Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a significant challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with recurrence rates as high as 14–28

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs in the lymphatic system because of lymphocytes tumor. This type of tumor has a high death rate among patients. In recent years, a lot of progress has been made based on understanding its exact biology; several treatment methods have been developed. Many patients are cured by a combination of different chemotherapies, despite their toxic effects. In recent years, despite various studies on monoclonal antibodies for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, there have been no narrative articles in this field. Therefore, combining monoclonal antibodies with chemotherapy is successful as they reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapies. These antibodies can target specif-ic cellular pathways of the immune system leading to limitation of cancer progression. In this article, various types of monoclonal antibodies, their underlying mechanisms of action, as well as their effects on patients with different phases and types of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been reviewed for a better understanding.

Background:According to recent studies, amyloid-β (Aβ) isoforms as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have remarkable predictive value for cognitive decline in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we aimed to investigate the correlations between several targeted proteomics in CSF samples with Aβ ratios and cognitive scores in patients in AD spectrum to search for potential early diagnostic utility.Methods:A total of 719 participants were found eligible for inclusion. Patients were then categorized into cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD and underwent an assessment of Aβ and proteomics. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) were used for further cognitive assessment. The Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, and Aβ42/38 ratios were considered as means of comparison to identify those peptides corresponding significantly to these established biomarkers and cognitive scores. The diagnostic utility of the IASNTQSR, VAELEDEK, VVSSIEQK, GDSVVYGLR, EPVAGDAVPGPK, and QETLPSK was assessed.Results:All investigated peptides corresponded significantly to Aβ42 in controls. In those with MCI, VAELEDEK and EPVAGDAVPGPK were significantly correlated with Aβ42 (p value < 0.001). Additionally, IASNTQSR, VVSSIEQK, GDSVVYGLR, and QETLPSK were significantly correlated with Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/38 (p value < 0.001) in this group. This group of peptides similarly corresponded to Aβ ratios in those with AD. Eventually, IASNTQSR, VAELEDEK, and VVSSIEQK were significantly associated with CDR, ADAS-11, and ADAS-13, particularly in MCI group.Conclusion:Our research suggests potential early diagnostic and prognostic utilities for certain peptides extracted from CSF-targeted proteomics research. The ethical approval of ADNI is available at ClinicalTrials.gov with Identifier: NCT00106899.