Introduction:A peptic ulcer is defined as a breach in the integrityofthe mucosa lining the stomach and/or duodenum that results in a localized defect or excavation due to active inflammation. Peptic ulcer disease is a major public health problem affecting 10% of the population worldwide. Prosopis juliflora is a widespread phreatophytic plant that has been used since ancient times for medicinal purposes. Prosopis juliflora contains bioactive components such as tannins, flavonoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds which possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, anticancer, antifungal, antihelminthic and immunostimulant properties. Aim: This study evaluates the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Prosopis juliflora seeds using pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcerations in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats were allocated into five groups of five rats each in the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model. Group I rats were administered normal saline at a dosage of 2 mL/kg p.o., in Group ll rats pyloric ligation alone was done, Group III received standard drug Omeprazole 20 mg/kg p.o, Group IV received Prosopis juliflora seed extract 250 mg/kg p.o and Group V received Prosopis juliflora seed extract 500 mg/kg p.o. In all three groups (Group III-V), drugs were given orally 1 hr prior to pylorus ligation which was carried out under aseptic precautions. 48 hr post pylorus ligation, the rats were anesthetised and the stomach was cut open along the greater curvature to evaluate the ulcer index, gastric pH, free acidity, total acidity and for conducting gross examination of the stomach. Results: Phytochemical evaluation of ethanolic extract of P. juliflora seeds indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and phenolic compounds which possess pharmaceutical properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-ulcer activities. Pretreatment of Wistar rats with P. juliflora seed extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg showed a significant reduction in mean ulcer index and mean ulcer severity score with p value <0.001 compared to the positive control. The gastric secretory parameters were also significantly reduced by P. juliflora 500mg/kg with p value <0.001. Group III (Omeprazole) and Group V (P. juliflora 500 mg/kg) treated rats showed 63.49% and 53.72% gastroprotection, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of P. juliflora seeds has potent antiulcer activity and could be considered as a potential alternative source to develop new antiulcer agents.

In this study, a CMC-based hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared and loaded with bioactive components along with silver nanoparticles. For aesthetic reasons, an alternative was found that can result in scar-free wound healing. To accelerate scar-free wound healing, bioactive phytoproducts such as aloe vera, curcumin, and peel of plantain were blended along with the nanocomposite hydrogel that contained silver nanoparticles (CMC+Ag+P). The prepared hydrogels proved to have good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (S.aureus) and Gram-negative (E.coli) non-pathogenic bacteria. The prepared hydrogel had an excellent wound-healing ability which was studied using in vitro scratch assay against A375 cell line. The biocompatibility of the hydrogels was proved using an MTT assay. The scar free wound healing was established in Wistar rat model where burn wounds were healed using CMC+Ag+P. The wound healed were compared with only silver (CMC+Ag) and saline treated animals and the histopathological studies, VEGF and PDGF analysis confirmed that the wound healing was scar free after CMC+Ag+P treatment. We could conclude that the presence of plantain peel extract which is a source of ascorbic acid and is rich in vitamin C can aid in scar-free wound healing.

We analyzed the toxic effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata (EEP) and its nanoformulation (N-EEP) in the in vitro and in vivo models (zebrafish embryos and Swiss albino mice). The EEP composition was verified by phytochemical and GC–MS analysis. The synthesized N-EEP was characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro results showed both EEP and N-EEP have a dose-dependent effect in L132 cells (normal embryonic lung cells). In zebrafish embryos, no developmental changes were observed for both EEP and N-EEP at 200 µg/ml. The acute and sub-acute toxicity of EEP and N-EEP was identified by oral administration in Swiss albino mice. A single-day oral dose of EEP and N-EEP at different concentrations was administered for acute toxicity, and changes in body weight, food, water intake, temperature, respiration rate, skin color changes, and eye color till 72 h was observed. In a sub-acute toxicity study, 28 days oral administration of different concentrations of EEP and N-EEP was done. Hematological analysis, serum hepatic biochemical parameter analysis, and histopathological analysis for the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and heart were performed. The results indicated that lower than 600 mg/kg of EEP and N-EEP can safely be used for the remediation of a spectrum of diseases.

