Background:In patients with rotator cuff (RC) pathology, poor psychological well-being, such as depression and anxiety symptoms and kinesiophobia, has reported an association with worse shoulder symptoms, function, pain, and/or quality of life. Individuals with kinesiophobia often avoid certain activities, which may lead to muscle weakness, decreased range of motion, low physical activity (PA), and/or decreased function. This scoping review aimed to explore and summarize the current evidence regarding psychological factors and PA levels in patients with RC pathology before and after repair surgery. Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases for relevant studies. We included studies that enrolled patients with RC pathology undergoing repair surgery and reported psychological well-being and/or PA measures before and after surgery. We summarized the study characteristics and findings, including the study design, sample size, demographics, and measures of psychological well-being and/or PA before and after RC repair. Lastly, descriptive consolidation and qualitative synthesis were performed for the included studies. Results:Out of 11,026 potential studies, 13 studies met our criteria and were included. Of the studies included, 3 were retrospective and 10 were prospective studies, and all of them were published in 2015 and later. Among the included studies, depression symptoms (n = 10), anxiety symptoms (n = 7), kinesiophobia (n = 2), and negative thoughts (n = 2) were reported as psychological factors that negatively influence the symptoms and recovery patients with RC pathology before and after surgical repair. Importantly, none of the included studies examined PA measures in patients with RC pathology before and after RC repair. Conclusion:In patients with RC pathology, depression and anxiety symptoms have been commonly examined before and after RC repair. Worse depression and anxiety symptoms were reported to be associated with worse pain, reduced function, and lower quality of life. Consideration of PA in the screening and rehabilitation before and after RC repair was identified as a substantial gap in literature. Future research is encouraged to explore how the interplay between PA and psychological factors influences treatment outcomes for RC pathology, which may guide more holistic and effective rehabilitation strategies.

Objective(s) Psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and kinesiophobia are known to be associated with worse shoulder symptoms, higher levels of shoulder disability and pain, and decreased quality-of-life (QoL) following rotator cuff (RC) repair surgery. Besides psychological factors, physical activity (PA) also plays a critical role in facilitating injured tissue healing, improving strength, and promoting overall recovery and health following orthopedic injuries and surgeries. Individuals with kinesiophobia (common in those with RC) may avoid certain activities, which may lead to muscle weakness, decreased range of motion, low PA, and decreased functional performance. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the interplay and potential combined impact of PA and psychological factors on the recovery and outcomes before and after RC repair surgery, this scoping review aimed to explore and summarize the current evidence investigating PA and psychological factors in patients with RC tears before and after repair. Data Sources We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases for relevant studies. Search terms were developed and reviewed by a librarian. Study Selection We included studies that enrolled patients with RC tears undergoing repair and reported measures of psychological well-being and/or PA before and after surgery. Two independent authors screened titles/abstracts and reviewed full texts for potential inclusion. Data Extraction Study characteristics and findings were summarized, including the study design, sample size, demographics, and psychological and/or PA measures before and after RC repair. Data Synthesis Out of 11,026 potential studies, 13 studies met our criteria and were included. Among the included studies, depression (n=10), anxiety (n=7), kinesiophobia (n=2), pain catastrophizing (n=1), and negative thoughts (n=1) were reported as psychological factors impacting patients with RC tears before and after repair surgery. Most of the studies reported a significant correlation between increased depression, anxiety, negative pain thoughts, and pain catastrophizing with worse pain, reduced function, and lower QoL in those with RC tears before and after repair. Interestingly, none of the included studies examined PA measures in patients with RC tears before or after RC repair. Conclusions Psychological factors, particularly depression and anxiety, are commonly examined and consistently associated with worse pain, reduced function, and lower QoL in patients with RC tears undergoing RC repair. However, no studies to date have examined PA in this population, which represents a substantial gap in literature. Future research is needed to explore how PA levels interplay with psychological factors to potentially influence recovery, which may guide more holistic and effective rehabilitation strategies.

