BackgroundQuality in use (QiU), a stakeholder-centered dimension of software quality encompassing effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and freedom from risk, is essential in evaluating digital systems, particularly in health-related domains. Although QiU has been explored in various fields, its application within connected mental health (CMH) systems remains fragmented and understudied. Given the rapid rise in CMH technologies, ranging from mobile apps to teletherapy platforms, understanding how QiU is conceptualized, evaluated, and reported in this domain has become increasingly urgent. ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically map and synthesize existing research on QiU in CMH applications. It seeks to identify current trends, research gaps, evaluation methods, and the range of technologies examined concerning QiU. MethodsA systematic mapping methodology following the guidelines by Petersen et al will be used. The process includes defining mapping questions, developing a classification scheme, and systematically searching and analyzing peer-reviewed literature from databases—Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library. Eight mapping questions will guide the analysis, focusing on publication trends, research types, empirical evaluations, QiU characteristics and subcharacteristics, and technologies studied. ResultsAs this paper presents the protocol for an ongoing mapping study, results are not yet available. The literature search and data analysis are scheduled for completion in 2026. Preliminary screening suggests variability in how QiU is defined and evaluated across CMH technologies, highlighting the need for systematic synthesis. ConclusionsThis systematic mapping study will fill a critical gap by providing a comprehensive overview of QiU research in the context of CMH. By organizing and classifying the existing literature, the study will inform future research, support the development of more user-centered CMH tools, and contribute to establishing more consistent evaluation practices in this growing field. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/79611

Introduction Patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) offer benefits, such as supporting self-management and care engagement. However, some patients, particularly those with mental health conditions, might experience negative emotions such as worry when reading unexpected or sensitive information in their PAEHRs. Methods A web-based survey of 4459 respondents distributed via the Finnish national patient portal included multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Respondents consisted of two patient groups who had received care either for 1) mental health or 2) other conditions. Inductive content analysis was performed to explore the kind of information that was perceived as sensitive in the PAEHR. Associations between sociodemographic factors including the type of care and reporting health information as sensitive were calculated via the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results Mental health (61.3%), and intimate health (8.3%) were the most frequently mentioned as especially sensitive types of information among respondents, who also stressed that the sensitive nature of the health information depended on the context. Within the mental health information type, therapy or treatment was most often mentioned (3.5%) as sensitive. Respondents who had received mental health care were significantly more likely to perceive certain information as sensitive (53.2%) than other patients (28.8%; Adjusted OR=2.783, 95% CI=[2.333, 3.319], p<0.001). Conclusions This study delves into the sensitive character of mental health information within PAEHR. The sensitivity of information also depends on the consequences for the patients when data will be used in another context. Documenting sensitive information carefully and safeguarding it is recommended to maintain trust in electronic health records and healthcare.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-supported automated triage systems that incorporate auto-anamnesis, algorithmic triage, and text-based communication with healthcare professionals are increasingly deployed to optimize workflows and expand access to care. However, their influence on the work engagement and psychological wellbeing of healthcare professionals remains underexplored. Using self-determination theory as an analytical lens, we examined how the design and functionality shape nurses' experiences of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are three core psychological needs essential for sustaining intrinsic motivation and engagement. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 29 nurses and complemented by contextual inquiries. Our findings reveal that while the system streamlines routine tasks and information organization, it simultaneously constrains nurses' ability to exercise professional judgement, manage their workflow, and sustain meaningful social interactions. Rigid triage logic, fragmented system integration, and the loss of subtle communicative cues in text-based consultations challenge autonomy and competence. Moreover, altered work practices affect collegiality and emotional connection with patients. This study contributes to the human-computer interaction discourse by demonstrating how AI-supported healthcare automation interacts with professionals' motivational dynamics and by highlighting design directions to better align AI-supported automated triage systems with users' psychological needs and working conditions.

