Understanding the metabolic profile of backfat is essential for optimizing breeding strategies and improving pork production. While the early stages of adipose tissue development have been partially characterized, metabolic alterations during the fattening phase (180-360 days)- a critical period for physiological maturation and carcass trait formation-remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we characterized the metabolomic profiles of backfat from Ningxiang pigs across four developmental stages (180d, 240d, 300d, 360d) and evaluated their relationships with carcass traits. A total of 154 metabolites exhibited significant temporal variation (q < 0.05), including functional lipids such as methanandamide phosphate and oleoylethanolamide, which are associated with appetite regulation and lipid metabolism. The progressive accumulation of bioactive exogenous metabolites like α-tocotrienol and cephaeline, indicated potential stage-dependent immunometabolic adaptations. In contrast, several synthetic xenobiotics, potentially derived from feed additives or environmental exposure, accumulated in backfat tissue and may represent potential risks to animal health and pork safety. Co-expression network analysis identified a metabolite module strongly associated (|R| > 0.7, q < 0.05) with key carcass traits, within which psychotrine-an understudied plant-derived alkaloid not previously associated with animal growth- was identified as a hub metabolite. This study establishes a comprehensive metabolic characterization of backfat during the fattening phase in an indigenous pig breed. Collectively, these findings provide novel candidate biomarkers for carcass trait prediction, highlight the potential impact of synthetic compound accumulation, and offer valuable insights for precision breeding, nutritional management, and meat safety assessment in swine production.

Indigenous pig breeds in China possess distinct biological characteristics, yet their growth dynamics and feeding behaviors remain inadequately characterized. This study compared growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feeding behavior in four Hunan indigenous pig breeds, Dongshan (DS), Longtan (LT), Pushi (PS), and Taoyuan (TY), during the fattening stage (approximately 50–90 kg, over 60 days). Automated feeding stations were used to continuously monitor body weight, feed intake, and feeding behavior over 60 days in 48 pigs (12 per breed). Linear mixed model and generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) were employed to analyze growth trajectories, FCR dynamics, and temporal feeding patterns. The PS breed exhibited the highest daily gain (0.785 kg/day) and lowest FCR (3.98), whereas the DS breed showed the poorest feed efficiency (FCR 4.83). GAMM revealed significant non-linear changes in FCR and feeding rate across growth stages, with breed-specific critical windows of divergence. Notably, the TY breed achieved comparable growth to DS and LT with superior feed efficiency, suggesting adaptive metabolic characteristics. Diurnal feeding rhythms were conserved across breeds, despite marked differences in absolute feeding rates. These findings provide a fundamental database for precision feeding management and genetic improvement of indigenous pig breeds.

Dietary flavonoids are increasingly investigated in swine nutrition, but how supplementation level, intervention duration, and growth stage are associated with growth and antioxidant responses remains unclear. This PRISMA 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated dietary flavonoid supplementation in pigs. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials were synthesized using three-level random-effects models to account for dependent effect sizes. Flavonoid supplementation was associated with increased average daily gain (ADG; SMD = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.428 to 1.009; I2=51.85%) and a lower feed-to-gain ratio (F/G; SMD = -0.708, 95% CI: -0.929 to -0.487; I2=32.25%), whereas the association with average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.217, 95% CI: -0.101 to 0.535; I2=59.30%). Supplementation was also associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SMD = 0.907) and glutathione peroxidase activities (SMD = 0.666) and reduced malondialdehyde concentrations (SMD = -0.989), although heterogeneity was substantial for these outcomes (I2=96.47-97.83%). The certainty of evidence was assessed as low for ADG and moderate for ADFI, F/G, and antioxidant outcomes under the adapted GRADE framework. Exploratory stage-specific dose-time meta-regression identified potential relationships between supplementation intensity and ADG in weaned pigs (35 effect sizes from 14 studies) and finishing pigs (12 effect sizes from four studies). In finishing pigs, intervention duration was associated with growth responses. However, this subgroup contained few independent studies, and intervention duration covaried with age, physiological stage, flavonoid source, dose, health status, and basal diet. This association therefore does not establish an independent causal effect of intervention duration.

