The microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar arc stud weldments between ASTM Monel 400 and ASTM F568 steel stud were investigated. Welding currents of 400, 525, and 800 A with welding times of 0.2-0.4 s were used. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed for microstructural analysis. Mechanical properties were assessed through torque strength and microhardness tests. The fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of Monel 400 displayed columnar grains, while reinforcement fillet grains were equiaxed. SEM revealed solidification cracks at high currents. Increasing temperature transformed the steel stud's microstructure. XRD analysis identified FeNi3, CuNi, and martensite as primary phases in the FZ. Ni and Cu diffused into the steel HAZ, while C and Fe migrated toward Monel 400. The welded joints achieved peak torque strength of 70 N center dot m at 525 A and 0.3 s, with failure in the stud shank. A hardness of 703 HV was detected in the steel stud's HAZ at 800 A and 0.3 s. Higher welding current increased the hardening depth and martensite formation in FZ and HAZ, affecting mechanical performance.

This study investigates the new surface development on AA6061 and AA5086 alloys considering the wire-arc additive manufacturing technique as a direct energy deposition (DED) process of wire. Two different quantities of MWCNTs, i.e., 0.01 (low) and 0.02 (high) g, with a constant nickel (Ni) weight (0.2 g) were pre-placed in the created square patterns. ER4043 filler was used as a wire for additive deposition, and an arc was generated through a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding source. Furthermore, hardness and pin-on-disk wear-testing methods were employed to measure the changes at the surfaces with the abovementioned inducements. This work was designed to illustrate the hardness and the offered wear resistance in terms of mass loss of the AA6061 and AA5086 aluminum alloys with the function of nano-inducements. Two sliding distance values of 500 m and 600 m were selected for the wear analysis of mass loss from tracks. A maximum increase in hardness for AA6061 and AA5086 alloys was observed in the experiments, with average values of 70.76 HRB and 74.86 HRB, respectively, at a high mass content of MWCNTs. Moreover, the tribological performance of the modified surfaces improved with the addition of MWCNTs with Ni particles in a broader sense; the modified surfaces performed exceptionally well for AA5086 compared to AA6061 with 0.02 and 0.01 g additions, respectively. The system reported a maximum of 38.46% improvement in mass loss for the AA5086 alloy with 0.02 g of MWCNTs. Moreover, the morphological analysis of the developed wear tracks and the mechanism involved was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.

In this study, a simple in situ technique followed by hydrothermal method is used to synthesize a novel tremella-like structure of ZIF-67Co(OH)F@Co3O4/CC metal-organic framework (MOF) derived from zeolite imidazole. The in situ synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) increases their conductivity and produces more active sites for ion insertion. Their unique, scalable design not only provides more space to accommodate volume change but also facilitates electrolyte penetration into the electrode resulting in more active materials being utilized and ion-electron transfer occurring faster during the cycle. As a result, the binder-free ZIF-67Co(OH)F@Co3O4/CC supercapacitor electrode exhibits typical pseudo-capacitance behaviour, with a specific capacitance of 442 F g(-1) and excellent long-term cycling stability of 90% after 5000 cycles at 10 A g(-1).

This study was conducted to determine the indentation behavior of thin AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) in the as-built condition along with two post-treatments, namely solution heat treatment and artificial aging. Four different thicknesses of 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 2.5 mm of SLM specimens, with the different post-treatments, underwent standardized Rockwell hardness tests using a spherical indenter to determine their hardness values and assess the impression using a stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The as-built specimens showed a trend of smaller indentation depths with increasing specimen thickness, and finally creased with 0.1547 mm depth at 2.5 mm. However, the post-treatments altered the behavior of the specimens to a certain degree, giving larger experimental indentation depths of 0.2204 mm, 0.1962 mm, and 0.1798 mm at 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.5 mm thickness, respectively, after solution heat treatment. Artificial aging showed a general decrease in indentation depth with increasing specimen thickness in contrast to solution treatment, and resulted in depths of 0.1888 mm and 0.1596 mm at 1.0 mm and 2.5 mm thickness. Furthermore, a material numerical model was made using stress–strain data on ANSYS Workbench to develop a predictive model for the indentation behavior of the specimens in contrast to experimentation. Under multi-linear isotropic hardening, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation produced indentation geometry with an average accuracy of 95.4% for the artificial aging series.