Background:Patients' access to their electronic health record (EHR) supports their participation and satisfaction with care. Despite the benefits, some patients have been upset after reading their EHR. Additionally, health care professionals are concerned that patients, particularly those with mental health conditions, may be offended, and they have expressed a need for further guidelines on how to write EHRs. Experiences among various patient groups are essential to support the relationship between patients and professionals. However, prior studies have often focused on single patient groups or specific clinical contexts, leaving a limited understanding of differences across multiple patient groups. Objective:This study aimed to determine whether certain patient groups are more likely to feel offended while reading their EHRs and which information is perceived as offensive and to provide a comparison across multiple patient groups using a mixed methods approach. Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted via the Finnish national patient portal using a web-based patient survey, adopting a mixed methods approach. The survey included multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The total sample comprised 4681 respondents. The survey respondents were placed into 4 patient groups: those who had received care for mental health, cancer, or other conditions and those who had received no care. Associations between the type of care and patients who felt offended were estimated using multivariate binary logistic regression. Inductive content analysis (n=502) was conducted to identify information perceived as offensive in the EHR. Results:The patients who had received mental health care (166/654, 25.4%) or cancer and mental health care (9/39, 23.1%) were more likely to be offended by information in their EHR compared to the other groups (cancer care: 37/375, 9.9%; other conditions care: 383/3316, 11.6%; no care: 22/206, 10.7%; other conditions care: odds ratio 0.37, 95% CI 0.29-0.46; P<.001; model A). Additionally, female patients, those with bad or very bad health conditions, and patients with bachelor's or master's degrees were significantly more likely to feel offended. Errors, the health care professionals' disrespectful language, and perceived unnecessary information were the most frequently mentioned reasons for being offended. Patients with mental health care reported more often that unnecessary information and professionals' opinions and word choices were experienced as offensive compared to other patients. Conclusions:This study contributes new knowledge by identifying differences across multiple patient groups. Although a minority of patients felt offended by their EHR, health care professionals should consider that some patients, particularly those who have received mental health care or cancer and mental health care, may be offended by specific information or word choices in their EHRs. To address this, health care professionals should receive education on how to write their notes in a neutral tone and avoid potentially offensive topics. Improving the quality of EHRs could strengthen the relationship between patients and professionals.

Biomimicry, the method of emulating nature's functions, strategies, and systems, offers a transformative perspective for designing intuitive, sustainable, and regenerative Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) systems. The complexity of human-computer interactions, particularly within domains such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and wearable technology, demands interfaces and interactions that are not only intuitive but also transparently integrated into users’ environments. Beyond this, when HCI is situated within the context of global challenges, like climate change and biodiversity loss, design approaches need to engage understanding of nonhuman needs and perspectives to ensure that solutions are not only human-centered but also aligned with ecological sustainability. Biomimicry, as a transdisciplinary methodology, offers an approach for knowledge transfer by blending human and nonhuman perspectives. The mimicry of functions, strategies, and systems found in nature enables to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical, actionable applications for interaction design. Furthermore, by co-developing theoretical perspectives on design methodologies with industry partners, it becomes possible to align the biomimicry process with design strategies and company roadmaps, leading to the creation of responsible designs that mitigate unintended consequences on ecosystems. This paper synthesizes insights from two workshops held at Uppsala University in 2023 and 2024, which explored biomimicry's potential to address emerging challenges in HCI by examining the shift from screen-based to immersive scene-based interaction, integrating human and nonhuman perspectives to inspire new collaborative approaches and partnerships for more-than-human participatory design.

Background: Informal caregivers (ICs), often family members or close friends, provide essential support to individuals with head and neck cancer. However, they are frequently unprepared for the emotional, practical, and medical challenges involved. Web-based applications offer promising opportunities to support ICs, but their long-term adoption and acceptance remain uncertain. Objective: This paper presents the development of Carer eSupport, a web-based application to support ICs' well-being and preparedness for caregiving. We detail the design and functionality of the Carer eSupport application and explain how it responds to both the functional and psychological needs of ICs. Additionally, we report findings from the pilot study and highlight the initial challenges ICs faced when engaging with the application, along with the strategies used to overcome them. Methods: The study involved a multicenter research trial across ear, nose, and throat clinics and oncology and radiotherapy clinics at 4 university hospitals in Sweden. The application was developed through 3 human-centered design (HCD) iterations involving ICs, health care professionals, and researchers in human-computer interaction and cancer care. Results: The results present an overview of the current version of Carer eSupport (developed during the third design iteration), with a focus on features that address the psychological needs of ICs, including competence, autonomy, and a sense of connection to others. The pilot study achieved a 66.7% (20/30) consent rate, a 75% (9/12) successful login rate among participants, and a 13.3% (4/30) attrition rate, meeting the established criteria. The pilot study confirmed the application's readiness for further evaluation in an ongoing randomized controlled trial. It also identified challenges, including the time constraints of ICs, login and authentication issues, limited IT infrastructure, and gaps in digital literacy. Conclusions: Findings from the HCD process and pilot study indicate that a personalized, interactive application like Carer eSupport can provide meaningful support for ICs of individuals with head and neck cancer. The integration of HCD and health care science offers early guidance for developing digital tools that are both evidence-based and empathetic, with potential relevance beyond caregiving contexts. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05028452, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05028452 and NCT06307418, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06307418 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s12885-024-12273-y

