag(2)Se have a superionic solid phase prior to melting. New RMC structural modelling for molten AgI was performed to revise our previous model with a bond-angle restriction to reduce the number of unphysical Ag triangles. The refined model of molten AgI revealed that isolated unbranched chains formed by Ag ions are the cause of the medium-range order of Ag. In contrast with molten AgI, molten Ag(2)Se has 'cage-like' structures with approximately seven Ag ions surrounding a Se ion. Connectivity analysis revealed that most of the Ag ions in molten Ag(2)Se are located within 2.9 Å of each other and only small voids are found, which is in contrast to the wide distribution of Ag-void radii in molten AgI. It is conjectured that the collective motion of Ag ions through small voids is required to realize the well-known fast diffusion of Ag ions in molten Ag(2)Se, which is comparable to that in molten AgI.

Ionic conductivities of molten (RbX)c(AgX)1-c (X = Cl and I) mixtures were measured to clarify the concentration effects of silver ions on ionic conductivities of molten silver halides. It is found that the addition of RbX to molten AgX rapidly reduces the ionic conductivity with 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.4. It suggests that strong Ag-Ag correlation is necessary to fast conduction of Ag ions in molten state. The absolute values of ionic conductivity for (RbCl)c(AgCl)1-c are larger than those for (RbI)c(AgI)1-c mixtures at all compositions. These differences might relate to difference of diffusion constant between Cl- and I- and difference of effective charge carried by an ion between molten AgCl and AgI

The electrical conductivity, σ, and the thermoelectric power, S, have been measured for molten CuCl-Cu2Se mixtures as a function of composition and temperature. The electrical conductivity of their mixtures decreases rapidly with the addition of CuCl to liquid Cu2Se. The thermoelectric power of molten CuCl-Cu2Se mixtures shows a steady increase with increasing the composition of CuCl. The experimental results suggest that the dominant transport process in the molten CuCl-Cu2Se mixtures changes from electronic to ionic conduction. The composition dependence of σ and S was analyzed by using the fundamental equation of electrical current densities due to the electrons and the ions. According to this analysis, the conductivity gap increases gradually on the addition of CuCl to liquid Cu2Se and the conductivity gap is about 0.68 eV for molten (CuCl)0.3(Cu2Se)0.7 mixture.

In Ag-based superionic melts, medium-range order in the Ag–Ag partial correlation relating to the fast ionic conducting path of Ag ions was analyzed as a function of Ag concentration. High energy x-ray diffraction measurements for molten Ag 2 Se and (Ag 2 Se) x (AgI) 1- x mixtures and (RbI) y (AgI) 1- y were carried out. In molten (Ag 2 Se) x (AgI) 1- x mixtures, a first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) is not observed in the total structure factor for x = 0.2 and 0.3. On the other hand, molten (RbI) y (AgI) 1- y mixture have a FSDP at small Q region than that of molten AgI. It may suggest that the correlation length of the fluctuation of Ag distribution varies with Ag concentration. In the reverse Monte Carlo analysis for molten Ag 2 Se, it is confirmed that the FSDP of Ag–Ag partial structure factor shifts to short length side compared with molten AgI.