The wear surface morphology of AlSi10Mg specimens, originally manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM), has been analyzed in the context of exposure to heat from gas flames. The first stage of the experimental work included the performance of surface heat-exposure on SLM-prepared specimens through oxyacetylene gas welding. Gas welding was utilized with three different flames, namely; reducing, neutral, and oxidizing on the as-built specimens of SLM. The post-surface-treated specimens were subjected to pin-on-disk wear testing against fixed parameters. After the performance of wear testing at two different radii, the mass loss of each of the four types of specimens was calculated including the three specimens exposed to heat along with the as-built specimens. The results showed that the maximum amount of mass losses at 24 mm and 30 mm radii belongs to the neutral flame specimens and the least was for the as-built condition specimens. Upon analysis, the heat-exposure specimens through all three types of gas flames resulted in an increase in the amount of mass in contrast to the as-built specimens. Moreover, the morphologies of the developed wear tracks at surfaces were examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the understating of the mechanism.

This study presents a quasi- in situ observation of the fatigue crack growth behavior in a friction stir welded 2024-T4 joint. The microstructure and fatigue properties of the joint were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fatigue crack growth tests. The fatigue crack growth behavior of the joint was examined by conducting fatigue crack growth tests with different notch locations. The results show that the sample with the notch in the stir zone (SZ) exhibited the highest resistance to fatigue crack growth, followed by the notched samples of the Advancing side (AS) and Retreating side (RS) weldments. Microstructural observations showed a homogeneous microstructure with a fine grain size in SZ and it was observed that this fine-grained structure significantly enhanced the material’s resistance to fatigue crack growth. The experimental results were further analyzed using the Paris model to provide a quantitative understanding of the crack growth behavior. The study underlines the impact of microstructural characteristics and notch location on the fatigue performance of the weldment. Overall, the quasi- in situ observations and experimental findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the fatigue crack growth behavior in friction stir welded 2024-T4 joints.

A promising method for additive manufacturing that makes it possible to produce intricate and personalized parts is selective laser melting (SLM). However, the mechanical properties of as-corroded SLM parts are still areas of concern. This research investigates the mechanical behavior of SLM parts that are exposed to a saline environment containing a 3.5% NaCl solution for varying lengths of time. The exposure times chosen for this study were 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days. The results reveal that the tensile strength of the parts is significantly affected by the duration of exposure. Additionally, the study also examined the influence of porosity on the corrosion behavior of the parts. The analysis included studying the mass loss of the parts over time, and a regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between exposure time and mass loss. In addition, the utilization of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photo spectroscopy (XPS) techniques yielded valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms accountable for the observed corrosion and mechanical behavior. It was found that the presence of corrosion products (i.e., oxide layer) and pitting contributed to the degradation of the SLM parts in the saline environment. This research emphasizes the importance of considering part thickness in the design of SLM components for corrosive environments and provides insights for enhancing their performance and durability.

The study mainly focused on examining nanomechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the weld interface formed by diffusion welding of CoCrNi MEA and SUS 304 stainless steel. Three different bonding temperatures (i.e. 950 °C, 1000 °C, and 1050 °C) were utilized in producing diffusion welded joints. The influence of bonding temperatures on nanomechanical properties of the weld interface was characterized through Nanoindentation tests under various loads (i.e. 20 mN to 100 mN). Additionally, electrochemical properties of the weld interface were also examined using a 0.5 M HCl solution. Results clinched that with the increase of bonding temperature significant suppression in carbide formation occurred along with the weld interface. This instigated a reduction in nano hardness and elastic moduli which resulted in maximum elastic recovery along with the weld interface. The indentation size effect was also evident below 40 mN load after which nano hardness became stable while elastic moduli remained impervious to the change of indentation load. Furthermore, based upon electrochemical properties (i.e. Icorr, Ep, and Rp) samples welded at 1000 °C bonding temperature offered excellent corrosion resistance under 0.5M HCl environment.

The main objective of this research was to join the CoCrNi medium-entropy allow (MEA(with SUS 304 stainless steel to obtain combinatorial properties that could be suitable for cryogenic applications. The vacuum diffusion welding process was utilized under different processing parameters. Three levels of welding temperatures and bonding time were selected, and the influences of these parameters were investigated using a full factorial design. The weld quality was assessed through ultrasonic testing to examine weld discontinuities and other defects along the weld interface region. Microstructure characterization using SEM scans were also investigated to corroborate the finding of ultrasonic scans. Based upon analysis of variance (ANOVA), the welding temperature was found to have a strong effect on the joint's shear strength as compared to bonding time, and the interaction of the welding temperature and bonding time was found to be insignificant, while weld interface thickness revealed strong dependency on both the parameters and exhibited a strong interaction between the two parameters. Models to predict the joint's shear strength and weld interface thickness were also developed using regression analysis. The predictability of the joint's shear strength was more reliable with only a 7.5% error, while the error associated with the prediction of weld interface thickness was found to be 15.3%.

