Two Schiff base complexes, [Cu(HL)(2)], 1 and [Ni(HL)(2)], 2 [H2L = 2-((E)-(2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-1-naptaphenol] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In the crystalline architecture of 1 and 2, intermolecular O-HO hydrogen bonds link the molecules which form one-dimensional polymeric chain structure along the c axis. C-HO and C-H intermolecular interaction also connect the molecules in the structures which form to 3D structures of 1 and 2. The ligand and metal complexes 1 and 2 were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities.

GC-MS analysis of the essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus migricus Klokov & Des.-Shost, Thymus fallax Fisch. & Mey. and Thymus pubescens Boiss. & Kotschy ex Celak var. pubescens resulted in the identification of 26, 35 and 53 constituents, respectively. The major components in the essential oil of T. migricus were found to be alpha-terpineol (30.6%), thymol (20.7%) and alpha-terpinyl acetate (14.9%) while in the essentiol oil of T. fallax cis-carveol (29.6%) and alpha-terpineol (10.8%). Carvacrol was a dominant compound with a percentage 66.1% of the essential oil of T. pubescens var. pubescens. The data obtained indicate that the essential oils of Thymus species generally exhibit some bacteriostatic activity. The antioxidant activity of the tested essential oils were found to be slightly lower than butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA).

The aim of present study was to compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three Thymus kotschyanus varieties on the basis of the chemical compositions of oils obtained by hydrodistillation. GC-MS analysis of the isolated essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. eriophorus (Ronniger) Jalas, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. kotschyanus and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. glabrascens resulted in the identification of 55,, 34 and 57 constituents, respectively. The major components in the essential oils of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. eriophorus (Ronniger) Jalas and T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. kotschyanus were described as geraniol (55.0-59.1 %) and geranyl acetate (27.1-28.8 %). The oil of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. glabrascens is characterized by the high monoterpene fraction (86.5 %) and especially by the presence of carvacrol (57.2 %) and its precursor p-cymene (11.0 %). The essential oils were studied in vitro for antimicrobial activity (as inhibition zone and MIC) against fourteen bacteria strains using agar disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. The oils exhibited moderate zone of inhibitions against bacteria when compared to standard antibiotics ketoconazol and chloramphenicol used as controls. The samples were subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). When compared with the antioxidative potentials of the standard compound used in this study (BHA), essential oils of the T. kotschyanus varieties studied exerted remarkable antioxidant activity.

Metal complexes [Ni(HL1)(2)H2O] (1) and [Fe(HL1)(2)] (2), where HL1 is the tridentate Schiff base N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitrosalicylaldimine, were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by single crystal diffraction at 100K. Complexes 1 and 2 have a distorted octahedral geometry. The ligand and metal complexes were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by the disk diffusion, microdilution broth, and single spore culture techniques. Antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complexes have been tested against 10 bacteria, two yeast, and five filamentous fungi. The ligand and metal complexes were found to be active against all tested micro-organisms.

Two Schiff base ligands (HL1, HL2) and their Co(III) complexes, [Co(HL1)(L1)] (1) and [Co(HL2)(L2)] (2) [where HL1=2-((E)-(2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol and HL2=2-((E)-(2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol] were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been re-determined by single crystal diffraction at 100K. The ligands and their Co(III) complexes were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by the disc diffusion, microdilution broth and single spore culture techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the Co(III) complexes and the free ligands exhibit antimicrobial properties and the Co(III) complexes show enhanced inhibitory activity compared with their parent ligand.

The aim of present study was to compare the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Thymus spathulifolius on the basis of the chemical composition of oil obtained by hydrodistillation. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS and 29 components, representing 99.9 % of the essential oil, were identified. Carvacrol (49.0 %), thymol (17.8 %) and p-cymene (12.3 %) were the main components. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was assessed by the disc diffusion and microbroth dilution method. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by essential oil sample. The strongest activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values of 125 mu g/ml. The essential oil is also active on test fungi. A. flavus seemed to be sensitive to the investigated oil with MIC values of 250 mu g/ml. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil (100-1000 mu g/ml) was determined by means of the DPPH radical-scavenging method. At 1000 mu g/ml the essential oil concentration of T. spathulifolius, 77.31 +/- 0.21% DPPH was scavenging.

The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) is represented in Turkey by 38 species. Aerial parts of Thymus canoviridis Jalas (I and II). T cilicicus Boiss. & Bal., T comptus Friv. and T. revolutus Celak. collected from different localities of Turkey were subjected to hydro distillation to yield essential oils and analyzed by GC and GC/MS: Thymol was found as the main component in the oils of T canoviridis (I) (60.44 %), T. canoviridis (II) (64.79 %), T cilicicus (34.03 %), T. comptus (55.14 %) and T revolutus (66.96 %). All test bacteria and Candida albicans were inhibited by all the essential oils. The essential oils showed weak antifungal activity against all microfungi tested. Antioxidant activity was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging method.

A complex of NiII with 2,6-diacetylpyridinedihydrazone (L) towards nickel(II) has been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analyses, IR, electronic spectra and single crystal X-ray analyses. [NiL2](NO3) was crystallized in the tetragonal space group P-4 21 c. The complex exhibits the expected coordination sphere with six nitrogen atoms coordinated to the central NiII with a deformation from pseudo-octahedral geometry. Antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complex were investigated.

In this study the following parasites were found in fishes from the Dardanelles at Çanakkale: Cestoda: Bothriocephalus scorpii, Grillotia sp. and Scolex pleuronectis in Solea solea; Digenea: Ectenurus lepidus, Prodistomum polonii and Monascus filiformis in Trachurus trachurus, Hemiuridae metacercaria in S. solea, Lecithocladium excisum in Scomber scombrus, Lecithostaphylus retroflexus in Belone belone, Opechona bacillaris in Pomatomus saltatrix and S. scombrus and Schikhobalotrema sparisomae in Liza saliens; Nematoda: Hysterothylacium aduncum in T. trachurus, S. solea, Sparus aurata, P. saltatrix, L. saliens and Engraulis encrasicolus and Anisakis simplex in S. scombrus; Acanthocephala: Neoechinorynchus agilıs in L. saliens. No parasites were recovered from Sardinella aurita. Most of these species are well known in both the Mediterranean and Black Seas, but the Dardanelles appears to be the limit of the range of Anisakıs simplex.

The cobalt(IV) complex of 2,6-diacetylpyridine dioxime (dapdoH(2)) was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and FT-IR. The titled complex was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic space group and was screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by the disc diffusion and microtitter plate techniques using DMF as solvent. It has been found that the antimicrobial activity of the complex [Co(dapdo)(2)] is slightly higher than the free ligand (dapdoH(2)).