Hypothesis: Histologic changes occurring after,varying degrees of surgical trauma to the inner ear in guinea pigs can reveal the mechanism of hearing preservation/loss.Background: Surgical approaches to the inner ear that allow for hearing preservation have gained increasing acceptance in neurotologic surgery The mechanisms responsible for. hearing preservation and hearing loss after partial labyrinthectomy are as yet poorly understood.Methods: Ten animals underwent semicircular canal occlusion, suctioning of perilymph, ampullectomy, or wide vestibulotomy. Tone-burst auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds were performed at weekly intervals after surgery. After 4 weeks, temporal bone specimens were processed to obtain 10-mu m sections from plastic-embedded ears. The histologic findings were correlated with the initial and final ABR thresholds.Results: After surgical occlusion of one or more semicircular canals, ABR thresholds were preserved, as the authors reported previously. Suctioning of inner ear fluid led to transient loss of thresholds with recovery. Ampullectomy produced dichotomous results, with some subjects preserving auditory function and others losing auditory function. Wide vestibulotomy resulted in permanent loss of auditory function in most cases. Histologically, there was intraluminal fibrosis and inflammation near the site of surgical entry. Most specimens showed normal cochlear architecture and hair cell counts, irrespective of the degree of hearing loss. Vestibular hair cells were also well preserved, even when they were close to the site of surgical injury.Conclusions: These findings suggest that electromechanical changes, rather than cell death, are responsible for changes in auditory and vestibular function after partial labyrinthectomy.

Recent advances in neurotologic surgery have challenged the traditional belief that violating the labyrinth is incompatible with hearing. Our aim in this study was to define the conditions that result in hearing preservation and hearing loss after surgery on the labyrinth. A guinea pig model was developed. Click-evoked auditory brain stem responses were used to determine hearing thresholds. Animals underwent surgical destruction of part or all of the vestibular labyrinth. Transection and plugging of the lateral semicircular canal resulted in normal hearing. Transection of multiple semicircular canals also resulted in hearing preservation. Intentional suctioning of perilymph from a transected canal led to transient hearing loss with complete recovery. Sequential destruction of the entire lateral semicircular canal resulted in preserved hearing as long as the vestibule was not opened. Wide vestibulotomy resulted in hearing loss. Preliminary histologic studies showed that cochlear hair cells were preserved in most cases. The results of our experiments demonstrate the feasibility of preservation of hearing after partial labyrinthectomy and provide physiologic criteria for developing new operations on the inner ear in human subjects.

The temporal bone often falls within the field of radiation for head and neck tumors. Whereas osteoradionecrosis is well recognized as the end-stage complication of radiation to the temporal bone, serious non-osteitic complications can also occur, and these are important because the ear is an organ of special sense. Radiation causes changes in the specialized tissues of the ear that can impair function and influence therapeutic decisions. The purpose of this article is to review the non-osteitic effects of radiation on the ear. A series of cases is presented that illustrate the spectrum of non-osteitic complications of radiation therapy. External canal stenosis, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular impairment, and facial nerve paralysis are described. Management should be guided by an understanding of the pathogenesis of these complications. The authors believe that non-osteitic complications of therapeutic radiation to the temporal bone are relatively common and warrant increased recognition.