CoCrNi medium entropy alloy (MEA) recently gained a lot of attention from the scientific community due to its excellent mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. AISI 304 stainless steel is also a commonly used material in cryogenic environments. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to join CoCrNi MEA with AISI 304 stainless steel to obtain combinatorial properties for cryogenic applications. Vacuum diffusion welding process was utilized under different processing parameters. Three levels of welding temperatures and bonding time were selected and the influence of these parameters were investigated using microstructural characterization. Electron microprobe analysis, electron backscattered diffraction, and SEM with EDX analysis were used in the analysis of bond interface regions. At low welding temperature and time, weld discontinuities were formed which were drastically suppressed when both the parameters increased. Formation of IMCs was also found along with the bond interface and was significantly reduced upon increasing welding temperature and bonding time. Moreover, at higher parametric values thick bond interface was formed and it was concluded that its development was mainly due to the diffusion of Fe atoms. The quality of the bond interface was determined through shear testing and its fractography was also executed to correlate the processing parameters with the joint's shear strength. Diffusivities and activation energies of the constituent elements were also calculated.

It is an attributed fact that magnesium, in normal conditions, behaves as active or anodic material and steel as a noble or cathodic material in a galvanic cell. In the current study, various experiments have been conducted to investigate the electrochemical behavior of magnesium and mild steel galvanic couples in tap water and 0.1M NaHCO3 corrosive environments at different temperatures (40 ℃ to 80 ℃). The potentiodynamic results have confirmed that in tap water, magnesium acts as an anode as it corrodes itself and protects steel surfaces under the influence of galvanic action at selected temperatures. However, magnesium became passive under 0.1M NaHCO3 making steel anodic, which deteriorates aggressively at higher temperatures in 0.1M NaHCO3. The polarity reversal phenomenon was also observed in the magnesium-steel couple when exposed to this environment. The microstructural examination has shown that passivation occurred due to the formation of an oxide layer that grew towards the steel side in the galvanic couple as the temperature increased. Thus, the study revealed that the magnesium would be more damaging to steel in a NaHCO3 environment if utilized in the temperature range of 60 ℃to 80 ℃.

With the emergence of entropy alloys, the scientific community has been persuaded to explore its joining issues for some stimulating and un-explored engineering applications. Currently, CoCrNi Medium-entropy alloy (MEA) is considered to be an excellent cryogenic material which can retain highest strength and ductility even at cryogenic temperature (i.e. 77 K). With such extravagant properties, authors compelled to explore the joining issues of this alloy. Therefore, the motivation of this research was to examine the weldability of CoCrNi MEA with the commercially available SUS 304 stainless steel using different interlayers. This research work was mainly concerned to investigate the effect of Ni, Cu, and Nb interlayers on bond formation and interface reaction during vacuum diffusion welding process. Results clinched that Ni-interlayered joints were free from the formation of Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs) and offered maximum shear strength (425.5 MPa). Cu-interlayered joints displayed the formation of Cr-C IMCs at Cu-SUS interface while Nb-Co, Nb-Ni and Nb-Cr-Ni phases were formed at Nb-MEA side. Formation of microvoids, cracks and presence of IMCs was observed in Nb-interlayered welded samples which caused lowest shear strength (238.12 MPa). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) were used to examine the diffusion thickness, diffusivities of constituent elements and other microstructural features across the welded joints. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scans and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also executed on fractured surfaces to comprehend the joint formation mechanism.

This research is concerned with the adaptive neural network observer based fault approximation and fault-tolerant control of time-varying nonlinear systems. A new strategy for adaptively updating the weights of neural network parameters is proposed to enhance fault detection accuracy. Lyapunov function theory (LFT) is applied for adaptively updating the learning parameters weights of multi-layer neural network (MLNN). The purpose of using adaptive learning rates to update the weight parameters of MLNN is to obtain the global minima for highly nonlinear functions without increasing the computational complexities and costs and increase the efficacy of fault detection. Results of the proposed adaptive MLNN observer are compared with conventional MLNN observer and high gain observer. The effects of various faults or failures are studied in detail. The proposed strategy shows more robustness to disturbances, uncertainties, and unmodelled system dynamics compared to the conventional neural network, high gain observer and other existing techniques in literature. Fault tolerant control (FTC) schemes are also proposed to account for the presence of various faults and failures. Separate sliding mode control (SMC) based FTC schemes are designed for each observer to ensure stability of the faulty system. The suggested strategy is validated on Boeing 747 100/200 aircraft. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of both the proposed adaptive MLNN observer and the FTC based on the proposed adaptive MLNN compared to the conventional MLNN, high gain observer and other existing schemes in literature. Comparison of the performance of all the strategies validates the superiority of the proposed strategy and shows that the FTC based on proposed adaptive MLNN strategy provides better robustness to various situations such as disturbances and uncertainties. It is concluded that the proposed strategy can be integrated into the aircraft for the purpose of fault diagnosis, fault isolation and FTC scheme for increasing the performance of the system.