Indigenous pigs constitute crucial genetic reservoirs. Adipose tissue is central to pig growth and metabolism, yet its molecular ontogeny remains poorly characterized in indigenous breeds such as the Ningxiang pig. We employed mass spectrometry to profile backfat proteomes across six postnatal stages (60-360 days). Proteomes clearly separated early (60-120 days) from late stages (300-360 days). Older pigs showed enrichment in processes linked to energy metabolism, translation, immune function, and mitochondrial activity. We identified 43 lipid metabolism proteins exhibiting significant age-dependent abundance. Weighted co-abundance network analysis revealed four protein modules significantly correlated with lean meat percentage, fat percentage, and carcass weight. Intramodular analysis identified four hub proteins-ALDH18A1, FABP4, FBP1, and HADHB-as putative candidates associated with lipid transport, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. This study links temporal proteomic profiles with key carcass traits, providing a data resource and a network-based framework for future research.

Feed is the largest cost in pig production, driving interest in alternative ingredients that maintain performance at lower expense. Alfalfa, a nutrient-rich and widely available forage legume, shows promise as a partial feed substitute. However, it remains unclear how partial replacement with alfalfa affects growth dynamics, feed efficiency, and feeding behavior across fattening stages in pigs. This study investigated the effects of substitution with 8% alfalfa or alfalfa silage on growth performance and feeding behavior in growing-finishing pigs over a 60-day fattening period (60-130 kg). A total of 24 pigs were randomly assigned to three diet treatments: commercial feed, 8% alfalfa substitution, or 8% alfalfa silage substitution. Weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feeding hour were measured and analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and generalized additive mixed models. Results showed no significant effects of alfalfa on overall weight, feed intake or FCR. However, Pigs fed commercial feed showed superior FCR during mid-fattening (weeks 2.8-5.2, P < 0.05) but worse FCR than alfalfa-fed groups during late-finishing phase (weeks 6.6-8, P < 0.05). Moreover, alfalfa silage altered animal behavior by shifting feeding hour by roughly three hours earlier (P < 0.05). In summary, substitution with 8% alfalfa or alfalfa silage can be incorporated without compromising overall pig performance. While, integrating alfalfa in later fattening stages could further improve feed efficiency and reduce costs. This supports the use of phase-specific feeding strategies and adoption of such practices could enhance both economic and environmental sustainability in commercial pig farming.

Background Shaziling pig is a well-known indigenous breed in China who has superior meat quality traits. However, the genetic mechanism and genomic evidence underlying meat quality characteristics of Shaziling pigs are still unclear. To explore and investigate the germplasm characteristics of Shaziling pigs, we totally analyzed 67 individual’s whole genome sequencing data for the first time (20 Shaziling pigs [S], 20 Dabasha pigs [DBS], 11 Yorkshire pigs [Y], 10 Berkshire pigs [BKX], 5 Basha pigs [BS] and 1 Warthog). Results A total of 2,538,577 SNPs with high quality were detected and 9 candidate genes which was specifically selected in S and shared in S to DBS were precisely mined and screened using an integrated analysis strategy of identity-by-descent (IBD) and selective sweep. Of them, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 ( DKK2) , the antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway, was the most promising candidate gene which was not only identified an association of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid quantitative trait locus in PigQTLdb, but also specifically selected in S compared to other 48 Chinese local pigs of 12 populations and 39 foreign pigs of 4 populations. Subsequently, a mutation at 12,726-bp of DKK2 intron 1 (g.114874954 A > C) was identified associated with intramuscular fat content using method of PCR–RFLP in 21 different pig populations. We observed DKK2 specifically expressed in adipose tissues. Overexpression of DKK2 decreased the content of triglyceride, fatty acid synthase and expression of relevant genes of adipogenic and Wnt signaling pathway, while interference of DKK2 got contrary effect during adipogenesis differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusions Our findings provide an analysis strategy for mining functional genes of important economic traits and provide fundamental data and molecular evidence for improving pig meat quality traits and molecular breeding.