Despite the exposure of cardiothoracic anesthesiology trainees to patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), there is a paucity of formal curricula on this subject. Major impediments to educating cardiothoracic anesthesiology trainees on CIEDs include busy clinical schedules, short staffing, inconsistent trainees' exposure to CIEDs, multiplicity of vendors, and a "millennial" mentality of the new generation of learners. As a result, cardiothoracic anesthesiology trainees graduating from their residency and fellowship programs may lack the competency to manage patients with CIEDs. Herein, we report our systematic approach to designing, validating, mapping, evaluating, and delivering a CIED curriculum on the first mobile app of its kind on this subject. Development of the CIED curriculum proceeded through the Kern 6-step approach of problem identification, determining and prioritizing content, writing goals and objectives, selecting instructional strategies, implementation of the material, and evaluation and applications of lessons learned. This was followed by the delivery of the curriculum in the form of a user-study app and administrator-type app with functionalities in the assessment of the learners' gains, experience, and satisfaction as well as the administrator's capability to update the educational content based on the feedback of the learners and the emerging technology. As such, the CIED app allows asynchronous learning at the pace of the learners and allows, through a multiplicity of educational materials, the ability to digest this complex and understudied subject. We report on the pilot phase of the project. We benefit from the experience of a multidisciplinary team of anesthesiologists, computer scientists, and educators in accomplishing this project.

Background Existing research lacks information on the potential impacts of multi-phased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine rollouts on population mental health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of various COVID-19 vaccine rollout phases on trends and prevalence of anxiety and depression among US adults at a population level. Methods We performed a US population-based multi-intervention interrupted time series analysis through Deep Learning and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approaches, analyzing 4 waves of US CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data (January 2019-February 2023) to assess changes in the weekly prevalence of anxiety and depression following interruptions, including all major COVID-19 vaccine rollout phases from 2020 to early 2023 while considering pandemic-related events. Findings Among 1,615,643 US adults (1,011,300 [76.4%] aged 18-64 years, 867,826 [51.2%] female, 126,594 [16.9%] Hispanic, 120,380 [11.9%] non-Hispanic Black, 1,191,668 [61.7%] non-Hispanic White, and 113,461 [9.5%] other non-Hispanic people of color), we found that three COVID-19 vaccine rollout phases (ie, prioritization for educational/childcare workers, boosters for all US adults, authorization for young children) were associated with a 0.93 percentage-point (95% CI -1.81 to -0.04, p = 0.041), 1.28 percentage-point (95% CI -2.32 to -0.24, p = 0.017), and 0.89 percentage-point (95% CI -1.56 to -0.22, p = 0.010) reduction, respectively, in anxiety and depression prevalence among the general US adult population despite an upward trend in the prevalence of anxiety and depression from 2019 to early 2023. Among different population groups, Phase 1 was associated with increases in anxiety and depression prevalence among Black/African Americans (2.26 percentage-point, 95% CI 0.24-4.28, p = 0.029), other non-Hispanic people of color (2.68 percentage-point, 95% CI 0.36-5.00, p = 0.024), and lower-income individuals (3.95 percentage-point, 95% CI 2.20-5.71, p < 0.0001). Interpretation Our findings suggest disparate effects of phased COVID-19 vaccine rollout on mental health across US populations, underlining the need for careful planning in future strategies for phased disease prevention and interventions. Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Background: Some evidence indicates that adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have balance impairments. This study examined the associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), response inhibition (RI), and static balance in this population while off and on psychostimulant medication (PS). Methods: Participants (n = 40; 30 females; M age = 29.0; SD = 6.3 years) wore an ActiGraph GT9X–link around their waist to estimate MVPA levels (minutes/day). To assess RI, participants completed the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D–KEFS) subtests Trail-Making Test (TMT) and Color–Word Interference Test (CWIT). To evaluate static balance, participants completed postural sway area (cm2) assessments in four conditions: feet-apart eyes-open (FAEO), feet-apart eyes-closed (FAEC), feet-together eyes-open (FTEO), and feet-together eyes-closed (FTEC). Participants also completed the single-leg standing tests (seconds) with eyes open (SLEO) and with eyes closed (SLEC). Results: When off medication, MVPA significantly predicted SLEC (β = 0.30; p = 0.017). MVPA and TMT significantly predicted FTEO, explaining ~19% of the variance in FTEO; both MVPA and TMT were significant predictors (β = –0.33, p = 0.027 and β = –0.31, p = 0.039, respectively). When on medication, TMT significantly predicted FAEC (β = 0.17; p = 0.047). Conclusions: MVPA and RI may be effective parameters in predicting static balance in adults with ADHD when off medication only.

