This paper presents the results of a research work aimed at examining the potential use of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sheets as a strengthening solution to upgrade reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with openings. A total of 13 deep beams with openings were constructed and tested under four-point bending. Test specimen had a cross section of 80 × 500 mm and a total length of 1200 mm. Two square openings, one in each shear span, were placed symmetrically about the mid-point of the beam. Test parameters included the opening size, location, and the presence of the CFRP sheets. The structural response of RC deep beams with openings was primarily dependent on the degree of the interruption of the natural load path. Externally bonded CFRP shear strengthening around the openings was found very effective in upgrading the shear strength of RC deep beams. The strength gain caused by the CFRP sheets was in the range of 35–73%. A method of analysis for shear strength prediction of RC deep beams containing openings strengthened with CFRP sheets was studied and examined against test results.

study represents a mathematical procedure for the kinetic analysis of naphthalene sulfonation using sulfuric acid at molar ratios ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 and reaction temperatures from 115 to 180-degrees-C. The overall sulfonation comprises many consecutive, parallel, and reversible reactions. Representative samples of the reaction mixture are analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for quantitative evaluation of the sulfonic acid isomers produced and by alkalimetric determination of acidity. The model suggested includes the concentration of the five components in the reaction mixture, considering five reactions. The kinetic parameters for these reactions are estimated for ''best fit'' of the experimental data by the weighted least squares method based on minimizing the deviation between measured data and those calculated according to the model. This model describes fairly well the process kinetic through the evaluated parameters. It is observed from the results that, with respect to the yield of the target (beta-sulfonic acid), the optimum reaction temperature is 170-degrees-C for equimolar acid to naphthalene ratio.

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate)–cellulose nitrate copolymers were prepared by bulk polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. Cellulose nitrates of two different nitrogen contents (11.4 and 12.2%) were used. The prepared copolymers were γ‐irradiated for specified periods of up to 11.83 Mrad. Their physical and mechanical properties were measured before and after irradiation. The title copolymers showed lower modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break than poly(methyl methacrylate) itself, but they showed better hardness and abrasion. Irradiation to up to 6.57 Mrad improved the modulus of the copolymers. Hardness and abrasion were improved by increasing cellulose nitrate content. The prepared copolymers that contained cellulose nitrate of 11.4% nitrogen showed secondary transition points. The increase of cellulose nitrate concentration shifted both first and second transition points to relatively higher values.

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate)–cellulose nitrate copolymers were prepared in the form of rods and sheets by bulk polymerization using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. Suspension polymerization did not succeed in preparing poly(methyl methacrylate)–cellulose nitrate copolymers, especially when cellulose nitrate of 11.4% nitrogen content was used. The parameters such as cellulose nitrate concentration, nitrogen content of cellulose nitrate, the amount of initiator and the reaction time, and the temperature are discussed. The prepared copolymers were irradiated for specified periods of up to 11.83 Mrad. It was found that poly(methyl methacrylate)–cellulose nitrate copolymers did not dissolve in any conventional solvent, but they swelled. Swelling decreases with increasing cellulose nitrate concentrations, nitrogen content of cellulose nitrate, and irradiation dose, indicating the crosslinked structure of the prepared copolymers.

Oxidation of 5-arylazo-6-aminoquinoline with copper sulphate in pyridine gives the corresponding 2-aryltriazolo[4.5-f]quinolines. Condensation of halogenated nitrobenzenes with triazolo- [4.5-f]quinoline yields the corresponding 2- and 3-derivatives. Imidazo[4.5-f]quinoline behaves similarly and furnishes the 3-derivative. NMR, IR and UV spectra of several of the products are discussed.

Several new mono azo dyes containing the quinoxaline moiety were prepared. Their dyeing and fastness properties as well as their electronic spectra were studied.

AbstractDie Aminochinoxaline (I) liefern durch Diazotierung und Kupplung mit β‐Naphthol die Azofarbstoffe (II).

Grignard reagents react with 1-aryl-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydrides to give the lactones of 3-(2-carboxy-1-arylnaphthyl)diarylmethanols. Some of these lactones are isomerised with concentrated sulphuric acid to the corresponding 7H-benzo[c]fluoren-7-ones.

Bromobenzene reacts with phenyl- and p-methoxyphenyl-succinic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride to give a mixture of β-p-bromobenzoyl-α- and -β-phenyl-propionic acid, and a mixture of β-p-bromobenzoyl-α- and -β-p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, respectively.Similarly, iodobenzene reacts with the same anhydrides to give a mixture of β-p-iodobenzoyl-α- and -β-phenylpropionic acid and β-benzoyl-α- and -β-phenylpropionic acid, and a mixture of β-benzoyl- and β-p-iodobenzoyl-α-p-methoxyphenylpropionic acid, respectively.Phenyl- and diphenyl-succinic anhydride are cyclized by aluminum chloride to 1-ketoindane- and 1-keto-2-phenylindane-3-carboxylic acid, respectively.The above keto acids are converted by boiling acetic anhydride into β,γ-unsaturated γ-lactones.

F. G. Baddar and S. Sherif, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 707 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610000707

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAction of Grignard Reagents. XX. Action of Organomagnesium Compounds and of Lithium Aluminium Hydride on 3-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-4-keto-1,2,3-benzotriazinesAHMED MUSTAFA, WAFIA ASKER, ABDALLAH M. FLEIFEL, SAMIR KHATTAB, and SAYED SHERIFCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 9, 1501–1503Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01079a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01079a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

F. G. Baddar, A. M. Flelfel and S. Sherif, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1009 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001009