Introduction:Nail psoriasis significantly impairs quality of life (QoL). General dermatology instruments often lack sensitivity for specific nail-related burdens. This study aimed to validate the Turkish versions of the Nail Psoriasis Quality of Life Scale (NPQ-10) and the Nail Assessment in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (NAPPA). Methods:This cross-sectional validation study included 71 patients (42 male, 29 female). The questionnaires were translated into Turkish following international guidelines. Reliability and validity were assessed by analyzing correlations with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and clinical parameters (PASI, NAPSI). Results:The sample showed a male predominance (59.2%). DLQI scores showed a moderate positive correlation with NPQ-10 (r = 0.453) and NAPPA-QoL (r = 0.477). Patients with toenail involvement had significantly higher QoL impairment. While men had higher clinical severity scores (PASI), women reported higher stigma-related scores. Conclusion:The Turkish versions of NPQ-10 and NAPPA are valid and reliable instruments. They capture specific physical and psychosocial burdens of nail psoriasis more accurately than general tools, particularly regarding toenail involvement and stigma. Incorporating these tools into practice is recommended.

Introduction:Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder producing non-scarring alopecia that ranges from isolated patches to total scalp loss (alopecia totalis, AT) or loss of all body hair (alopecia universalis, AU). Although the nail unit may also be affected and is widely regarded as a poor prognostic sign, data on its prevalence and correlates in children with refractory disease remain limited. Methods:We reviewed the records of 91 children (aged 3.5-14 years) with treatment-resistant AA, defined as disease duration ≥6 months, <10% improvement in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score after ≥2 adequate courses of conventional treatment, and ≥1 established poor prognostic factor. Nail morphology, SALT score-based severity, clinical subtype, sex, disease duration, and family history of AA were recorded. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were applied (p < 0.05). Results:Sixty-three of 91 (69.2%) children had nail involvement. Pitting was the most common finding (47/63; 74.6%), followed by leukonychia (11.1%), trachyonychia (9.5%), longitudinal ridging (3.2%), and Beau's lines (1.6%). Nail involvement was significantly associated with longer disease duration (p = 0.049) but did not correlate with sex, clinical subtype, or scalp severity (all p > 0.05). Children without a family history of AA had significantly more severe disease and a higher proportion of AT or AU (p < 0.05). Conclusion:Nail involvement was present in nearly 70% of children with treatment-resistant AA, far above rates reported in unselected cohorts. Association with disease duration but not scalp severity suggests that nail-matrix autoimmune activity may follow a partially independent course. Routine nail examination provides prognostic insights and may help guide treatment.

Background:Bimekizumab inhibits interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F. Clinical trials have shown its efficacy in moderate--to-severe plaque psoriasis; however, real-world effectiveness and safety data remain limited. Objectives:To evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of bimekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis over 16 weeks in routine clinical practice. Methods:We conducted a single-centre retrospective observational study involving adults diagnosed with moderate-to--severe plaque psoriasis who were administered bimekizumab (320 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 16 weeks). The primary outcomes assessed were ≥90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) and complete clearance (PASI 100) at week 16. Secondary outcomes included ≥ 50% improvement in PASI, ≥75% improvement in PASI, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores and the incidence of adverse events. Results:In total, 86 patients were enrolled. Their mean (SD) age was 44.4 (12.3) years, 53% (n = 46) were women and 58% (n = 50) had prior biologic exposure. At week 16, 71% (n = 61) achieved PASI 90 and 66% (n = 57) achieved PASI 100. By week 4, 50% (n = 43) of the patients had achieved PASI 90. Patients who were biologic-naïve had higher PASI 90 rates than patients who were biologic-experienced (75% vs. 60%; P = 0.08). The complete clearance rates were 71%, 63% and 75% for scalp, nail and genital psoriasis, respectively. The mean (SD) DLQI decreased from 15.8 (6.2) at baseline to 3.2 (2.4) at week 16. Adverse events occurred in 33% of patients (n = 28), most commonly mild oral candidiasis (n = 15; 17%). No serious adverse events or treatment discontinuations were observed. Conclusions:Bimekizumab demonstrated high efficacy in the real-world treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, with a rapid onset of action and improvement in difficult-to-treat areas. The safety profile was favourable.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by peribulbar lymphocytic infiltration, follicular miniaturization, catagen/telogen follicles, and increased follicular stelae (streamers) in skin biopsies. Objectives: Our aim was to assess the number of follicular stelae of patients with AA and to evaluate their association with clinical type and severity and treatment response of AA. Materials and Methods: Histopathologic features including number of follicular stelae were recorded in skin biopsies taken from lesions of AA in 142 patients who attended our dermatology clinic from 2011 to 2017. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between the patient age and the number of follicular stelae (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of disease and the number of follicular stelae (P = 0.005). AA subtypes (0%–25% scalp hair loss) had a significantly lower number of follicular stelae than 75%–100% scalp hair loss and alopecia universalis (7.92 ± 4.21 vs. 13.23 ± 7.28). There was no statistically significant correlation between the treatment response and the number of follicular stelae (P = 0.75). Conclusion: Our results showed that number of follicular stelae varied among AA clinical types and correlated with severity. This study was the first to evaluate the correlation between the number of follicular stelae and severity of AA.