Lipids and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential contributors to meat flavor. However, no studies to date have comprehensively explored the lipids and VOCs in raw pork from Ningxiang (NX) pigs and their hybrid breed Berkshire × Ningxiang (BN) pigs. This study aimed to identify the lipids and VOCs and reveal the crucial lipids for characteristic flavor formation. Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi muscle of six NX and BN 8-month-old pigs each. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of NX pork was 5.43%, almost twice that of BN pork (p < .01). Total 187 significantly different lipids were identified between NX and BN pork (variable importance in projection scores > 1, p < .05). Further analysis suggested 38 lipids were potential markers. Out of 66 identified VOCs, 16 key VOCs were screened both in NX and BN pork. Furtherly, hexanal-D, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, 1-penten-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, and ethyl acetate-D were found to be key differential VOCs. Comparing with NX pork, BN pork significantly improved pungent odor. Correlation between the lipid markers and key VOCs demonstrated that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and triglyceride (TG) were identified as key differentiating compounds for characteristic flavor. Our findings provided a novel understanding of pork identification and a basis for improving the flavor quality of NX and BN pork.

Background: Ningxiang pigs are known for tasty meat and high intramuscular fat content. Currently, the slow growth rate and low lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs have greatly restricted the development of its market. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the changes in carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organ weight indices, bones and muscles development with slaughter ages of Ningxiang pigs. Methods: The experiment used 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days old Ningxiang pigs as the research objects, and 6 castrated male pigs in each group were randomly selected. The carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organs weights and skeletal muscle weights were measured. The correlation between carcass traits and meat quality were analyzed by bivariate analysis, and the regression equations between slaughter ages and these indicators were established. Result: The results showed that pre-slaughter weight and weights of carcass, head, feet, skeleton and muscle, loin eye area, cooking yield, marbling and the large intestine weight index at 0 d, backfat thickness at 60 d, fat percentages at 60 and 120 d, and the lean meat percentage at 240 d, redness at 120 d of Ningxiang pigs were lowest, the heart, lung, kidney and small intestine weight percentages were highest at 0 d (P less than 0.05). Carcass traits and meat quality had different significant correlation at different slaughter ages. So the indices of carcass, meat quality, bones and muscles of Ningxiang pigs changed with slaughter ages. In general, the overall performance of 300 d Ningxiang pigs is better.

OBJECTIVE:Daweizi (DWZ) is a famous indigenous pig breed in China and characterized by tender meat and high fat percentage. However, the expression profiles and functions of transcripts in DWZ pigs is still in infancy. The object of this study was to depict the transcript profiles in DWZ pigs and screen the potential pathway influence adipogenesis and fat deposition.METHODS:Histological analysis of backfat tissue was firstly performed between DWZ and lean-type Yorkshire pigs, and then RNA sequencing technology was utilized to explore miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs profiles in backfat tissue. 18 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were randomly selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to validate the reliability of the sequencing results. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted to investigate the potential pathways influence adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, and a schematic model was further proposed.RESULTS:A total of 1,625 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in DWZ pigs, including 27 upregulated and 45 downregulated miRNAs, 64 upregulated and 119 downregulated lncRNA, 814 upregulated and 556 downregulated mRNAs. QPCR analysis exhibited strong consistency with the sequencing data. GO and KEGG analysis elucidated that the differentially expressed transcripts were mainly associated with cell growth and death, signal transduction, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PI3K-Akt, adipocytokine and foxo signaling pathways, all of which are strongly involved in cell development, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Further analysis indicated that the BGIR9823_87926/miR-194a-5p/AQP7 network may be effective in the process of adipocyte differentiation or adipogenesis.CONCLUSION:Our study provides comprehensive insights into the regulatory network of backfat deposition and lipid metabolism in pigs from the point of view of miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs.

Fat deposition is an economically important trait in pigs. Ningxiang pig, one of the four famous indigenous breeds in China, is characterized by high fat content. The underlying gene expression pattern in different developmental periods of backfat tissue remains unclear, and the purpose of this investigation is to explore the potential molecular regulators of backfat tissue development in Ningxiang pigs. Backfat tissue (three samples for each stage) was initially collected from different developmental stages (60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days after birth), and histological analysis and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were then conducted. Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM) method was used to qualify gene expressions, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, strongly co-expressed genes in modules, which were named by color, were clustered by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on dynamic tree cutting algorithm. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment were subsequently implemented, and hub genes were described in each module. Finally, QPCR analysis was employed to validate RNA-seq data. The results showed that adipocyte area increased and adipocyte number decreased with development of backfat tissue. A total of 1,024 DEGs were identified in five comparison groups (120 days vs. 60 days, 180 days vs. 120 days, 240 days vs. 180 days, 300 days vs. 240 days, and 360 days vs. 300 days). The turquoise, red, pink, paleturquoise, darkorange, and darkgreen module had the highest correlation coefficient with 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days developmental stage, while the tan, black and turquoise module had strong relationship with backfat thickness, adipocyte area, and adipocyte number, respectively. Thirteen hub genes (ACSL1, ACOX1, FN1, DCN, CHST13, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL6A3, COL5A1, COL14A1, OAZ3, DNM1, and SELP) were recognized. ACSL1 and ACOX1 might perform function in the early developmental stage of backfat tissue (60 days), and FN1, DCN, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL6A3, and COL14A1 have unignorable position in backfat tissue around 120 days developmental stage. Besides, hub genes SELP and DNM1 in modules significantly associated with backfat thickness and adipocyte area might be involved in the process of backfat tissue development. These findings contribute to understand the integrated mechanism underlying backfat tissue development and promote the progress of genetic improvement in Ningxiang pigs.