Abstract Studies of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and health status have been conducted with university students, but typically exclude faculty and staff. The study aim was to assess HPV knowledge and perceived health status among students, staff, and faculty at a Midwestern university. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted at a Midwestern university in 2016, 2019, and 2022 assessing HPV knowledge and perceived health status. A total of 2678 student, staff, and faculty responses were received. Perceived health status was measured using a standard health status question. Knowledge of HPV was measured as total score on a 15-item true/false test. There were 145 respondents 61 years or older. A factorial ANOVA revealed that HPV knowledge was significant for age group (p <.001) but not cohort or interaction. Respondents 61 and older performed better than those aged 18-21 but lower than groups between ages 27-45. Main effects for minority status and age group (p <.001) were found but no interaction (p =.655). No cohort effect was found for perceived health status. Chi-square analyses showed perceived health status relates to age group (p <.01) with significantly more individuals 61 and older rating their health status as excellent than expected (SD = 2.6). Perceived health status for this age group was independent of cohort (p =.22). These findings highlight the need to increase HPV education to individuals under age 27, further investigate health status perceptions in individuals 61 and older, and explore perceived health status in minority respondents.

Abstract Music has been shown to improve Quality of Life (QoL) for various populations. However, few studies have studied older musicians’ QoL or QoL in an intergenerational sample of musicians. To address this gap this study assessed four QoL domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental) in a nationally representative intergenerational sample of musicians using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Data were obtained via a survey of professional and amateur musicians (N=407) across the United States (US). Results demonstrated that while the oldest subgroup of musicians had the highest mean scores for environmental, psychological and social QoL, there were no significant differences between age groups for any of the QoL domains. Rating scale responses for all QoL items were independent of age group except for “How often do you have negative feelings” (p=.01). Examination of standardized residual showed that significant effect was due to the older musicians responding “never” more frequently than expected. The Spearman correlations of environmental QoL with psychological, and social QoL were significantly lower (p <.05) in the older musicians (r=.442, r=.494) than in the aggregate of other age groups (r=.715, r=.733). Furthermore, there was a significantly lower Spearman correlation between “enjoyment of being a musician” and “impact of being a musician on QoL” for older respondents (r=.384) compared to younger respondents (r=.678). Future research is needed to establish normative QoL data for the US on all age groups as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF and to examine the role of music as a mediator of QoL across the lifespan.

RATIONALE:Balance impairments are highly prevalent and underscreened in individuals with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychostimulant medications, used to treat ADHD symptoms, may improve balance performance in this population as demonstrated by a growing literature; however, there has not been a systematic investigation to understand the effects of psychostimulant medications on balance performance in individuals with ADHD. This systematic review examined the existing evidence to determine if psychostimulant medications improve balance performance in this population. METHODS:We searched PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane in March 2021 and in January 2022 to locate articles relevant to the topic. Two reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of included articles using the Study Quality Assessment Tools and the PEDro scale. The reviewers rated articles for the level of evidence based on the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) criteria. The reviewers further offered recommendations for research and clinical practice based on the strength of the reviewed articles using the AAN criteria. Additionally, the reviewers gleaned important characteristics from each article, such as study design, balance domain and study results. RESULTS:Nine articles addressed the role of psychostimulant medications on balance outcomes. These articles included two Class II studies, two Class III studies and five Class IV studies. Based on study quality, this systematic review indicated low confidence in the use of psychostimulant medications for improving balance performance based on AAN criteria. CONCLUSION:Psychostimulant medications trends to enhance balance performance in individuals with ADHD. However, the lack of well-designed studies and heterogeneity of balance measures warrant additional research.

OBJECTIVE:This study examined the effect of psychostimulant medications nPS) on balance and functional motor performance in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:Participants completed two sessions (off-medication and on-medication) in a within-subjects repeated-measure study design. There was a minimum of seven days between the two sessions. During both sessions, participants stood for 30 s per condition on a force platform. The conditions were: feet-apart with 1) eyes-open and 2) eyes-closed; feet-together with 3) eyes-open and 4) eyes-closed. Participants performed three trials of timed up and go (TUG) and lateral step-up test (LSUT) during both sessions. Outcome measures were sway area (SA [cm2]), average sway velocity (SV [cm/s]), TUG average time (s), and average number of LSUT repetitions. Data were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-tests for examining PS effects on balance (SA and SV) and functional motor performance (TUG and LSUT), respectively. RESULTS:The sample included 45 adults (35 females; mean age = 28.4 ± 6.3 years). The repeated-measures MANOVA indicated that PS was associated with better SA [F(1,44) = 9.6; p = 0.003;ηp2 = 0.18] but not with SV [F(1,44) = 1.0; p = 0.319;ηp2 = 0.02]. PS was associated with significantly better SA with decreasing base-of-support [F(1,44) = 9.9; p = 0.003;ηp2 = 0.18]. Additionally, PS use was associated with better TUG [t(1,44) = 2.65; p = 0.014;Cohen's d = 0.39] but not LSUT performances [t(1,44) = -0.68; p = 0.499;Cohen's d = -0.10]. CONCLUSIONS:PS was associated with better SA and TUG in adults with ADHD. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of PS on balance performance using rigorous designs in this population. IMPACT:Healthcare providers should screen for PS status and balance when treating adults with ADHD to enhance safe motor performance.

