采用单因子设计,选择宁乡猪、大约克夏猪和汉普夏猪为亲本,设置宁乡猪×宁乡猪(宁宁)、大约克夏猪×宁乡猪(大宁)、汉普夏猪×宁乡猪(汉宁)3个品种组合,探讨宁乡猪杂交组合肉质性能。结果表明:不同组合间肌内脂肪、失水率、风味氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸等18项指标差异显著。汉宁、大宁、宁宁失水率分别为8.79%、9.61%、9.48%,肌内脂肪分别为16.41%、15.20%、16.52%;风味氨基酸和总氨基酸分别为71.07%、68.61%、67.09%和93.68%、90.16%、88.13%,油酸、不饱和脂肪酸分别为51.24%、50.63%、50.96%和62.36%、62.11%、60.13%;钙分别为31.02、29.11、27.91μg/g。表明,宁乡猪杂交组合后代能保持其肉质优良特性。

采用单因子设计,选择宁乡猪、大约克夏猪和汉普夏猪为亲本,设置宁乡猪×宁乡猪(宁宁)、大约克夏猪×宁乡猪(大宁)、汉普夏猪×宁乡猪(汉宁)3个品种组合,探讨宁乡猪杂交组合效应.结果表明:汉宁、大宁、宁宁生长肥育全期平均日增重和料重比分别为734.21、721.02、692.36 g和3.40、3.50、3.67;背膘厚、眼肌面积分别为24.36、27.77、32.55 mm和25.20、24.11、19.25 cm2;后腿比率、瘦肉率分别为29.95%、30.18%、25.54%和55.97%、52.73%、37.98%;肉色、大理石纹评分分别为3.06、2.92、3.32和3.03、3.13、3.33;pH分别为6.19、6.27、6.13;商业分割左半胴体产值分别为681.63、653.63、651.58元.表明,宁乡猪杂交组合具有较高的生长速度和胴体品质,有望在未来利用地方猪种资源培育和开发适应市场与生产变化的品牌猪的进程中发挥重要作用.

Based on the investigations to breed distributions,natural environments and references and combined with the feeding experiments,slaughter test and lab test,the typical classification,body weight and scales,reproductive traits,growth and meat traits of Ningxiang pigs were studied.Compared with the results of preliminary estimations in 1980,body weight,body height,body length,chest girth in Ningxiang pigs increased by 27.67%,8.03%,7.26%,6.97% respectively;while the horizontal pastern decreased 92.2%;total litter size and body weight at birth,litter weight at 20 days,litter weight at 60 days,and survival rate at 60 days increased by 11.62%,17.44%,78.97%,66.04% and 6.28% respectively;The average daily gain at growing-finishing period,being 530.25 g/day,increased 2.11%;back-fat thickness decreased 25.47%,while loin-eye area and lean meat percentage increased 8.5% and 2.68% respectively.And the meat quality test results indicated that intramuscular fat was high to 5.37%,essential amino acids,flavors amino acids,oleic acid(18:1),linolenic acid(18:2) and unsaturated fatty acids were 122.4%,220.5%,51.0%,7.74 % and 59.6% respectively.This study indicated that Ningxiang pigs have fine germplasm characteristics and strong plasticity.Thus,with the focus on the preservation of genetic resource diversity in pigs,high contents of intramuscular fat and oleic acid and other nutritional and special flavors in Ningxiang pig meats should also be emphasized with highlights.

本文针对宁乡猪早熟、易肥、蓄脂力强的种质特性和耐粗饲传统观念,按15～35kg、35～55kg、55～75kg和15～35kg、35～60kg、60～70kg体重阶段分别设计阉公猪和母猪“玉米-豆粕-鱼粉”型饲粮,探讨宁乡猪的肥育及胴体性能。结果表明,阉公猪生长肥育全期日增重达719.46g,阉公猪、母猪分别表现为前高、中低、后回升和前低、中高、后回落的日增重曲线。日增重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、瘦肉率阉公猪比母猪分别高48.74%、1.76个百分点、5.34%和0.44个百分点,料重比、6～7肋背膘厚、皮厚、三点均膘厚和肥膘率比母猪低22.89%、13.64%、9.43%、7.11%和2.55个百分点,表明阉公猪的生长肥育性能优于母猪。同时,与历史资料比较表明,宁乡猪生长肥育性能的可塑性强,优化饲粮是提高宁乡猪肥育性能的基础。