The root canal system of mandibular incisors often has three pulp horns and a single root canal configuration. However, anatomical variations in these teeth, though rare, can pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. This case report presents a unique instance of a mandibular central incisor with two root canals, an anomaly that highlights the importance of detailed clinical and radiographic evaluation in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Not to know the endodontic anatomy is one of the reasons of a root canal failure.

Dentistry has evolved in the recent era whether in the technology of digital impressions or conservative restoration of endodontically treated tooth. Intraoral scanners (IOS) are devices for capturing direct optical impressions in dentistry. Optical impressions reduce patient discomfort. IOS are time-efficient and simplify clinical procedures for the dentist, eliminating plaster models and allowing better communication with the dental technician and with patients. The images of the dentogingival tissues captured by imaging sensors are processed by the scanning software, which generates point clouds. These point clouds are then triangulated by the same software, creating a 3D surface model (mesh). The 3D surface models of the dentogingival tissues are the result of the optical impression and are the ‘virtual’ alternative to traditional plaster models. Porcelain veneers have long been a popular restorative option that have evolved into a well-accepted treatment that can be fabricated in various ways. With the availability of newer high-strength materials such as lithium disilicate and processing technologies like CAD/CAM and heat pressing, dental professionals are now able to produce highly esthetic, high-strength restorations that blend seamlessly with the natural dentition while also withstanding posterior occlusal forces. This has resulted in innovative methods of providing minimally invasive dentistry. So instead of full crowns lets try to save the tooth and salvage the tooth structure. The purpose of this article is to summarize the restorations that may compete the full crowns so that they are kept into the minds of dentists when a tooth is planned to receive cuspal coverage.

Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are common sequelae of dental trauma. In case of complicated fractures, where the fractured segment is available and there is close approximation of the segment to the remaining tooth, root canal treatment followed by reattachment of the fractured segment with fibre post reinforcement is a feasible option. The procedure is simple and economic and needs less chair-side time as compared to many conventional methods. In addition, the procedure provides good and long-lasting aesthetics, because the original morphology, colour, and surface texture are maintained. This clinical case reports the treatment of coronal tooth fracture case that was successfully managed using tooth fragment reattachment using glass-fibre-reinforced composite post.

: Perforation is a pathologic or iatrogenic communication between root canal system and supporting tissues of teeth or oral cavity. Teeth with furcal perforation present difficult outcome and dubious prognosis. Iatrogenic root perforations occur in approximately 2.12% of endodontically treated teeth. Several materials have been proposed in case of perforation repair and calcium silicate based cements like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are the most recommended one. The present study reports clinical cases of furcal perforation repair using MTA in rotated maxillary premolar with deep buccal cervical abrasions and another one in mandibular molar.

Anterior teeth fracture is one of the most common types of complaints in the dental office. It affects not only the function and speech of the patient but also the emotional and psychological well-being of the patient due to esthetic concerns. The reconstruction of the structurally compromised anterior tooth is of great challenge to dentists. Conventional composite restoration is the choice of restoration in such cases, but strength is an issue. To provide longevity and strength to restorations fiber-reinforced composites can be used in such cases. In the present article esthetic rehabilitation of anterior fractured tooth using fiber reinforced composites is presented.

Introduction: Thorough knowledge of the root canal morphology is essential for successful endodontic therapy. C-shaped canal configuration is commonly seen in mandibular second molars. These canals are challenging to negotiate, debride, and obturate because of the high incidence of anastomoses, lateral canals, and apical deltas. The inability to detect and debride C-shaped canal anatomy can lead to endodontic failure. Case report: This case report highlights the management of a case of C- shaped canal configurations using thermoplastics gutta-percha technique. Conclusion: Complex intricacies and diverse morphology of C shaped canals can be managed with advanced irrigation and obturation techniques.

Graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are 2D carbon-based materials.Graphene family and materials, with superior and remarkable mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, are able to grab appreciable attention on the path of researches seeking new materials for future promising biomedical applications. Moreover, they have been shown to influence the differentiation of stem cells and to improve properties of biomaterials. Grapheneanditsderivatives can be combined with several biomaterials used in regenerative, restorative dentistry and medicine. Asitcanbefunctionalizedandcombinedwithseveralbiomolecules,grapheneholdsenormouspotentialtobeu sedasdrugsubstratesandscaffoldsforcellbasedtissueengineeringstrategies also. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 24-03-2020 Date of Acceptance: 11-04-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Root canal treatment leads to a considerable loss of tooth structure so after completion of root canal treatment it should ideally be followed by a restoration that allows cuspal coverage. This is important as there is a direct relationship between the amount of remaining tooth structure and the ability to resist occlusal forces. The cuspal width to length ratio of 1:2 or more decides whether there is a requirement of a full crown or an onlay. SHARONLAY is a new onlay design providing the necessary reinforcement in a conservative manner and protecting endodontically treated teeth against both vertical and horizontal forces. This case report presents the use of SHARONLAY as a possible alternative for post endodontic restorations.