BackgroundSignificant advances in the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have extended life expectancy, increasing the number of CF caregivers who deliver demanding daily treatment regimens and manage uncertainty. With the impact these changes have on CF caregivers, it is critical to understand CF caregiver quality of life (QoL).PurposeTo examine how QoL is measured in CF caregiver research and identify which QoL domains from the World Health Organization (WHO) framework are represented in CF caregiver QoL outcomes.MethodsLiterature published from 2003 to the present was searched to identify all relevant articles in online academic databases related to measurement of CF caregiver QoL.ResultsFindings suggest there is inconsistency within QoL measurement with CF caregivers and no existing scale accounts for all aspects of CF caregiver QoL from the WHO's framework.DiscussionThe disconnect between how CF caregiver QoL is measured and how it is defined presents a challenge in utilizing information gleaned to best provide targeted and relevant services and resources to CF caregivers.Translation to Health Education Practice: A better understanding of caregiver QoL across all WHO domains will allow development of targeted programs to adequately address challenges for CF caregivers.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic and chronic disease affecting 32,100 people in the United States as of 2021, with a life expectancy of 56 years for people with CF (PwCF) born between 2018 and 2022. While there is extensive literature about cystic fibrosis, there are few studies examining the complexity and challenges experienced by family caregivers for PwCF. The aim of this study was to examine the Caregiver Quality of Life Cystic Fibrosis (CQOLCF) scale using data (N = 217) from two separate studies that used the scale to determine if its items represent multiple factors relevant to CF family caregiver QoL. Factor analysis was conducted on the Seven distinct factors were found with analysis of the CQOLCF. Factors were Existential Dread (12%), Burden (11%), Strain (7%), Support (7%), Positivity (6%), Finance (5%) and Guilt (3%). Study findings indicated it is important for healthcare providers and researchers who use the CQOLCF to be knowledgeable and aware of the multiple factors associated with quality of life in this population in addition to an overall quality of life score.

Background Health behavior interventions, especially those that promote improved diet and physical activity, are increasingly directed toward cancer survivors given their burgeoning numbers and high risk for comorbidity and functional decline. However, for health behavior interventions to achieve maximal public health impact, sustainability at both the individual and organizational levels is crucial. The current study aimed to assess the individual and organizational sustainability of the Harvest for Health mentored vegetable gardening intervention among cancer survivors. Methods Telephone surveys were conducted among 100 cancer survivors (mean age 63 years; primarily breast cancer) completing one-of-two Harvest for Health feasibility trials. Surveys ascertained whether participants continued gardening, and if so, whether they had expanded their gardens. Additionally, surveys were emailed to 23 stakeholders (Cooperative Extension county agents, cancer support group leaders, and healthcare representatives) who were asked to rate the intervention’s ability to generate sustained service and produce benefits over time using the eight-domain Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT). Results The survey among cancer survivors (91.9% response rate) indicated that 85.7% continued gardening throughout the 12 months following intervention completion; 47.3% expanded their gardens beyond the space of the original intervention. Moreover, 5.5% of cancer survivors enrolled in the certification program to become Extension Master Gardeners. The survey among stakeholders generated a similar response rate (i.e., 91.3%) and favorable scores. Of the possible maximum of 7 points on the PSAT, the gardening intervention’s “Overall Capacity for Sustainability” scored 5.7 (81.4% of the maximum score), with subscales for “Funding Stability” scoring the lowest though still favorably (5.0) and “Program Evaluation” scoring the highest (6.3). Conclusions Data support the sustainability capacity of the Harvest for Health vegetable gardening intervention for cancer survivors. Indeed, few interventions have proven as durable in terms of individual sustainability. Furthermore, Harvest for Health ’s overall organizational score of 5.7 on the PSAT is considered strong when compared to a previous review of over 250 programs, where the mean overall organizational PSAT score was 4.84. Thus, solutions for long-term funding are currently being explored to support this strong, holistic program that is directed toward this vulnerable and growing population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02150148

