Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are expected to evolve significantly in the future.Wireless sensor networks typically operate at low radio frequencies and include 2.4 GHz, 868 MHz, and 433 MHz.In the future, networks are likely to use larges radio frequencies in mili meter wave because they offer more bandwidth and speed.The high bandwidth and low latency of future generation networks will enable WSNs to transmit large amounts of data quickly and reliably.Mixer applications can help to improve the efficiency and reliability of data transmission in WSNs, especially in situations where there are many nodes transmitting data simultaneously.When the frequency is high, a WSN mixer may have trouble with integration and linearity, and it will need more power.In this research, a down-conversion Gilbert cell mixer that uses a Schottky diode and a BALUN is suggested as a way to enhance the efficiency of mixer in WSN.The input frequency of the mixer is 122.5GHz, and the LO signal frequency is 120.1GHz.This mixer simulation was done with ADS 130 nm RF-CMOS.This mixer changes RF signals from 122.5 GHz to 2.4 GHz using Schottky diodes and baluns to improve RF-LO isolation (70dB), noise figure (11.0dB), and conversion gain (7.9dB).The purposed CMOS mixer possesses a 1-dB compression point in the RF bandwidth of -6.0 dBm and an IF output power of -4.9 dBm.

A low noise and high conversion gain mixer is presented in this work which is effectively utilizing the differential biasing condition, separately for the transconductance stage and the switching stage, due to the folded double-balanced current reuse design.This has provided a great opportunity to work on the noise performance by reducing the noise figure separately for both stages.The mixer's architecture has been planned initially for the C-band and has been tested for the same, then the design parameters have been scaled with the same topology for the K-band (23 to 25 GHz).In this range of RF bandwidth, the proposed mixer's architecture shows the highest conversion gain of 24.2 dB, additionally with an excellent noise performance (noise figure of 7.9 dB) where a -3 dBm signal power has been fed from the local oscillator (LO).A higher extent of linearity has also been achieved with the 1-dB compression point of -17.8 dBm at the RF frequency of 24 GHz.From 23 to 25 GHz, the LO-to-RF, LO-to-IF isolations are approximately 36 dB and 30 dB, respectively.Implemented double balance current reuse architecture of the proposed mixer shows a power dissipation of 26.8 mW with a relatively higher power supply bias of 2.5 V.All the simulations have been performed on Advanced Design System (Keysight Technology) with 130 nm RF-CMOS (UMC) technology.

A growth of computational intelligence techniques is the motivation to propose an intelligent controller in this chapter to minimize the harmonics in a more electric aircraft systems due to the presence of nonlinear load applied in aircraft system. Conventional PI controller is implemented in the system and the compensated reference current is generated by sinusoidal current control theory. Shunt active power filter is mainly used to minimize the harmonics in the aircraft system feeding the nonlinear load. The proposed system uses conventional SCC- and ANFIS-based controller and the results are compared. The simulation result of total harmonic distortion (THD) is demonstrated through MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Nowadays digital image watermarking is adopted by people on a huge scale because it is easily available and assured protection of digital images against illegal uses and unauthorized distributions. This paper shows a comparative analysis of two different digital images watermarking technique based on DCT, DWT and SVD. Scheme-A uses a conventional DCT-DWT-SVD hybrid watermarking technique, while the scheme-B uses an image scrambling method (Arnold transform) with conventional DCT-DWT-SVD hybrid watermarking technique. To validate the preferred technique, the quality of the extracted watermark is measured with the help of normalized correlation (NC) between the original watermark and the extracted watermark received from the distorted watermarked image. The Normalized correlation (NC) of the preferred technique (scheme-B) is compared with the conventional technique (scheme-A). The preferred technique accomplishes the appropriate and even higher NC values than the conventional scheme.

In this paper, we propose inculcation of collaborative and adaptive filtering for a H.264 /AVC deblocking filter. For this, an improved PSNR–B model including optimal adaptive filter with weight adjustment is designed for improved PSNR calculation. Block matching 3D algorithm is used for the image decomposition and form a dictionary of blocking and deblocking components for post processing. The dictionary is capable of removing the blocking artifacts effectively and avoids unwanted blurring and maintains edges found in the original image. Proposed method enhances the filtration and reduces deblocking time. The proposed technique is able to reduce about 46% deblocking time with improvement in PSNR.

It has been observed that summer season is full of high risk of fire for our national parks. This forest fire affects not only our wild creature and eco system but also our economy. This paper presents the automatic generating warning signals for fire protection by use of advanced sensing technologies, which includes sensing cameras i.e. optical, or infrared, monitoring temperature and humidity etc. Whenever warning situation arise in the forest, this system sends warning signals and also measure intensity of fire based on factors like type of slope and ground surface, speed of wind, temperature, and humidity. This system is demanding and cost effective for the safety of national parks and wildlife heritage which have been treasured by valuable different vegetation and wildlife species.

Study on various techniques pertaining stereo video compressions for mobile three dimensional services are presented in this paper. Efficient compression is r equired for mobile services because of various limi tations like memory, bandwidth and processing power. There are various t echniques exist for encoding of three dimensional v ideo content for three dimensional mobile Television are examined an compared. These techniques are H.264/MPEG-4 AVC s imulcast coding, H.264/MVC technique and mixed resolution st ereo coding (MRSC). The first and second techniques ar based on a full left and right video content encoding, the t ird includes full left and a sub-sampled right vid eo content encoding for improved coding efficiency and reduced decoding com plexity. Using professional three dimensional video content, each method was tested. A comparison amongst three techn iques at different bit rate is presented. The compa rative results are shown between two parameters that is peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and bit rate.

Switching system is used for data transmission between two communicating Channels. This transmission can be done via trunks or it can be fully wireless, technically termed as Telephone Switching and Mobile switching, respectively. The implementation of the switching system using VHSIC hardware description language is more reliable and efficient than the previous switching system (1). It converts entire bulky switching unit which consists of routers, multiplexers, decoders, counters in to a single integrated circuit . Simulation results are presented for transfer of data from input subscriber to the output subscriber using sequential write / random read mode with the timing diagram(2). To verify the transfer of data from input subscriber to the output subscriber a 32 bit op-code is assumed in which each bit represents a specific function. In our Paper we have worked on Switching System for two different channels using VHDL, each channel have 16 users. They can communicate either intra channel or inter channel. We are also providing Caller ID facility. The incoming data through the inlets are written into the data memory and later read out to the appropriate outlets. The incoming and outgoing data are usually in serial form whereas the data are written into and read out of the memory in parallel form. That's why it is necessary to perform serial to parallel conversion and parallel to serial conversion at the inlets and outlets respectively. We have selected 32 bit op-code for communication among these channels because its ability to define all the functions. This 32 bit op-code is responsible for caller id and transmission and reception of particular data. I have implemented my work with the help of Xilinx ISE and Modelsim 10.2a.