To smile is easy to gift others a beautiful smile it’s a blessing. An important aspect of a beautiful smile is a dentition with no spaces. A diastema can be defined as space >0.5mm between the proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth. Midline diastemata (or diastemas) occur in approximately 98% of 6 years old’s (maxillary growth and ugly duckling stage), 49% of 11 years old’s and 7% of 12– 18-year-old’s4. But mostly after the late transitional period, it regresses on its own. The continuing presence of a diastema between the maxillary central incisors in adults often is considered unesthetic or malocclusion problems. A multitude of techniques have been employed to improve the smile by closing Diastema. Orthodontic treatment is a good choice for space closure and alignment correction, but the duration of the treatment and the multiple visits often appears hectic. And let's not forget about the expenses in ortho treatment. On the other hand, recent studies also showed that direct composite resin restorations are considered functional, stable, aesthetical, and cheaper restorations completed in less chair time by using appropriate techniques for patients with appropriate occlusion. Closure of midline diastema using free handed composite restoration is helpful, but this is tedious when there are multiple diastemata. With the emergence of advanced and contemporary techniques, the time required for performing restorative procedures has drastically reduced2. Means like just in ‘ONE SHOT’. This is a case report presenting the closure of multiple diastemata using a thermoplastic bleaching tray that would make the closure of multiple spaces in the anterior region easier and esthetic.

: Anxiety related to the dental environment and to specific dental treatments is a problem suffered by many patients worldwide, and it remains a significant challenge in providing dental care.1 Anxiety is an emotional state that helps normal individuals defend themselves against a variety of threats; however, anxiety disorders are a dysregulation of these normal defensive mechanisms, with either excessive or deficient responses.2

With advances in the field of dentistry, the G. V. Black’s concepts of extension for prevention are being replaced by the concept of minimally invasive dentistry. The present article reviews a few such techniques which help in preserving healthy tooth structure and at the same time help in efficient removal of diseased tooth structure.

Tricalcium silicate based cements like MTA though initially introduced as root end filling materials, have found wide acceptance in other treatment modalities like pulp capping, pulpotomies, apexification, perforation repairs because of their biocompatibility, sealing abilities etc. At the same time its limitations like longer setting time, difficult handling characteristics, potential to cause tooth discoloration have led to the exploration of modifications of the material. This article reviews a newer modification ‘Pozzolan Dental Cement’ which has been evaluated and compared with the existing tricalcium silicate-based cement.

Dental identification of a deceased individual is a core task in forensic odontology. The accurate recording of clinical dental procedures has become more important over time because of the increasing trend of lawsuits worldwide. Previous reports have discussed the practical usefulness of endodontic evidence for human identification. Advances in endodontic imaging, root and root canal anatomy, and biomaterials have been consistently emerging in endodontic research and practice. This article provides an update on the interrelationship between endodontics and forensic personal identification. Dental identification plays an important role in the identification of remains when there is a lack of a fingerprint record. Post-mortem radiograph taken in a way that it duplicates the ante-mortem radiograph are extremely useful in the comparison process for personal forensic identification. Even the status of a person’s teeth changes throughout life and the combination of decayed, missing, and filled teeth is measurable and comparable at any fixed point in time.(1)

The primary concern of the clinician is the 3-dimensional cleansing of the root canal system. The length of the root canal is a dimension which has been studied since long. But advancements in the imaging techniques and growing research has shown that the apical third of the root canal system has varying shapes that can lead to difficulties in the efficient cleaning & complete elimination of bacteria and debris. This article attempts to review various aspects related to the apical third dimension, techniques & methods presently available for its gauging, factors affecting the measurement and instruments or systems which claim a 3-dimensional cleaning and shaping of the apical third.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a contemporary, radiological imaging system designed specifically for use on the maxillo-facial skeleton. The system overcomes many of the limitations of conventional radiography by producing undistorted, three-dimensional images of the area under examination. These properties make this form of imaging particularly suitable for use in endodontics. Purpose of this paper is to review the potential applications of this newer radiographic technique in endodontics.

Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorialinfectious disease that afflicts a large proportionof the world’s population. Detecting pathologies at their earlieststages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeuticintervention, survival rates, and recurrence. Saliva has the potential to be used in the early detection and diagnosis of caries. This is due to the abundant biomarkers presentin saliva. This paper is aimed to compose a systematic review about the potential salivary biomarkers of dental caries

There have been numerous concepts, strategies, and techniques for preparing root canals from the beginning of modern day endodontics. Throughout the decades, a number of files has emerged for negotiating and shaping canals. Now a day, the clinical endodontics has progressed from utilizing a long series of stainless steel hand files and several rotary Gates Glidden drills to integrating Ni-Ti files for shaping canals. When performed properly they can be easy n helpful for shaping canals, 3-dimensional (3-D) disinfection, and filling of root canal systems. This article reviews regarding various generations of Ni-Ti rotary file systems.