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15 × 300 × 180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint’s quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of medium heat input (1–2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (−196 °C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.

El estudio se llevó a cabo para desarrollar un método optimizado de resistencia a la corrosión. El acero A-36, con bajo contenido de carbono, se utilizó con cinco recubrimientos diferentes y una probeta sin recubrir. Las probetas se recubrieron utilizando una imprimación de óxido rojo, pintura al óleo e imprimación de pintura al óleo. Dichos recubrimientos se fabricaron mezclando nanopartículas de óxido de titanio (TiO2) y óxido de zinc (ZnO) con pintura al óleo. Una solución molar de ácido nítrico (HNO3) se utilizó para obtener un medio ácido, una solución molar de hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) para conseguir un medio básico, y agua destilada para obtener un medio neutro. La técnica de resistencia de polarización lineal (LPR) se utilizó para determinar la velocidad de corrosión. En medio ácido, la probeta sin recubrimiento produjo una velocidad de corrosión máxima de 191,5 mm por año. La velocidad de corrosión disminuyó al aplicar el recubrimiento de imprimación y acabado con pintura. El valor mínimo de velocidad de corrosión (0,302 mm por año) se observó en recubrimientos a base de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc. En medio básico, se observó que la velocidad de corrosión era pequeña con todo tipo de recubrimientos y sin protección adicional, en comparación con el medio ácido. Lo que indica que el acero A-36 produce menos óxidos metálicos en medio básico. La tendencia de la velocidad de corrosión en medio básico es la misma, teniendo el máximo de velocidad de corrosión en la probeta si protección adicional (0,1044 mm por año), mientras que el mínimo se produjo con el recubrimiento a base de óxido de zinc (0,000261 mm por año). En agua destilada, la probeta sin protección adiconal produjo, como se esperaba, una velocidad de corrosión máxima de 12,98 mm por año. Al comparar los tres medios, el ambiente ácido proporciona la velocidad de corrosión más alta en probetas sin protección adicional y con todos los recubrimientos. Por lo tanto, se debe prestar atención al utilizar el acero A-36 en medio ácido. La máxima velocidad de corrosión se observó en probetas sin protección adicional, mientras que la mínima se obtuvo en probetas recubiertas con recubrimientos a base de óxido de zinc. Por tanto, se puede concluir que, para una mejor resistencia a la corrosión, se debe utilizar un recubrimiento elaborado mezclando la pintura con nanopartículas de óxido de zinc que funcione en todos los medios.

The current study is conducted to develop an optimized corrosion resistant method. Low carbon steel (A-36) is used with five different coatings along with an uncoated s ample, to characterize the behavior against corrosion. Specimens are coated with red oxide primer, oil paint, and oil paint-primer. Coatings are also made by mixing nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) with oil paint. One molar nitric acid (HNO3) solution is used to produce acidic medium, one molar sodium hydro-oxide (NaOH) solution is used to make basic medium and distilled water is used as a neutral medium. The linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique is used to determine the corrosion rate of different coatings in all conditions. In the acidic environment, the bare sample gives maximum corrosion of 191.5 mpy. The corrosion rate is decreased when coated with primer and paint respectively. But the minimum value of 0.302 mpy is observed in zinc oxide nanoparticles based coatings. In basic medium corrosion rate is observed to be low in bare and all types of coatings compared to the acidic environment. It shows that mild steel produces less metal oxides in a basic environment. The corrosion rate trend in the basic medium is the same having maximum in the bare sample (i.e. 0.1044 mpy) while minimum in zinc oxide-based coating (i.e. 0.000261). In distilled water, the bare sample gives maximum corrosion rate of 12.98 mpy as expected. Comparing three environments, acidic medium gives the highest corrosion rate in bare samples and in all coatings. Hence proper attention should be given when mild steel is being used in an acidic environment. The maximum corrosion rate is observed in bare samples while minimum in specimen coated with zinc oxide-based coatings. Hence it can be concluded that for better corrosion resistance, a coating made by mixing paint with zinc oxide nanoparticles should be used that works in all environments. Current study can be considered as easy to use solution for corrosion prevention in different corrosive environments.