Introduction: Alopecia areata is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. In addition, treatment options are limited in pediatric patients. Topical immunotherapy treatment may be preferred, especially in pediatric patients with severe and/or refractory alopecia areata. Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of atopic dermatitis, which is one of the poor prognostic factors in pediatric alopecia areata, on topical immunotherapy treatment. Methods: The data of patients aged 18 years and younger who received at least 20 sessions of topical immunotherapy with the diagnosis of alopecia areata in our clinic between January 2018 and December 2020 were analyzed. Results: A total of 139 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 10.29 years, 67 (48.20%) of the patients were female, 72 (51.80%) were male, 24 (17.26%) of the patients had mild disease, 115 of them (82.73%) had severe disease. Atopic dermatitis accompanying alopecia areata was detected in 38 of the patients. Inadequate response was obtained in 60 (43.17%) patients and adequate response was obtained in 79 (56.83%) patients with topical immunotherapy treatment. In addition, the presence of atopic dermatitis in the patient group with inadequate response to treatment was found to be statistically significantly higher than the patient group with adequate response to treatment. Conclusions: Topical immunotherapy treatment was found to be effective in 56.83% of pediatric alopecia areata patients included in the study. Our study showed that questioning pediatric alopecia areata patients for atopic dermatitis before topical immunotherapy treatment can predict the response to treatment.

BACKGROUND:There are a limited number of studies evaluating the effects of alopecia areata (AA) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of pediatric patients and their families. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of pediatric patients with AA and their parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This single-center cross-sectional cohort study included 72 pediatric patients diagnosed with AA. The study was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021 in the dermatology department of a single tertiary center in Turkey. The HRQoL index of the pediatric patients was assessed with the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI). At the same time, their parents, who were primarily involved in the disease process, were evaluated using the Dermatological Family Impact Scale (DeFIS). An ordinal logistic regression model was used to detect predictors for CDLQI severity. RESULTS:The mean ± SD CDLQI of the pediatric patients who participated in our study was 8.4 ± 5.3, corresponding to moderate impairment. The highest impairment in CDLQI was observed in the symptoms and feelings domain, while the slightest impairment was observed in the domain of personal relationships (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score and all CDLQI domains, and the most substantial relationship was with the leisure domain (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). DeFIS scores of female patients were substantially higher than males (25.3 ± 8.6 vs. 17.6 ± 9, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION:Our study supports that AA is a disease that significantly impacts the HRQoL of affected children and their families.