Ningxiang pigs exhibit a diverse array of fatty acids, making them an intriguing model for exploring the genetic underpinnings of fatty acid metabolism. We conducted a genome-wide association study using a dataset comprising 50,697 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and samples from over 600 Ningxiang pigs. Our investigation yielded novel candidate genes linked to five saturated fatty acids (SFAs), four monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Significant associations with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs were found for 37, 21, and 16 SNPs, respectively. Notably, some SNPs have significant PVE, such as ALGA0047587, which can explain 89.85% variation in Arachidic acid (C20:0); H3GA0046208 and DRGA0016063 can explain a total of 76.76% variation in Elaidic Acid (C18:1n-9(t)), and the significant SNP ALGA0031262 of Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) can explain 31.76% of the variation. Several significant SNPs were positioned proximally to previously reported genes. In total, we identified 11 candidate genes (hnRNPU, CEPT1, ATP1B1, DPT, DKK1, PRKG1, EXT2, MEF2C, IL17RA, ITGA1 and ALOX5), six candidate genes (ALOX5AP, MEDAG, ISL1, RXRB, CRY1, and CDKAL1), and five candidate genes (NDUFA4L2, SLC16A7, OTUB1, EIF4E and ROBO2) associated with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively. These findings hold great promise for advancing breeding strategies aimed at optimizing meat quality and enhancing lipid metabolism within the intramuscular fat (IMF) of Ningxiang pigs.

This study evaluated the effects of flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) on plasma biochemical indices, serum activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes, fat morphology, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism in different adipose tissues of finishing pigs. We used 120 Chinese hybrid barrows of Berkshire and Bama mini-pigs with an average initial body weight of 45.11 ± 4.23 kg. The pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups and fed a control diet based on corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran or a control diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, or 0.16% FML. Each experimental group had six replicates (pens), with four pigs per pen. After a 7-d adaptation period, the feeding trial was conducted for 58 d. Blood and adipose tissue samples were collected from 30 pigs (one pig per pen) at the end of the test. The results showed that FML supplementation significantly decreased the feed intake to body gain ratio, the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and free fatty acids, and the serum activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (linear or quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and decreased the plasma triglyceride concentration (quadratic, P = 0.07). Increasing FML supplementation increased the average daily gain and serum activities of lipoprotein lipase (linear and quadratic effects, P < 0.05) and adipose triglyceride lipase (linear, P < 0.05). Dietary FML supplementation decreased the adipocyte area in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA) tissue of finishing pigs (linear, P = 0.05) and increased the adipocyte area in the visceral adipose tissue (quadratic, P < 0.01). Increasing FML supplementation decreased the C20:1 content in DSA, abdominal subcutaneous adipose, and visceral adipose tissues of finishing pigs (P < 0.05) and increased the C18:3n3 and n-3 PUFA contents (P < 0.05). The lipid metabolism genes were regulated by the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway, and their expressions differed in different adipose tissues. These findings suggest that FML improved growth performance, regulated lipid metabolism, inhibited fat production, and improved fatty acid distribution in the adipose tissue of finishing pigs, thereby improving pig fat’s nutritional quality and health value.