Individuals with ADHD have balance issues. Engaging in physical activity improves balance in older adults. It is unknown if physical activity level is associated with balance performance in adults with ADHD. PURPOSE: To determine the associations between physical activity and static balance in adults with ADHD. METHODS: We conducted a prospective within-subject repeated measures study. We included adults with ADHD aged 21 to 55 years. We randomly assigned participants to complete an on- and off- medication testing visits, with about 7 days between the two visits. Participants consumed no ADHD medication 24 hours before the off-medication visit whereas they took their ADHD medication during the on-medication visit. In each visit, participants stood for 30-second for each of the following conditions: standing on the non-dominant leg on stable surface with 1) eyes open and 2) eyes closed; and standing on a foam surface with 3) eyes open. We calculated time before touching down (i.e., fall time) and number of floor touches (i.e., fall frequency) for each condition. Participants wore an ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer around their waist for 7 days between the visits. We included data of at least 1 valid day (i.e., ≥600 minutes of wear time). We used Spearman rho correlation tests to determine associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes/day vs. fall time and frequency for each condition. RESULTS: We analyzed data of 35 adults (27 females; mean age = 28.8 ± 6.3 years). When participants were off medication, there were significant associations between MVPA and fall time and frequency during single leg stance with eyes closed on stable surface [rs = .40; p = .016; rs = -.44; p = .008, respectively] and eyes open on foam surface [rs = .56; p = .001; rs = -.54; p = .001, respectively]. When participants where on medication, we found significant associations between MVPA and fall time and frequency during single leg stance with eyes closed on stable surface [rs = .35; p = .045; rs = -.40; p = .017, respectively] and eyes open on foam surface [rs = .35; p = .042; rs = -.39; p = .022, respectively]. CONCLUSION: MVPA levels were associated with balance performance in adults with ADHD when on and off their ADHD medication. Future studies should examine MVPA interventions on balance in adults with ADHD on and off their medication.

Older drivers are a rapidly growing demographic group worldwide; many have visual processing impairments. Little is known about their preferences about vehicle instrument cluster design. We evaluated the psychometric properties of a questionnaire on “dashboard” design for a population-based sample of 1000 older drivers. Topics included gauges, knobs/switches, and interior lighting; items were statements about their visual design. Response options used a Likert-scale (“Definitely True” to “Definitely False”). Factor and Rasch analyses identified underlying subscales. Driver responses revealed four thematic subscales fitting the Rasch model: cognitive processing, lighting, pattern recognition, and obstructions. Internal consistency of subscales was acceptable (0.70–0.87); all possessed a sufficiently unidimensional structure. Opportunities for improvement were identified (item scope, category ordering, discrimination of respondents’ perception levels). Assessment of motor vehicle dashboard preferences indicated cognitive processing, lighting, pattern recognition, and obstructions are areas relevant to older drivers. Future work will examine the relationship between older drivers’ visual function (e.g., contrast sensitivity, visual processing speed) and their design preferences as revealed by the Dashboard Questionnaire, with the aim to optimize instrument cluster displays for older drivers.

LEADLESS PACEMAKER (LP) therapy is a rapidly evolving technology conceptualized to overcome device pocket, lead, and venous access-related complications of contemporary transvenous permanent pacemaker systems (TV-PPM). 1 Larsson B Elmqvist H Ryden L et al. Lessons from the first patient with an implanted pacemaker: 1958-2001. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003; 26: 114-124 Crossref PubMed Scopus (73) Google Scholar , 2 Mond HG Proclemer A. The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Calendar year 2009–a World Society of Arrhythmia's project. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011; 34: 1013-1027 Crossref PubMed Scopus (665) Google Scholar , 3 Raatikainen MJP Arnar DO Merkely B et al. A decade of information on the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices and interventional electrophysiological procedures in the European Society of Cardiology countries: 2017 report from the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace. 2017; 19 (ii1-ii90) Crossref PubMed Scopus (183) Google Scholar , 4 Ranasinghe I Labrosciano C Horton D et al. Institutional variation in quality of cardiovascular implantable electronic device implantation: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019; 171: 309-317 Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 5 Ezzat VA Lee V Ahsan S et al. A systematic review of ICD complications in randomised controlled trials versus registries: Is our 'real-world' data an underestimation?. Open Heart. 2015; 2e000198 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 6 Udo EO Zuithoff NPA van Hemel NM et al. Incidence and predictors of short- and long-term complications in pacemaker therapy: The FOLLOWPACE study. Heart Rhythm. 2012; 9: 728-735 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (341) Google Scholar At the time of writing of this manuscript, there was only one totally self-contained single-chamber right ventricular permanent LP system. Current LP systems demonstrate improved battery technology to allow adequate longevity. Improvements in component design minimize power utilization, allow for a flexible catheter delivery system to conform to the patients' vascular anatomy, and allow adequate fixation to ventricular myocardium and retrievability. 7 Tjong FV Reddy VY. Permanent leadless cardiac pacemaker therapy: A comprehensive review. Circulation. 2017; 135: 1458-1470 Crossref PubMed Scopus (133) Google Scholar

