Purpose Previous studies reported that hyperlipidemia and blood lipid levels were associated with glaucoma, ocular hypertension (OHT), and intraocular pressure (IOP). However, studies aimed at investigating this association have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, to shed light on these inconclusive findings, we performed multiple distinct meta-analyses to clarify the association of hyperlipidemia and blood lipid levels with glaucoma, OHT, and IOP. Methods A systematic literature search from Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies. To assess the association between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma, we used the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). When we assessed the association between blood lipid levels and IOP levels, the pooled mean difference in IOP associated with a 10 mg/dL increase in the blood lipid level was estimated. The pooled difference in IOP was also estimated between patients with and without hyperlipidemia. All the papers that assessed the correlation between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma, between blood lipid levels and IOP levels, and between hyperlipidemia and IOP were included in this meta-analysis. Results We detected a marked association between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.16-1.61), with significant heterogeneity among studies. However, hyperlipidemia was not significantly associated with glaucoma in our analysis of only cross-sectional studies, studies that reported only on hypercholesterolemia patients, studies that were conducted only in North America and Europe, or studies in which normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients were included only in the subgroup analyses. The pooled results showed that an increase of 10 mg/dL in blood triglyceride levels would increase the IOP by 0.016 mm Hg (95% CI = 0.009-0.024), with evident heterogeneity between studies (P < 0.001; I2 = 92.0%). The pooled results showed that the blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) level both had a significant association with IOP. When compared to the patients with nonhyperlipidemia, those with hyperlipidemia had a significantly higher IOP of 0.51 mm Hg (95% CI = 0.18-0.83) (P = 0.001 for heterogeneity; I2 = 81.6%). Conclusions The evidence suggests that hyperlipidemia is significantly associated with an increased risk of glaucoma and that hyperlipidemia and the increased blood lipid levels are associated with increased IOP.

Purpose The relationship between hypothyroidism and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) has attracted intense interest recently, but the reported results have been controversial. This meta-analysis was carried out to determine the association between hypothyroidism and POAG. Methods The literature was identified from three databases (Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed). The meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%). Results A total of 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled OR based on 11 risk estimates showed a statistically significant increased risk of POAG prevalence among individuals with hypothyroidism (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.27-2.13). Substantial heterogeneity among these studies was detected (P < 0.001; I-2 = 83.2%). Sub-group analysis revealed that the cohort studies and case-control studies showed a significant association between hypothyroidism and POAG, which was not observed in cross-sectional studies. There was no significant publication bias in this study. Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that individuals with hypothyroidism have an increased risk of developing POAG.

BACKGROUND:Cataract surgery after penetratingkeratoplasty (PKP) is often challenging due to changes in the integrity of the cornea caused by PKP. For example, corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss and corneal edema commonly occur after traditional phacoemulsification cataract surgery in patients that previously had successful PKP. Recent studies have reported that femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) significantly reduces the need for ultrasound energy minimizing mechanical damage to the cornea and results in a reduction of CEC loss and corneal edema.CASE PRESENTATION:We report a case in which FLACS was used in a patient with previous PKP.CONCLUSION:This case supports the suggestion that the use of the femtosecond laser improves the surgical outcome of cataract surgery after PKP. This improvement may be result of the precise incision, controlled capsulorhexis, and reduced lens fragmentation experienced with the femtosecond laser which helps to reduce potential complications of cataract surgery after PKP.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implant and the Baerveldt implant for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.

AIM:To investigate the effect of onset time(T)for macula choroidal thickness(CT)in myopia patient. METHODS:A prospective cohort study was designed.One hundred and twenty-two myopia patients(244 eyes; 67 male and 55 female; aged 30～41 years, mean 35.1±4.6 years old)who received preoperative examinations from March 2014 to April 2015 were recruited in this study. The patients were divided into three groups according to onset time(T):group A(T≤5a), group B(5aF=1.56,P>0.05),age(F=2.13,P>0.05),best corrected visual acuity(BCVA, F=1.41,P>0.05),corneal curvature(F=1.65,P>0.05)and axial length(F=1.89,P>0.05)among the three groups. The choroid in macular region was measured by enhanced depth imaging(EDI)using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT). This study recorded the CT at subfoveal(SFCT), 1mm at temporal(T1mm), nasal(N1mm), superior(S1mm)and inferior(I1mm)to the fovea and 3mm temporal(T3mm), nasal(N3mm), superior(S3mm)and inferior(I3mm)to the fovea, respectively. The differences of CT at the same position among the three groups were analyzed.RESULTS:The mean SFCT for group A,B,C were 238.32±57.95μm, 230.58±67.21μm, 221.63±62.37μm respectively in this study. The CT was found no significant difference in different locations except N3mm(tA-B=4.34,P<0.05)between group A and B. The CT was found no significant difference in different locations except N3mm(tB-C=7.61,P<0.05)between group B and C. The CT was found significant difference in different locations, except T3mm(t=0.76,P>0.05)between group A and C. Significant difference was found at N3mm(tA-B=4.31,t B-C=7.59,tA-C=12.18; P<0.05)among the three groups. CONCLUSION:The choroidal thickness decreases as the myopia onset time is earlier, especially at nasal.

The purpose of this study was to examine the choroidal thickness of patients with high myopia using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and compare them with healthy subjects.