Oncologic defects of the head and neck require a detailed understanding of regional anatomy to optimize and simplify reconstruction. While free tissue transfer has become the standard bearer for most soft tissue defects, local flaps still remain a high-quality, reliable option. The internal mammary vasculature provides predictable perforators to the chest wall skin that can be transposed to lower neck wounds. Paired arteries and veins perforate through the second and third rib interspaces to perfuse skin overlying the parasternal and infraclavicular areas. Donor site morbidity is minimal with primary closure performed in most occasions. This flap is ideal for smaller esophageal fistulae, paratracheal wounds, and neck incisional dehiscence.

: Descrever o ligamento anterolateral (LAL) do joelho e estabelecer seus pontos anatômicos de origem e inserção e suas medidas.: Foram feitas dissecções da região anterolateral do joelho em seis cadáveres. Após isolamento do LAL, medidas de comprimento, espessura e largura foram feitas, assim como seus locais de origem e inserção. A origem do LAL foi documentada com base na sua distância ântero-posterior e proximal- distal em relação à origem do ligamento colateral lateral. A inserção foi documentada com base no tubérculo de Gerdy, a cartilagem do planalto tibial lateral e o menisco lateral. Nas duas primeiras dissecções, o ligamento foi removido e enviado para análise histológica.: O LAL foi observado com clareza nas dissecções de todos os seis joelhos. Sua origem no epicôndilo lateral apresentou uma média 0,5 mm distal e 2,5 mm anterior à origem do LCL. Na tíbia foram observadas duas inserções, uma mais proximal no menisco lateral e outra mais distal entre o tubérculo de Gerdy e a cabeça da fíbula, cerca de 4,5 mm distal à cartilagem articular da tíbia. As medidas encontradas do ligamento foram: comprimento médio de 35,1 mm, largura média de 6,8 mm e espessura média de 2,6 mm. Na análise histológica dos ligamentos foi observada presença de tecido conectivo denso.: O LAL do joelho é uma estrutura constante na região anterolateral. Sua origem no fêmur é anterior e distal à origem do LCL. Na tíbia, apresenta duas inserções, no menisco lateral e entre o tubérculo de Gerdy e a cabeça da fíbula.Describe the knee anterolateral ligament (ALL) and establish its anatomical marks of origin and insertion.Dissection of the anterolateral aspect of the knee was performed in six cadavers. After isolation of the ALL, its lenght, width and thickness were measured as its places of origin and insertion. The ALL origin was documented in relation to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) origin and the insertion was documented in relation to the Gerdy tubercle, fibullar head and lateral meniscus. After the first two dissections, the ligament was removed and sent to histologycal analysis.The ALL was clearly identified in all knees. Its origin in the lateral epycondile was on average 0.5 mm distal and 2.5 mm anterior to the LCL. In the tibia, two insertions were observed, one in the lateral meniscus and another in the proximal tibia, about 4.5 mm distal to the articular cartilage, between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibullar head. The average measures obtained were: 35.1 mm lenght, 6.8 mm width and 2.6 mm thickness. In the ligament histological analysis, dense connective tissue was observed.The ALL is a constant structure in the knee anterolateral region. Its origin is anterior and distal to the LCL origin. In the tibia, it has two insertions, one in the lateral meniscus and another in the proximal tibia between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibullar head.

Accumulated experience shows that resorbable ostheosynthesis is a reliable alternative to the titanium osteosyntesis used in most clinical cases. The object of this work is to presented our experience in the use of resorbable material in ortognathic surgery, and to analyze their advantajes and disadvantages with regard to titanium.