Psoriasis is a common multisystem inflammatory disease, and arthritis is an essential component of the disorder, requiring early diagnosis and prompt treatment for successful management. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between nail and scalp involvement and other covariates with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This cross-sectional study, conducted from June 2021 through December 2021, included 763 patients from 11 different centers in Turkey. The severity of involvement was evaluated using psoriasis area severity index (PASI), nail psoriasis severity index (NAPSI), and psoriasis scalp severity index (PSSI) scores. Predictors for PsA were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. PsA (n = 155, 21.5%) was significantly more common in patients having a family history of psoriasis (43.2% vs 30.9%, P = .004), nail involvement (68.4% vs 52.3%, P < .001), and coexistence of nail and scalp involvement (53.7% vs 39.6%, P = .002). Furthermore, patients with PsA had considerably higher PASI (7 vs 5.6, P = .006), NAPSI (5 vs 2, P < .001), and PSSI scores (7 vs 4, P = .002) and longer disease duration (months) (126 vs 108, P = .009). In multivariate analysis, female gender [OR: 3.01, 95% CI (1.861–4.880), P < .001], nail involvement [OR: 2.06, 95% CI (1.293–3.302), P = .002)], and body mass index (BMI) [OR: 1.06, 95% CI (1.017–1.100), P = .005] were identified as independent predictors for PsA. Female gender, nail involvement, and high BMI are significant predictors for PsA and warrant detailed rheumatological assessment. Notably, being female is the strongest predictor of increased risk of PsA in our survey. Scalp involvement appears not to be associated with PsA. Also, the presence of PsA seems related to a more severe skin involvement phenotype.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that develops due to inflammation and causes sudden hair loss. Ithas been observed that family circumstances may contribute to the development of AA. This study aims to assessthe relationship between the development of alopecia areata in children, family functions, and depression andanxiety levels in their parents.Thirty-nine participants diagnosed with AA and 41 healthy controls (HC), agedbetween 8 and 18 years, and their parents participated in the study. The assessment of the children included thecompletion of a socio-demographic data form, the Parenting Style Scale (PSS), and the Revised Children's Anxietyand Depression Scale (RCADS). The parents provided information on a sociodemographic form, the BeckDepression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The children in the control group scoredsignificantly higher on the PSS acceptance/ involvement subscale than those with AA. In the AA group, the numberof authoritative and indulgent (PSS) families was statistically significantly lower than that of the families in the HC,and the number of neglectful families was statistically significantly higher than those of the control group. Totalanxiety and depression t scores (RCADS) were statistically significantly higher in the AA children than in theHC. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering familial factors and parental mental health tounderstand and address alopecia areata in children. Our findings support the psychosomatic component of AA.Implementing comprehensive treatment strategies that target psychological well-being and family dynamics couldprove crucial.

Introduction: Recent studies showed that antimicrobial peptides have an essential role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. This study aims to investigate serum catestatin levels in acne vulgaris patients and focuses on the change in serum levels after systemic isotretinoin therapy. Methods: This prospective study includes 101 acne vulgaris patients and 28 healthy controls. Serum catestatin levels were measured and compared between acne vulgaris and control group patients. Also, serum catestatin levels were measured again at the 24th week of isotretinoin therapy. Results: The serum catestatin levels in patients with acne vulgaris were statistically higher than in the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, serum catestatin levels were associated with the severity of acne vulgaris. A significant decrease in serum catestatin levels was detected after 24 weeks of systemic isotretinoin treatment. Conclusion: Catestatin was found to be significantly higher in the serum of patients with acne vulgaris compared to the control group. Although, the demonstration that catestatin levels decrease with isotretinoin treatment may indicate that it may have an important role in the pathogenesis of acne and could be used as a biomarker, future studies are needed to establish the role of catestatin in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.

Abstract Introduction Topical therapies are used in almost all patients with psoriasis. A novel fixed topical combination cream (GN-037) with a lower concentration (0.0356%) of clobetasol 17-propionate (CP) was developed together with urea, salicylic acid, and retinoic acid to provide a better benefit–risk ratio. The present multicenter randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled parallel group phase 2 study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GN-037 in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis (MMPP). Methods Patients (n = 190) were randomized (2:2:1) to receive GN-037 or CP or vehicle (V) cream twice daily to a selected target body lesion for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was treatment success defined as percentage of patients with at least two-grade improvement in Investigator’s Global Assessment Score (IGA) and IGA score equal to 0 or 1 evaluated at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 in each arm compared with baseline. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and safety were evaluated throughout the study. Results GN-037 demonstrated statistically significant superiority over V throughout the study. At week 4, treatment success was achieved in 37.9% of patients in the GN-037 arm compared with 29.2% and 9.1% in the CP and V arms, respectively. At least two-grade improvement compared with baseline was achieved by 57.6%, 72.7%, and 80.3% of the patients in the GN-037 arm for erythema, plaque elevation, and scaling, respectively. The mean changes in affected BSA were −2.1 ± 2.9, −1.8 ± 2.4, and −0.5 ± 1.6 in the GN-037, CP, and V arms, respectively. The TEAEs were similar among the arms and the most frequently observed TEAEs were Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) increase in all arms. Conclusions GN-037 was more effective than V in achieving primary and all secondary endpoints throughout the study. Safety data did not reveal any new safety concerns with the combination cream product. Therefore, 4 weeks of GN-037 treatment demonstrated an excellent efficacy and safety profile in patients with MMPP. Trial Registration number ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05706870.