Background: The Chinese Shaziling pig is representative of good meat quality but has been scarcely utilized on commercial farms because of the unpleasing growth and carcass traits. Methods: The growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acids profile were analyzed among (Berkshire × Shaziling) × (Berkshire × Shaziling) (BS × BS), BS × S, Shaziling (S × S) and S × BS pigs. Result: BS × BS pigs exhibited higher growth rate and superior carcass performance. Each breed possessed desirable meat quality, as evidenced by moderate pH, color score, IMF content and shear force value, among which the performance of S × BS pigs was prominent. Take account of the contents of SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs and PUFAs/SFAs value, the eating quality of S × BS pigs was favorable and the meat of BS × BS pigs, by contrast, was helpful for human health with advanced nutritional value. In summary, BS × BS pigs is more effective for commercial development of Shaziling pigs and providing healthy pork products.

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological evolutionary process and potential target gene function of miR-192,and the expression differences of miR-192 in adipose tissue of Daweizi pigs（obese-type） and Yorkshire（lean-type）.【Method】 miR-192 mature sequences were obtained using the miBase database, and the distribution characteristics of miR-192 on the genomes of different species was located using the Ensembl database.The phylogenetic tree of miR-192 was constructed using the Mega 11.0. The expression of miR-192 in the dorsal adipose tissue of Daweizi pigs and Yorkshire were analysised by quantitative Real-time PCR,and the expression differences were compared.Multiple target gene prediction sites were used to predict the target genes that might bind to pig miR-192,and GO function and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the target genes.【Result】 miR-192 maintained a high degree of conservation during biological evolution.Quantitative Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of miR-192 in the dorsal adipose tissue of Daweizi pig was extremely significantly higher than that of Yorkshire（P＜0.01）. The results of GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the target gene of miR-192 mainly play the role of pre-transcriptional regulation and binding, and mainly function in chromatin and nucleus, and most genes were enriched in signaling pathways related to adipose metabolism.Five conserved target genes of pig miR-192 were obtained from the intersection of prediction results of different species on three websites.【Conclusion】 miR-192 was highly conserved in biological evolution and might regulate the expression of target genes by targeting, and played an important role in adipose tissue differentiation of pigs, which provided a theoretical basis for further research on the regulatory mechanism of miR-192 in adipose tissue differentiation.

1 引言 宁乡猪是我国四大名猪种之一,是典型的脂肪型猪种.随着近年来饲养环境及消费市场的变化,因脂肪型出名的宁乡猪逐渐被养殖户淘汰,逐渐造成了我国优质地方资源猪种饲养占有率的下降.因此,如何提高宁乡猪的瘦肉率和市场占有率逐渐成为研究者关注的问题.本试验通过对不同屠宰月龄下宁乡猪及其杂交猪内脏组织变化进行研究,以期为宁乡猪的生理特性和育种选育研究提供形态学数据资料,也为宁乡猪的开发利用提供科学依据和思路.

文章在提出原生态保种概念基础上开展了宁乡花猪保种群世代Ⅰ公猪85头、母猪464头和世代Ⅱ公猪76头、母猪428头1～16胎次不等的世代繁育,历时10年获得系统调查数据.运用该数据分析所建立的以世代界定车轮、以系谱血缘实施组配选配、以逐一轮次规范有序繁殖的原生态保种体系方法的实践效果.结果表明:1)保种群161头公猪、892头母猪闭锁繁殖4536窝41269头仔猪比《湖南省家畜家禽品种志和品种图谱》(1984版)中的宁乡花猪毛色比率趋势体现出更为发展、而与保护区种群趋势基本一致;2)产仔数、产活仔数分别为10.42头和9.10头,其最高值为20头和17头.而以标准差衡量世代间、血缘间产仔数、产活仔数均值的离散、变异,其范围为1.94～2.84头和2.02～2.78头,反映出种群内、系别间均存在高产基因及基因型个体;3)相比《湖南省家畜家禽品种志和品种图谱》(1984版)中的宁乡花猪的数据,该项原生态保种所获性能指标不仅稳定、而且有所提高.由此,体现出原生态保种概念及其体系方法的正确性和可行性.