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 112, Issue 4 p. 616-620 Case Reports Salivary Gland Choristoma of the Middle Ear: Role of Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring Mr. Isaac Namdar BS, Mr. Isaac Namdar BS Divisions of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Eric E. Smouha MD, Corresponding Author Dr. Eric E. Smouha MD n/[email protected] Divisions of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New YorkReprint requests: Eric E. Smouha, MD, Divisions of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, HSC T-19 School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8191.Search for more papers by this authorDr. Philip Kane MD, Dr. Philip Kane MD Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Mr. Isaac Namdar BS, Mr. Isaac Namdar BS Divisions of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Eric E. Smouha MD, Corresponding Author Dr. Eric E. Smouha MD n/[email protected] Divisions of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New YorkReprint requests: Eric E. Smouha, MD, Divisions of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, HSC T-19 School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8191.Search for more papers by this authorDr. Philip Kane MD, Dr. Philip Kane MD Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1995 https://doi.org/10.1177/019459989511200421Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1Taylor GD, Martin HF Salivary gland tissue in the middle ear. Arch Otolaryngol 1961; 73: 651–3. 2Steffen TN, House WF Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. Arch Otolaryngol 1962: 76: 74–5. 3Noguera JT, Haase FR Congenital ossicular defects with a normal auditory canal: Its surgical treatment. EENT Monthly 1964; 43: 37–9. 4Caplinger CB, Hora JF Middle ear choristoma with absent window: A report of one case. Arch Otolaryngol 1967; 85: 39–40. 5Bruner RC Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear: A case report. Arch Otolaryngol 1970; 91: 303. 6Hociota D, Ataman T. A case of salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol 1975; 89: 1065–8. 7Peron DL, Schuknecht HF Congenital cholesteatoma with other anomalies. Arch Otolaryngol 1975; 101: 498–505. 8Mischke RE, Brackmann DE, Gruskin P. Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. Arch Otolaryngol 1977; 103: 432–4. 9Wine CJ, Metcalf JE Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear and mastoid. Arch Otolaryngol 1977; 103: 435–6. 10Abadir WF, Pease WS Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol 1978; 92: 247–52. 11Kley HA Monomorphous tubular salivary gland adenoma of the middle ear. Laryngol Rhinol 1979; 58: 65–7. 12Cannon CR Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. Am J Otol 1980; 1: 250–1. 13Quaranta A, Mininni F, Resta L. Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear: A case report. J Laryngol Otol 1981; 95: 953–6. 14Saeger KL, Gruskin P, Carberry JN Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1982; 106: 39–40. 15Moore PJ, Benjamin BNP, Kan AE Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. Int J Ped Otorhinolaryngol 1984; 8: 91–5. 16Kartush JM, Graham MD Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear: A case report and Review of the literature. Laryngoscope 1984; 94: 228–30. 17Cejas Mendez DL, de Serdio Arias JL, Goralsky Filonov S. Choristoma of the salivary gland and dermoid cyst of the middle ear in a 3 year old girl: Apropos of a case. Anales Otorrinolaringologicos Iberoamericanos 1992; 19: 275–82. 18Bottrill ID, Chawla OP, Ramsay AD Salivary gland choristoma of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol 1992; 106: 630–2. 19Uchityl B. Cylindroma of tympanic cavity. Czechoslovakian Journal of Otolaryngology 1956; 5: 327–30. 20Nelson EG, Kratz RC Sebaceous choristoma of the middle ear. OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993; 108: 372–3. Citing Literature Volume112, Issue4April 1995Pages 616-620 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 98, Issue 3 p. 262-265 Drug/Device Capsules New Microsurgical Instruments for Retrosigmoid Posterior Fossa Internal Auditory Canal Surgery Herbert Silverstein MD, Corresponding Author Herbert Silverstein MD n/[email protected] Ear Research Foundation, Sarasota, FloridaReprint requests: Herbert Silverstein, MD, Ear Research Foundation, 1921 Floyd St., Sarasota, FL 34239.Search for more papers by this authorEric Smouha MD, Eric Smouha MD Ear Research Foundation, Sarasota, FloridaSearch for more papers by this authorRaleigh Jones MD, Raleigh Jones MD Ear Research Foundation, Sarasota, FloridaSearch for more papers by this author Herbert Silverstein MD, Corresponding Author Herbert Silverstein MD n/[email protected] Ear Research Foundation, Sarasota, FloridaReprint requests: Herbert Silverstein, MD, Ear Research Foundation, 1921 Floyd St., Sarasota, FL 34239.Search for more papers by this authorEric Smouha MD, Eric Smouha MD Ear Research Foundation, Sarasota, FloridaSearch for more papers by this authorRaleigh Jones MD, Raleigh Jones MD Ear Research Foundation, Sarasota, FloridaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1988 https://doi.org/10.1177/019459988809800317 Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chicago, Ill., Sept. 19–23, 1987. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume98, Issue3March 1988Pages 262-265 RelatedInformation