The authors have been developing and providing training on NWP models for four years to help forecasters both maximize model usefulness and minimize the impact of model flaws in the forecast process. That experience has reinforced our view that forecasters can intelligently assess and improve upon NWP model forecasts by · • Understanding the capabilities and limitations of the NWP model components, such as the physics packages, the analysis method, and the data assimilation system • Knowing the behavior of NWP models in previous scenarios similar to the current forecast situation, and • Paying attention to the observations.

Since 1979, the United States has been collecting data on marine recreational angling with the Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistical Survey (MRFSS). To enable the estimation of travel cost models of recreational demand the base MRFSS survey has been amended to include necessary data elements. Additionally, data is collected that will enable the estimation of economic impact models. In this paper, the economic surveying strategy of the United States for marine recreational angling is presented. The discussion will focus on the key data elements we have identified for both valuation and economic impact modeling.

ABSTRACT , Mass coral bleaching has been observed throughout the tropical oceans immediately following periods of thermal stress, in concert with other known causes. While water temperatures monitored in situ best document the relationship of thermal stress to bleaching, most reef sites have limited to no in situ data. For such areas, high-resolution satellite-derived SSTs provide valuable time series data and quantify thermal anomalies and their timing vs. onset of bleaching. The availability of 9km NOAA/NASA Oceans Pathfinder SST data (1985-2001), an internally consistent, calibrated SST database at reef scale resolution, allows us to assess the accuracy and usefulness of satellite SST data to document past conditions in reefs. ,Statistical analyses of SSTs combined with available in situ temperatures from Caribbean and tropical Pacific locations indicate that 9km SSTs for specific sites, and for the 3x3 pixel means surrounding each site, are highly correlated to in situ temperatures. Biases are tied, wherever possible, to local physical causes. Pathfinder SSTs accurately represent surface field temperatures with predictable exceptions, and therefore have great potential for assessing temperature histories of remote, un-monitored reefs. 1.0 THERMAL STRESS AND CORAL REEF BLEACHING ,Bleaching,is the loss of algal symbionts (zooxanthellae) and/or their pigments from a coral (or other symbiotic

In the absence of significant consumer response to real-time prices, energy markets alone are unlikely to pro vide the right amount of generation capacity, particularly if they are subject to stringent price caps. However, price-based systems, operating reserves markets, and installed capacity markets can, in theory, provide incentives for the correct amount and mix of capacity additions under several assumptions. Our oral presentation will summarize a market equilibrium modelling approach to co m- paring alternative capacity market proposals, and the conclusions of that analysis. The present paper presents as b ackground a review and critique of alternative approaches to motivating capacity addi- tions, with an emphasis on the ICAP systems used in the northeastern US. Although ICAP systems may not give appropriate price signals during peak periods for capacity maintenance and demand re- duction, we conclude that such systems can be an effective approach to motivating appropriate capac- ity additions. We also conclude that they are im- portant for instilling public confidence in the reli- ability of r estructured power markets, at least until such time that there is significant demand participa- tion in real -time markets, consistent with the origi- nal vision of Schweppe (1978).