Las uniones soldadas de superficie se consideran una estrategia avanzada e innovadora para lograr una resistencia aceptable sin consumir excesiva energía en la preparación de las muestras. Se soldaron dos superficies planas de la aleación AA5083 desde cuatro lados y utilizando el mismo material de relleno. En el análisis de la soldadura de superficie, se logró una profundidad de fusión de hasta 2 - 2,2 mm en cada lado, aunque la parte central permaneció sin fusionar. Después de la unión, se realizó un recocido de homogeneización a 275 y 325 °C durante 3 h, lo que aumentó el rendimiento de la unión hasta un 57,6%. Las micrografías ópticas de las zonas fusionadas han permitido la visibilidad de combinación alternativa de Al6(Mn, Fe) y Mg2Si con el aumento de la temperatura de recocido de 275 a 325 °C. Las observaciones de la superficie de la fractura incluyen el límite de la interface de la zona completamente fusionada (CFZ) y la zona fusionada del material base (BMFZ), que en combinación definieron todo el mecanismo de la fractura.

The mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joints embodied from 29 different kinds of alloys obtained from experiments (37 specimens) or literature (194 specimens) were analyzed and compared with their corresponding base alloys. The results indicated that toughness was most sensitive to the bonding quality as only 7.8% of the joints had a relative (ratio between the joint value and base alloy value) impact toughness of higher than 0.9, where the percentage of joints with a relative elongation (area reduction) and a tensile strength of higher than 0.9 was approximately only 21.9% and 48.4%, respectively. The fatigue and high-temperature mechanical properties of joints were significantly lower than those of the base alloys. Microstructure analysis revealed that this characteristic of “high strength–low toughness” resulted from defects of the joint, which included not only the widely accepted interfacial void defects but also the defects of the bond line and the crystallographic mismatch. Among these defects, the bond line primarily dispersed the plasticity and toughness of the joint. If the bond line was removed by post-bonding heat treatments or by insertion of an interlayer, the joint mechanical properties, particularly toughness, could potentially reach the value shown by the base alloy that had undergone the same heating process.

Surface welded joints are considered an advance and innovative strategy to achieve acceptable strength without consuming much energy on specimen preparation. No surfaces of AA5083 plates were welded from four sides using the same filler material to prepare specimens. In the surface joint analysis, up to 2-2.2 mm fusion depth was achieved on each side, though the central portion remained characteristically unfused. After joining, homogenization annealing has been performed at 275 degrees C and 325 degrees C to hold the specimens for 3 h, which increased the joint performance up to 57.6%. The optical micrographs of fused zones have outlined the alternative-combine visibility of Al-6(Mn,Fe) and Mg2Si in analysis with the increase in annealing temperature from 275 degrees C to 325 degrees C. Observations from fracture surface characteristics include completely fused zone (CFZ) and base material-fused zone (BMFZ) interface boundary, which in combination defined the whole mechanism of fracture.

In this paper, two different adaptive strategies are presented for continuous time uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown disturbances and faults. In first strategy, a sliding mode control based adaptive neural observer approach is anticipated for estimation of unknown disturbances and faults by using the multi-layer perceptron, the weight parameters are updated by using the sliding mode online learning strategy. Conventionally, gradient descent back-propagation adaptation methods are used for neural networks training, within these adaptation methods a new theory of sliding mode control is added to conventional gradient descent back-propagation procedure. In this nonlinear control concept, the Sliding Mode Control is employed as a learning strategy, in which the neural network is considered as a control process and computes the stable and dynamic learning rates of neural network. By considering the unknown faults approximation and reconstruction, this online learning strategy shows a rapid sensor fault detection, approximation, and reconstruction with high preciseness and rapidness compared to conventional strategy and algorithms presented in literature. Approaches used in literature do not have much higher preciseness and fast response to fault occurrence compared to the strategy proposed in this study. In second strategy, the neural network controller strategy is proposed with concept of filtered error scheme. Online weight updating strategy comprise of additional term to back-propagation, plus an additional robustifying term, assures the stability and rapid convergence of the faulty system. The stability analysis of the proposed fault tolerance control is also provided. While considering stability of system, this robust online adaptive fault tolerance control shows a fast convergence in the presence of unknown disturbances and faults. The robust adaptive neural controller is compared with the conventional gradient descent based controller in the existence of various sensor faults and failures. The proposed strategies are validated on Boeing 747 100/200 aircraft, results show the efficiency, preciseness and robustness of strategies compared to the algorithm presented in literature.