Background and Objective: Carcinoma of the skin is the commonest cancer in the world. This study aims to assess the anti-cancer effect of the ethanolic pod and leaf extracts of Moringa Oleifera on 7,12 - dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinoma in mice. Methodology: Animals were divided into 6 groups of 5 each. 7,12 - dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA) was used topically for four weeks to induce tumour. Group 1 received placebo, Group 2 - standard drug 5- Fluorouracil, Groups 3, 4 received pod extract and Groups 5,6 received leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera of concentration 500 and 1000mg/kg respectively for 3 weeks. Hematological and biochemical parameters such as Hemoglobin, RBC, WBC and platelet counts, SGOT and SGPT, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were done before cancer induction and at the end of 7 weeks. Histopathological examination of the skin, liver and kidney were done at the end of 7 weeks. Results: There was reduction in tumor size in the Moringa Oleifera pod and leaf extract treated groups. Histopathology revealed infiltration of the cells with scarring of epidermis in the extract treated groups indicating the healing of tissues more pronounced at higher concentration. Control group showed atypical squamous cells whereas the standard drug treated group showed infiltration and scarring. Conclusion: This study exhibits a dose dependent anticancer effect of Moringa oleifera pod and leaf extracts in mice which was comparable with the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil.

Cancer is one of the significant issues with public health and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The three most lethal cancers in the general population are stomach, lung, and liver cancers, in which lung and breast cancers cause the majority of cancer-associated deaths among men and women, respectively. CeO2 nanoparticles have a cytoprotectant effect in normal cells and a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells that enables them to induce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within cancer cells, which in turn develops reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that interfere with intracellular activities, and this property makes them an excellent anticancer agent. Because of its biofilm suppression, free radical scavenging ability, redox activity, and other unique properties, attention has been bestowed on cerium oxide nanoparticles as a potential alternative to solve many biomedical issues in the future. This review mainly focuses on the combinatorial effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles and Doxorubicin in cancer management.

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects of ethanolic root Ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha. Lam roots (EEATR) in adenine-induced chronic kidney failure in Wistar albino rats To assess the antioxidant activity of EEATR. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty rats were selected and allocated to five groups with six animals in each group. Group 1 was given normal saline (control), Group 2 - adenine, 0.75% 40 mg/kg, Group 3 - adenine and 250 mg/kg of EEATR, Group 4 - adenine and 500 mg/kg EEATR, and Group 5 - EEATR 500 mg/kg. Saline, adenine, and EEATR were given orally once daily for 28 days. EEATR was given 60 min before adenine administration. Urine output, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin, and total proteins were estimated. The histopathological changes in the kidneys were examined, and antioxidant property of the extract was assessed in the renal tissue. RESULTS:Adenine treated rats had a reduction in urine output (‒45%), food intake (‒46%), body weight (‒28%), total proteins (‒66%) and albumin (‒59%) and an increase in creatinine (950%), BUN (73.6%), and kidney weight (43.75%). Histological examination of the kidneys showed capillary congestion, tubular damage, glomerular distortion, and many oxalate crystals. Rats co-administered with EEATR 250 and 500 mg/kg had marked improvement (P ≤ 0.0001%) in all the above parameters with a marked reduction in size and number of oxalate crystals in the kidney. In the anti-oxidant assays, EEATR exhibited significant antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION:EEATR was found to be an effective nephroprotective agent in adenine-induced chronic renal failure in Wistar albino rats.

Introduction Infertility is a significant clinical problem today and it affects 8–12% of couples worldwide.1 Nearly fifty percent of infertility results from male factors and two percent of all men exhibit sub optimal sperm parameters1. Sleep is essential for mind and body. Lack of sleep and i