Journal of Cosmetic DermatologyEarly View LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Two siblings with the skin fragility woolly hair syndrome Özge Aşkın MD, Özge Aşkın MD Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorDefne Özkoca MD, Corresponding Author Defne Özkoca MD defneozkoca@yahoo.com orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-2276 Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey Correspondence Defne Özkoca, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi No: 1, 34098 Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey. Email: defneozkoca@yahoo.comSearch for more papers by this authorTuğba Kevser Uzunçakmak MD, Tuğba Kevser Uzunçakmak MD orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-3463 Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorServer Serdaroğlu MD, Server Serdaroğlu MD Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author Özge Aşkın MD, Özge Aşkın MD Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorDefne Özkoca MD, Corresponding Author Defne Özkoca MD defneozkoca@yahoo.com orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-2276 Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey Correspondence Defne Özkoca, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi No: 1, 34098 Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey. Email: defneozkoca@yahoo.comSearch for more papers by this authorTuğba Kevser Uzunçakmak MD, Tuğba Kevser Uzunçakmak MD orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-3463 Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorServer Serdaroğlu MD, Server Serdaroğlu MD Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul Üniversity-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 July 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15264Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, itchy, and recurrent inflammatory skin disease.AD, which is known as a childhood disease because of its common occurrence, is also an important health problem in adults.With increasing prevalence rates throughout each year, particularly in developed countries, AD has a heterogeneous clinical presentation that varies with age and different degrees of severity.The treatment includes the use of topical or systemic agents after identifying the needs of the patients.Especially, the identification of molecules responsible for pathogenesis recently has allowed the development of tailored treatments.With a better understanding of both the disease and the economic burden of AD recently, studies have gained momentum on diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life.Guidelines and consensus reports addressing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been published in our country, too, in parallel to publications in various countries.In this age of rapid information sharing, all kinds of information need to be updated frequently and become further useful.For this purpose, it is planned to develop a current consensus guideline under the leadership of the Dermatoimmunology and Allergy Association, with the contributions of the Cosmetology and the Dermatology Academy Association, Kayseri Dermatology and the Venereal Diseases Association, and Manisa Dermatology and the Venereal Diseases Association, and through the participation of faculty members experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.The topics and the authors were chosen in December 2020.All Medline data published in the years between 1980 and 2021, current AD diagnosis and treatment guidelines, meta-analytical studies, and expert opinions and experiences were reviewed, and section drafts were developed.Literature data and section drafts were assessed and discussed during a meeting held in March 2021 with the participation of all authors.Then, the sections were finalized via e-mail correspondences and submitted as a final consensus report.