Academia-industry collaborations are vital for tackling complex, real-world challenges in Interaction Design. This paper explores the collaborative process of a project focused on integrating digital tools and automation in the aviation industry. Using the Multi-Grounded Action Research (MGAR) framework, we analyse how theoretical, empirical, and practical dimensions informed and shaped the collaboration. Emphasising the process over specific research outcomes, the paper provides insights into stakeholder engagement, iterative decision-making, and integrating diverse knowledge sources. The findings reveal that while socio-technical systems theory and participatory design principles guided the collaboration, practical implementation often required navigating competing priorities and addressing usability issues. Empirical data from aviation workers and managers highlighted the benefits of digital tools, such as reduced cognitive load and ergonomic improvements and their limitations, including increased technostress and operational inefficiencies. The study also explores how the fixed project plan occasionally conflicted with the iterative demands of action research and Interaction Design. The paper concludes with lessons for fostering impactful academia-industry collaborations, emphasising the importance of flexibility, stakeholder alignment, a shared language between collaborators, and actionable research outcomes. These insights contribute to bridging the gap between academic research and industry practice, offering a model for future projects seeking to advance Interaction Design through collaborative methodologies.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into enterprise information systems (EIS) transforms user experience (UX) collaboration but introduces complex design tensions. This study develops the HCAI-CUX framework to address tensions related to bias, transparency, stakeholder alignment, and automation. Drawing on a structured scoping review and thematic synthesis, six key tensions were identified and mapped to five Human-Centered AI (HCAI) principles. The resulting framework offers actionable guidance for aligning ethical values with AI-enhanced UX practices in enterprise settings, contributing to more inclusive, trustworthy, and scalable design outcomes.

Public authorities face significant challenges when procuring software systems that effectively support their operations and employees. The mandatory Request for Proposal (RFP) process often prioritizes cost and technical specifications, with limited attention to the usability and user experience (UX) of the new system for users. This paper addresses this gap by exploring how usability and UX as performance factors in the RFP can be systematically integrated into the tendering process for public sector procurement. Drawing on collaboration between academic researchers and practitioners, the study examines two case studies: (1) the selection of an agile development team through RFP for developing a financial support application and (2) the selection of an already developed collaboration and information management system (CIMS) through RFP for government ministries. In the first case, team collaboration, UX focus of the team, and code quality were evaluated as performance factors in the selection criteria in parallel with the estimated cost of developing the system. In the second case, the selection factors were cost and quality, including usability metrics such as effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. These cases illustrate how research-practitioner collaboration can bridge the gap between academic principles and professional practices, advancing the design and procurement of software that extends the usability and UX of the procured systems. The findings contribute actionable insights into enhancing public sector RFPs by integrating usability and UX as performance factors.