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to assess evaluate the effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on blood glucose and lipid levels in normal, diabetic, and glibenclamide-treated diabetic rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups of six each. Group I was normal control, Groups II and III were given AlCl3 50 and 100 mg/kg, and Group IV to VII were administered with streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group IV was diabetic control, Group V in addition was given AlCl3 50 mg/kg, Group VI glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), and Group VII glibenclamide and AlCl3 (50 mg/kg) per-oral daily for 28 days. Blood glucose and lipid levels were estimated at base line, after diabetes was set in and on the last day of study. Histopathological changes in pancreas, liver, and kidney were studied.RESULTS: No significant change was observed in blood glucose and lipid levels in Group I. Group II and III showed a dose-dependent significant increase in blood glucose was observed. Group V had a reduction in blood glucose but not to the nondiabetic level. Group VI had significant reduction in blood sugar. In Group VII, treated with glibenclamide and AlCl3, there was no significant change in blood glucose reduction compared to Group VI. Lipid levels were reduced in groups treated with AlCl3 and glibenclamide and not in other groups. Gross tissue damage was seen in pancreas in STZ group and in liver and kidney in AlCl3 groups.CONCLUSION: AlCl3 administration in Wistar rats caused in significant hyperglycemia in normal rats, hypoglycemia in diabetic rats, and did not influenced hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide and in addition, resulted in reduction in lipid levels.

Artificial skin substitute made of polymeric films are of great demand in the field of skin tissue engineering. We report here the fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blend films by solution casting method for wound healing applications. The physicochemical characteristics and the thermal stability of the films were analyzed. The surface morphology shows crystalline structures with large hexagonal-like platelet crystals of CMC on the surface of the films. Pure CMC films exhibited higher tensile strength than the CMC/PEG blend films. The swelling ratio (SR) of the films was influenced by the pH of Tris-HCL buffer (2.0, 5.0, and 7.0), which increased with increase in pH. The hemocompatibility assay and cytotoxicity test using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells showed that the films were biocompatible. To evaluate the wound healing efficacy, the films were applied in full-thickness wounds created in normal and diabetic Wistar albino rats. The wounds healed faster with pure CMC film compared to blend films in both normal and diabetic rats, evidenced by intensive collagen formation in histopathological analysis. Thus, the films have potential application in skin regeneration, thereby to restore the structural and functional characteristics of the skin.

Sesamum indicum, one of the first recorded plants used for its seeds, is reported to have analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-obesity as well as hepato and nephro protective activities. The current study evaluated the effects of two doses (400 and 800 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of S. indicum seeds in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats in comparison with diclofenac and methotrexate by the changes produced in body weight, body temperature, paw volume and spontaneous activity, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total white blood cells, red blood cells, Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α as well as joint changes in X-ray and histological changes in joint tissue. Unlike the untreated group, the groups treated with S. indicum showed significant decrease in paw volume, body weight, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α and an increase in body weight, spontaneous activity, hemoglobin level, and red blood cell count. Histopathological examination showed gross reduction in synovial inflammation and cartilage damage. X-ray revealed significant improvement in joint space. The effect of ethanolic extract of S. indicum was found to be equivalent to methotrexate and greater than diclofenac.

The gravity of the impact of renal failure on human health is well known and as there is no specific pharmacotherapy for renal failure, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of root extract of Azima tetracantha, an ancient medicinal plant used in Siddha and Ayurvedhic systems of medicine.

The roots of the plant Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash belonging to grass family (Poaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine since ancient times to treat various medical illnesses including epilepsy. The oil extracted from the roots is useful in insomnia, depression, anxiety, nervousness, rheumatism, sprain, headache apart from its use in perfumery and aromatherapy. To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of Vetiveria zizanioides oil in Mice using Maximal electroshock and Pentylene tetrazol induced seizure models. 48 adult male mice were selected and 24 mice were allocated to each model, electrical and chemical. The animals in each model were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals in each - control, standard and two test groups. Control group received normal saline + Tween 80 – 2ml/kg, standard group, Sodium valproate- 200mg/kg and the two test groups received Vetiver Oil (VO) 250 & 500 mg/kg respectively. Antiepileptic activity was assessed based on duration of different phases of convulsions and mortality and the results were compared with control and standard. In MES model 250 mg of Vetiver oil reduced the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) in 3 out of 6 animals and seizure protection was 50% whereas 500mg decreased the duration of tonic HLE in 4 animals with the seizure protection of 66.6%. None of the animals died in MES model. In PTZ model both the doses of VO delayed the onset of clonic phase and prevented death in 50% of animals similar to the standard drug, sodium valproate. Vetiver oil has shown anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ models. 500mg/kg of VO has higher protection against seizure in MES model and both 250 and 500 mg were found to have equal efficacy as that of sodium valproate in PTZ model.