PurposeProper understanding and interaction with the dashboard is an essential aspect of safely operating a motor vehicle. A portion of this task is dependent on vision, yet no published information exists regarding dashboard ergonomics and visual function. This study sought to associate visual functions and person abilities of dashboard ergonomic dimensions relevant to older driver design preferences and attitudes.MethodsIn this population-based study of drivers, participants completed functional testing for habitual distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field sensitivity, visual processing speed, and spatial ability. A questionnaire assessed attitudes and understanding of dashboard design, with questionnaire items generated from the content of focus groups of older drivers. Dashboard design domains identified in Rasch analysis of questionnaire responses were quantified using person ability measures for the cognitive processing, lighting, obstructions, and pattern recognition domains. Visual functions and person abilities were correlated using Spearman partial correlations, adjusting for age and sex.ResultsA total of 997 participants completed functional testing and the dashboard questionnaire. The mean age was 77.4 ± 4.6 years, and the majority were male (55%) and white (81%). The sample had a range of person abilities and visual functions. Contrast and visual field sensitivities were significantly associated with the cognitive processing, lighting, and pattern recognition dashboard design dimensions (p ≤ 0.0052). For all significant associations, increased visual function was indicative of better person ability. Visual processing speed, as measured by Trails B and UFOV2, was significantly associated with the lighting domain (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0007, respectively). The UFOV2 measure was correlated with pattern recognition (p = 0.0165). Spatial ability was the only visual function associated with the visual obstruction dimension (p = 0.0347).ConclusionsPerson ability for dashboard design domains are related to visual function in older drivers. Results show person ability for domains increased with improved visual function. Future automotive engineering and design initiatives should consider these associations in improving dashboard designs to increase vehicle utility and accessibility.

Abstract Background: To determine PF spasticity and the effect of PS on PF spasticity and ankle plantarflexor resistance to stretch (PFRS) in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: Participants completed two visits (off-medication and on-medication). During both visits, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was administered to measure PF spasticity. Two device-measured (isokinetic-dynamometer [Biodex] and surface electromyograph [sEMG]) tests assessed PFRS: reflex mediated, and non-reflex mediated. Results: Adults with ADHD (n= 39, 31 females; mean age=28.6±6.7 years). Overall, adults with ADHD displayed elevated PF spasticity (average MAS>1). PS use was not associated with changes in PFRS [F(1,38)=0.001;p=0.972;ηp2=0.01]. A sub-analysis indicated that PS was associated with reduced PFRS [F(2,36)=4.449;p=0.019;η2=0.20], specifically with the reflex-mediated component, among the predominantly inattentive ADHD subtype. Conclusions: Adults with ADHD displayed increased PF spasticity. PS use was associated with reduced reflex mediated PFRS in adults with the predominantly Inattentive subtype of ADHD only.

OBJECTIVE:Lack of understanding regarding the function of sleep and lack of education regarding healthy sleep practices may hinder college students from getting sufficient quality sleep. The current study examines the effect of a text message based educational intervention aimed at improving sleep quality and sleep hygiene behaviors in freshman undergraduate college students.PARTICIPANTS:135 undergraduate students were recruited fall of 2016.METHODS:Three discussion groups were held to test and refine the text message content. Students were randomized into a three-group pretest-posttest experimental design. Participants completed measures of sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and sleep knowledge.RESULTS:Data analysis indicated the intervention did not demonstrate significant differences between groups over time on sleep quality, sleep hygiene behaviors, and sleep knowledge.CONCLUSION:More research is needed to understand how best to harness text messaging technology and sleep health education to promote healthy sleep behaviors in college students.