Background Video consultations (VCs) are effective and beneficial, yet their use is being discontinued, and there is a preference for face-to-face consultations. Objective This study investigates how patients and health care professionals (HCPs) perceive patients’ introduction to VCs, who use them, and what drives their use in Swedish primary care. Methods Six focus group interviews with 27 HCPs and 13 individual interviews with patients in primary care were conducted between August 2022 and May 2023. The interviews examined VC implementation and were analyzed using rapid assessment procedures. Results A total of five themes were identified: (1) challenging start with unprepared users and immature technology; (2) users and nonusers are perceived to have different characteristics, needs, and circumstances; (3) patient-related drivers: based on patients’ preferences and opportunities; (4) HCP-related drivers: clinical suitability, assessment of patient needs, and preferences; and (5) societal and organizational drivers: the pandemic, demographics, and infrastructure. Patients and HCPs described the introduction of VCs as rushed and confusing, with limited guidance and support (theme 1). HCPs struggled to assist patients due to a lack of training and limited access to the patient-facing interface (theme 1). VC users were typically perceived as younger, digitally literate, and motivated by convenience or urgency, while older adults and those with language or cognitive barriers were often assumed to be nonusers (theme 2). VC use was shaped by patient preferences, accessibility, and clinical urgency (theme 3), as well as by HCPs’ professional judgment and convenience (theme 4). Assumptions held by HCPs about patients’ digital skills and preferences influenced whether VCs were offered, while patients’ own assumptions about complexity or suitability affected whether they accepted them. Broader factors, such as digital infrastructure, platform usability, reimbursement policies, and the COVID-19 pandemic, also significantly influenced use (theme 5). Conclusions The rushed implementation potentially deterred some patients and HCPs from use. Misguided preconceptions and biases negatively influenced VC use and risked reinforcing existing disparities and contributing to digital exclusion. In addition, HCPs’ and patients’ preferences, which were related to their needs, waiting times, and different circumstances, and potentially misguided judgments of appropriateness, influenced VC use. Lastly, infrastructure, reimbursement, sociodemographics, and organizational type also drive VC use. To support more sustainable and equitable use of VC in primary care, developers should optimize VC applications’ usability, implementers should deploy multiple strategies, health care providers should consider the potential of VC in care delivery, and policymakers should increase digital readiness. Further research should evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies for introducing patients to VCs, explore younger patients’ and nonusers’ perspectives, characteristics of HCP users, and differences between professional roles, as well as between consultation types.

Despite the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in professional environments, its implications for employee engagement are not yet well understood. Hence, this study examines how AI technologies impact employee engagement in the IT sector. The study consisted of 28 semi-structured interviews with IT professionals, recruited in Sweden. The responses were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using the job demands-resource framework. The findings reveal that AI can enhance work engagement by reducing repetitive tasks, supporting learning, and increasing the meaningfulness of work. However, AI also introduces new demands, including cognitive overload, skill relevance uncertainty, and concerns about tool reliability and leadership support. Theoretically, the findings highlight the need to adapt the Job Demands Resources model to account for the dynamic, context-dependent nature of digital technologies, such as AI. This suggests the emergence of a concept we term Digital Work Engagement, a positive and fulfilling user experience of vigor, dedication, and absorption based on the worker's interactions with and relation to technology in the workplace. Practically, the study offers guidance for designers and managers on fostering work engagement by aligning AI development and integration with professional growth, autonomy, and support. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS AI simultaneously shapes job resources and demands in IT work.Introduces Digital Work Engagement as a technology-mediated construct.With support and foundations for use, AI enhances work engagement by enabling meaningful work.AI obstruct work engagement through demands of cognitive load, uncertainty, and distrust.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) transforms our technological interactions, including new capabilities and concerns about biases and misuse. In the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), previous research has investigated generative AI in relation to human-centred AI, user trust, user experience, design work, co-creativity, and user personas. This study applies the theoretical lens of affordances and constraints to ask the question: Which affordances and constraints of generative AI can be identified in human-computer interaction research? The study employs a scoping literature review approach to collect data from the Web of Science Core Collection databases. The query string combined keywords, such as “generative”, “artificial intelligence”, and “human computer interaction”, with Boolean operators AND and OR. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in the screening of 156 identified articles, from which a total of 37 were selected for inclusion in the study. An initial categorization matrix, based on the theory of affordances, was used to conduct a deductive thematic analysis. The analysis followed the guidelines for thematic analysis suggested by Braun and Clarke. The investigation identified seven key themes, with included sub-themes, illustrating the varied applications and potential effects of generative AI. The seven key themes are: 1) improving algorithms, 2) collaborative work, 3) education support, 4) truth issues, 5) biases, 6) ethical considerations, and 7) consequences for job market. The study further highlights the importance of considering contextual differences and short-term and long-term consequences when applying GAI technologies, as well as ethical considerations, such as ethical and legal accountability. The paper concludes with a novel conceptual model for affordances and constraints of generative AI, informing future research, guiding stakeholders’ use and implementation, and providing design recommendations for generative AI systems across various sectors.

Patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) aim to enhance patient engagement by providing access to clinical information, thus strengthening patient-clinician relationships. In Sweden, implementation of a national PAEHR began in 2012, and reached nationwide scale-up in 2018, when all residents above the age of 16 were provided online record access (ORA). Adoption and use has seen a steady increase over time. This study compares data from two national patient surveys conducted in Sweden (in 2016 and 2022) regarding patients' experiences and usage of Patient-Accessible Electronic Health Records (PAEHRs). The aim is to explore and understand possible changes in patients’ reasons for, and perceived value of, use. The study also addresses the quality of communication with healthcare and information types provided. The Swedish national surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2022. They collected data on patients' experiences with PAEHRs, including demographic information, reasons for using PAEHRs, and perceived impacts on communication with healthcare providers. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests, were used to compare responses between the two surveys. The 2016 survey included responses from 2,587 patients, while the 2022 survey included 13,008 respondents. Key findings indicate an increase in the positive perception of PAEHRs over the six years. In 2022, 72.3% of respondents reported that PAEHRs supported communication with healthcare professionals, compared to 60.0% in 2016 (p < .001). The primary reason for using PAEHRs shifted from general interest in 2016 to prepare for healthcare visits in 2022. There was also a notable increase in patients valuing access to their lab test results, from 95.0% in 2016 to 97.8% in 2022 (p < .001). Demographic analysis revealed that among those taking part in the survey, a higher proportion of older adults and individuals with higher education were among the respondents in the 2022 survey, however, the differences were not statistically significant. The study demonstrates that the overall highly positive patient attitude towards and usage of PAEHRs in 2016 persisted and was strengthened in 2022. The findings point to the growing importance of PAEHRs in enhancing patient engagement and communication with healthcare providers. This research contributes valuable insights into the evolving landscape of eHealth services and their impact on patient-centered care.

Understanding how connected mental health (CMH) tools affect the work environment of mental health clinicians requires carefully designed qualitative inquiry. This paper presents an experience report detailing the iterative development of a semi-structured interview guide used to explore clinicians’ experiences with CMH. The process involved internal workshops, feedback from experts, and pilot testing. Each stage contributed to refining the guide’s clarity, contextual relevance, and alignment with the study’s objectives. The final guide comprised 9 screening questions, 12 background questions, and 10 main interview questions, which were reduced and refined from an initial set of 21 interview questions across three thematic areas; pilot feedback led to revisions in the form of more concrete prompts and clarified language. While semi-structured interviews are widely used in health technology research, the development process is often underreported. By presenting our iterative design process, we highlight how interview guide development can be conceived, validated, and refined to enhance methodological rigor. This paper offers practical insights for researchers conducting qualitative studies in healthcare and technology settings, particularly those working on eliciting perceptions and experiences with CMH.

BackgroundMany mental health professionals face work-related stress due to high job demands, limited control, and inadequate institutional support. Connected mental health (CMH) technologies such as mobile apps and teletherapy platforms are increasingly being proposed as tools to alleviate these job demands. However, their actual influence on clinicians’ work environments—here understood as the organizational, social, and psychological conditions that shape their workload, job demands, autonomy, and overall well-being—remains underexplored. Existing reviews have primarily focused on traditional organizational interventions, leaving a critical gap in understanding how CMH technologies specifically influence the work environment of mental health clinicians. ObjectiveThis systematic literature review aims to identify and summarize knowledge about the impact of CMH on the work environment of mental health clinicians. MethodsA systematic literature review will be performed. The review follows PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and has been registered in PROSPERO on April 23, 2025. A comprehensive search strategy was developed using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework in collaboration with an academic librarian. Studies will be sourced from the PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library databases. Inclusion criteria are limited to empirical studies involving mental health clinicians using CMH tools, where outcomes explicitly relate to the work environment (eg, job demands, workload, autonomy, stress, or well-being). Eligible studies must be published in English. Data extraction will include publication trends, study methods, and types of CMH technologies. Additionally, the extraction will capture the study results, including qualitative and quantitative findings, along with the measurement instruments used. Two reviewers will independently select articles for review and extract data. Conflicts will be discussed, and a third reviewer will be consulted if a consensus cannot be reached. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis (via NVivo) will be used to synthesize the findings. ResultsThis systematic literature review seeks to explore and synthesize existing research on how CMH technologies affect clinicians’ work environments and is expected to be completed by December 2025. ConclusionsThis review will offer a comprehensive overview of how CMH technologies affect the professional work environment of clinicians. Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD420251018685; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251018685 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/76668