Background: Meat quality in pigs is an extremely important economic trait. The Shaziling pig is representative of good meat quality but has been scarcely utilized because of the unpleasant growth rate and lean percentage. Methods: The differences of muscle chemical composition, amino acids profile and antioxidative capacity were evaluated among [(Berkshire × Shaziling) × (Berkshire × Shaziling) (BS × (B × S)], (Berkshire × Shaziling) × Shaziling [(B × S) × S], Shaziling × (Berkshire × Shaziling) [S × (B × S)] and Shaziling (S × S) pigs. Result: Four groups had plentiful contents of mineral elements (Ca, Zn, Na, K, Cu, Mg, Mn) and abundant amino acids content and no obvious differences in diameters of myofibers and adipocytes were found among four groups. In addition, (B × S) × S pigs had the highest crude protein content, possessed comprehensive nutrient in amino acids and showed preferable antioxidative capacity, suggesting that the meat of (B × S) × S pigs has optimal shelf life.

为评价杜洛克与宁乡猪杂交组合的效果,以21头杜宁杂种猪(杜洛克为父本,宁乡猪为母本)为研究对象,对其胴体性状、肉质性状、肌肉成分相关指标进行测定,并就胴体性状和肉质性状相关性进行了分析.结果显示,宰前体重为(99.00±7.32) kg的杜宁杂种猪,屠宰率为(71.15±1.29)%,眼肌面积为(29.45±2.64) cm2,背膘厚为(38.50±5.85) mm,失水率(15.23±2.56)%,嫩度(4.20±0.86) kgf.背最长肌中检测到21种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸含量为(43.15±1.26)%,总不饱和脂肪酸含量为(56.88±1.26)%.肌苷酸含量(2.15±0.23) mg/g.必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、总氨基酸含量分别为(8.99±0.39)%、(14.87±0.58)%、(19.56±0.80)%.相关性分析显示,杜宁杂种猪背膘厚与瘦肉率(r=-0.710)、脂率(r= 0.833)呈极显著相关(P<0.01);滴水损失与pH2 4(r=0.826)、嫩度(r=0. 806)、熟肉率(r=-0.552)呈极显著相关(P<0.01).综合以上结果表明,杜宁杂种猪的胴体、肉质性能良好,背膘厚适中,肌肉保水力强,营养价值丰富且富含鲜味物质,获得了良好的杂交效果.

试验旨在测定不同类型猪的肉品质,筛选适合当地环境的生猪品种或组合.采用单因子设计,将初始体重为(31.50±7.85)kg的巴克夏猪×浦市铁骨猪、湘村黑猪和巴克夏猪×巴马香猪分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头,分析胴体性状、肉品质及微量元素、脂肪酸、氨基酸含量.预试期3 d,正试期105 d.结果显示:3个处理组猪的胴体性状指标差异均不显著;熟肉率及24 h贮存损失均为湘村黑猪<巴克夏猪×浦市铁骨猪<巴克夏猪×巴马香猪(P<0.05);湘村黑猪肉中铜含量高于巴克夏猪×巴马香猪(P<0.05),巴克夏猪×浦市铁骨猪肉中镁含量高于巴克夏猪×巴马香猪(P<0.05),湘村黑猪肉中钾含量最低(P<0.05);湘村黑猪α-亚麻酸(C18:3n3)含量最低(P<0.05);3个处理组猪肉中氨基酸含量均在正常范围内(P>0.05).综上,巴克夏猪×浦市铁骨猪的屠宰率、瘦肉率等胴体性状以及氨基酸、脂肪酸含量与湘村黑猪相当,24 h贮存损失优于巴克夏猪×巴马香猪.

试验旨在对大约克×(巴克夏×沙子岭)(简称大巴沙)猪的胴体性状和肉质性状进行评估.选取99头大巴沙猪进行屠宰测定,主要测定屠宰率、胴体长、背膘厚、眼肌面积和瘦肉率等胴体性状及pH、肉色、大理石纹和肌内脂肪等肉质性状.结果 表明,大巴沙猪的屠宰率和瘦肉率分别为72.24％和59.22％,系水力损失和肌内脂肪含量分别为93.16％和2.90％.性状间相关性分析表明,大巴沙猪宰前活重与胴体重、胴体长、眼肌面积呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与屠宰率、pH1、肌苷酸含量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),与嫩度呈极显著负相关(P＜0.05),并构建了宰前活重与相关指标的回归方程.研究结果表明,大巴沙猪胴体性状优良、肌肉保水力强、肉质鲜美,可通过宰前活重快速估测屠宰率、胴体长、眼肌面积、肌内脂肪含量,大大节省屠宰测定成本.