Dear Editor, Pilonidal cyst disease is a common, acquired, inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the natal clefts of the buttocks (1,2). The disease has a predilection for men, with a male-to-female ratio of 3-4:1. Patients are generally young, towards the end of second decade of life. Lesions are initially asymptomatic, while the development of complications such as abscess formation is associated with pain and discharge (1). Patients with pilonidal cyst disease may present to dermatology outpatient clinics, especially when the disease is asymptomatic. Herein we report the dermoscopic features of four cases of pilonidal cyst disease encountered in our dermatology outpatient clinic. Four patients who presented to our dermatology outpatient department for evaluation of a solitary lesion on buttocks were diagnosed with pilonidal cyst disease based on clinical and histopathological examination. All patients were young men and presented with solitary, firm, pink, nodular lesions in the region in proximity to the gluteal cleft (Figure 1, a, c, e). Dermoscopy of the first patient revealed a red structureless area in the central part of the lesion, consistent with ulceration. Additionally, white lines reticular as well as glomerular vessels were present at the periphery on the pink homogenous background (Figure 1, b). In the second patient, a yellow structureless central ulcerated area was surrounded by linearly arranged multiple dotted vessels at the periphery on a homogenous pink background (Figure 1, d). In the third patient, dermoscopy revealed a central yellowish structureless area with peripherally arranged hairpin and glomerular vessels (Figure 1, f). Lastly, similar to the third case, dermoscopic examination of the fourth patient showed a pink homogenous background with yellow and white structureless areas and peripherally arranged hairpin and glomerular vessels (Figure 2). Demographics and clinical features of the four patients are summarized in Table 1. Histopathology of all our cases revealed epidermal invagination and sinus formation, free hair shafts, and chronic inflammation with multinuclear giant cells. Histopathological slides of the first case can be seen in Figure 3 (a-b). All patients were referred to general surgery for treatment. The current knowledge pertaining to dermoscopy of pilonidal cyst disease is scarce in the dermatologic literature, and was previously evaluated in only two cases. Similar to our cases, the authors reported the presence of a pink-colored background, radial white lines, central ulceration, and multiple peripherally arranged dotted vessels (3). The dermoscopic features of pilonidal cysts differ from other epithelial cysts and sinuses. As for epidermal cysts, the presence of punctum and an ivory-white background color have been reported as characteristic dermoscopic findings (4,5). In addition, unruptured epidermal cysts reveal arborizing telangiectasia, while the ruptured epidermal cysts show peripheral linear branched vessels (4,5). A peripheral brown rim, linear vessels, and yellow homogenous background of the entire lesion have been reported as dermoscopic features of steatocystoma multiplex as well as milias (5). Of note, other cystic lesions mentioned above are typified by linear vessels, whereas pilonidal cysts present dotted, glomerular, and hairpin vessels. Pilonidal cyst disease must also be considered in the differential diagnosis of pink nodular lesions, along with amelanotic melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, pyogenic granuloma, lymphoma, and pseudolymphoma (3). Based on our cases and the two cases in the literature, pink background, central ulceration, peripherally arranged dotted vessels, and white lines seem to be common dermoscopic features of pilonidal cyst disease. Our observations demonstrate that central yellowish structureless areas along with peripheral hairpin and glomerular vessels are also among the dermoscopic features of pilonidal cyst disease. In conclusion, pilonidal cysts can be easily differentiated from other skin tumors by the aforementioned dermoscopic features, and the diagnosis in patients clinically suspected of having pilonidal cyst can be supported by dermoscopy. However, there is need for further studies in order to better characterize typical dermoscopic features of this disease and their frequency.

Citation: Uzuncakmak TK, Özkoca D, Simsek BC, Serdanoğlu S. Scrotal basal cell carcinoma – a rare manifestation. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022;12(1):e2022004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1201a04

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a health problem that can affect both genders and they continue to be a social problem.Although it is more common in young adults, it can affect individuals of any age.The aim of our study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics of STIs. Materials and Methods:We investigated the cases of anogenital warts, herpes genitalis, genital molluscum contagiosum, syphilis, granuloma inguinale,

BACKGROUND:Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair disease that causes hair loss without scarring. The etiopathogenesis of AA has not been fully understood yet. OBJECTIVE:To determine serum interleukin levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, and IL-17) in patients diagnosed with alopecia areata and to investigate the relationship of IL levels with the duration and severity of alopecia areata and the response to tofacitinib therapy. METHODS:Patients (≥16 years old) diagnosed with alopecia areata and healthy individuals as a control group was enrolled. Baseline serum interleukin levels of the patients and controls were measured. In the patient group receiving tofacitinib therapy, serum interleukin levels were measured again after 6 months. Disease severity for alopecia areata was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool. RESULTS:Sixty-one AA patients and 30 healthy individuals were included; they were comparable regarding age and sex. The mean disease duration for AA was 7 ± 6 years and the baseline mean Severity of Alopecia Tool score was 71 ± 30 (range, 20-100). Baseline IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than those in the control group (p < 0.001 for each). No significant correlation was found between the baseline interleukin levels and either disease duration or disease severity (baseline Severity of Alopecia Tool score). Among the patients receiving tofacitinib (n = 22), all interleukin levels significantly decreased after treatment. However, no significant relationship between the change in interleukin levels and the change in the Severity of Alopecia Tool scores was observed after tofacitinib treatment. STUDY LIMITATIONS:This is a monocentric study conducted in a single university hospital. CONCLUSION:High interleukin levels in alopecia areata patients and the significant decrease with treatment support the idea that interleukins have a role in pathogenesis. Nevertheless, no relationship could be demonstrated between IL levels and disease duration or severity.