BackgroundPatients are increasingly being offered online record access (ORA) through patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs), but implementation is often met with resistance from health care professionals (HCPs). Experiences from previous implementations may provide important insights into potential barriers and facilitators. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the implementation of the Swedish PAEHR system in primary care from the perspectives of HCPs. MethodsWe conducted 14 semistructured interviews with a diverse group of HCPs shortly after the implementation of the Swedish PAEHR system. The interviews were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and content analysis, identifying key themes related to PAEHR implementation. ResultsThe analysis identified several potential factors influencing the implementation of the Swedish PAEHR system. According to the HCPs, the PAEHR system was flawed but also flexible. The HCPs described working in a complex and imperfect organization, which nonetheless had an existing structure, support, and established communication with patients. They also described nondocumentation-related use of the electronic health record system. Moreover, they reported dealing with a complicated patient group with varying needs and high expectations. The HCPs expressed that they worked in a patient-centered way and with patient engagement. The HCPs could see both the advantages and disadvantages of the PAEHR system and had some concerns. There were mixed views of the extent of the change, where some felt patient ORA would not affect their work at all and others expected a substantial impact. Some HCPs had experience using the PAEHR system themselves, while some lacked knowledge and interest. Furthermore, the implementation process was perceived as long and uneventful, with fragmented communication, where existing communication activities were used. The HCPs also reported receiving some information and education about PAEHRs outside the organization. The HCPs had limited awareness of how patients were introduced to the PAEHR system. ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of having a usable electronic health record system and addressing organizational issues, such as issues with the work environment, for optimal implementation of eHealth services such as the PAEHR system. It also highlights the importance of HCPs’ views and experiences with their patients, and their perceptions and attitudes toward the intervention. Additionally, this study stresses the importance of effective implementation processes and communication strategies for both HCPs and patients.

The increasing use of artificial intelligence within educational practice raises many important questions about the future role of pedagogical concepts long considered fundamental. One such example is the notion that understanding comes about through forms of explanation. Given the lack of transparency in current generative AI models, it is reasonable to ask what impact this will have on the need for explanations within teaching and what this means for its relationship to student understanding. Will the widespread use of generative AI technologies result in enhanced learning opportunities or does it mean that students will simply offload crucial parts of the learning process without any compensatory benefits? While research in Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) continues to grow, there remains a significant gap in incorporating educational research perspectives. Most AIEd research is dominated by those with an engineering background, focusing heavily on technological design and development. This engineering-centric approach may often overlook the viewpoints of educational researchers and teachers, leading to a narrow understanding of AI's role in educational settings. This paper takes a distinctly educational research perspective, examining how AI-driven tools may be shaped to enhance learning, understanding, and competency in contemporary education.

Adopting health information systems (HISs), including electronic health records (EHRs), has transformed clinical workflows, but their impact on pharmacists still needs to be explored. This study examines clinical pharmacists' experiences with EHRs, focusing on challenges and facilitators in managing electronic medication orders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six clinical pharmacists at a large Swedish University Hospital. Thematic analysis identified three challenges: navigating intricate medication orders, suboptimal decision support features, and issues arising from disjointed information systems. Facilitators encompass enhanced collaboration with physicians, safety-enhancing features, and expanded system permissions, enabling clinical pharmacists to take on broader responsibilities. While HISs support pharmacists in safe medication use, usability issues remain. The findings highlight the need to consider pharmacists' perspectives on EHR optimisation and usability.