In spite of the fact that the structural similarity of pyrazolidin-3-one based compounds with the triazole, the antimicrobial activity of pyrazolidin-3-one compounds, have been investigated by many research groups to achieve potent antimicrobial agents. As result of the emerged drug resistance for many antimicrobial agents, we aimed in the current study to develop new potent and safe antimicrobial agents. In this study, a series of novel antimicrobial pyrazolidin-3-one based compounds and their transition metal complexes with Fe (II), Mn (II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Pt(II) and Mo(II) ions were synthesized in good yields using microwave irradiation. All synthesized compound (free ligands and their metal complexes) were fully characterized by several spectroscopic techniques such as molar conductance, infrared, UV/Visible electronic, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. In addition, the elemental analyses and conductivity investigations were done and combined with other spectroscopic data to determine the ligand: metal [M: L or L:M] ratio. The free unattached ligands and their complexes were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213) Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC-10231). The achieved results indicated that some complexes are more potent than their free ligands and metal ions (Fe (II), Pt (II), Co(II), and Ni(II)), and some of the complexes are more potent than the standard antifungal amphoteracine-B. In conclusion, the biological activity results indicated the enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of some imine derivatives of pyrazolidin-3-one will open the field for scientists to develop more effective and safe drugs.

Objective: The appearance of resistant bacteria reduces the efficiency of antimicrobial therapies, thereby increasing the need for more efficient drugs for infections treatment. Many studies have shown an enhance in antimicrobial activity after the interaction of many agents with metal ions. Complexes of the metal ions with ligands which are polydentate have been the theme of demanding research as they have interesting spectral, magnetic properties and a miscellaneous spectrum of biological activities. Methods: New isoniazid based compounds and their transition metal complexes (cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II)) were produced using microwave synthesis technique. The All compounds which were synthesized (free ligand and their metal complexes) were fully characterized by many spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR spectra, UV/visible electronic spectra, mass spectra and 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra). In addition, CHN, XRFA, AAS merged with other spectroscopic data were utilized to allocate the precise ligand to metal ratio and geometry. The synthesized ligands and their complexes were tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) by using agar-well diffusion.

Objective: Type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) is usually associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), celiac disease (CD) and Addison's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AITD, CD and AD among Libyan patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Methods: The prospective clinical study was undertaken on 849 patients (554 females and 295 males) admitted in endocrine department of Tripoli Medical Center from December 2007 to July 2008. Patients serum level of thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronin (T3), free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronin (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were measured for 748 patients while 101 patients of type I diabetes mellitus patients were included in this study investigated for celiac disease and Addison disease by measuring tissue transglutaminase antibody (TTGAb) and endomysial antibody (EMAAb) in celiac disease, and 21-hydroxylase antibody (21-OHAb) in Addison's disease. The venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning after fasting overnight. Results: From 748 TIDM patients screened for AITD, 28.74% of cases have thyroid dysfunction, 21.26% have hypothyroidism (66% of females and 34% of males), and 7.49% have hyperthyroidism (75% of females and 25% of males). From 101 TIDM patients screened for CD and AD, 4.95% of cases have CD (80% of females and 20% of males) and we did not come cross any case of AD. Conclusion: From the previous results we conclude that the prevalence of AITD, CD and AD in children with TIDM is high especially among female patients.

Objective: although there are many treatment regimens for a gastric ulcer disease, it is difficult to find cost-effective treatment regimen that meets all needed goals. Therefore, there has been significant interest to find a suitable treatment from natural product sources. Helianthemum kahiricum is one of Libyan medicinal plants belongs to family Cistaceae. This plant distributed in western mountain region of Libya and used traditionally in Libyan folk medicine as remedy of gastric ulcer. Therefore, this study was carried out to prove its antiulcer property. Methods: The methanolic extract of Helianthemum kahiricum was studied to evaluate its antioxidant and antiulcer properties. The antiulcer property was evaluated by using ethanol induced ulcer model; efficacy was assessed by determination of mean ulcer size, ulcer number, ulcer index, protective percent and pH of gastric juice. Omeprazole was used as standard. The antioxidant property was evaluated using DPPH assay Quercetin and Ascorbic acid were used as standard.

Color is the main feature of any food item as it en ha ces the appeal and acceptability of food. Curren tly, there is increasing awareness among people towards natural d yes and dye yielding plants due to severe health pr oblems. Beet scientifically known as Beta vulgaris belongs to Chenopodiaceae family and locally known in Libya n markets as "Banjer". The present study aimed to study of be et from Libyan markets as coloring agent in food an cosmetic. Beet juice was prepared by hot extraction using met hanol and then examined for its activity against ba cteria by using the agar well diffusion method and also as an tioxidant by using 2,2, Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (D PPH) assay. Beet juice also investigated phytochemically which indicated that beet is a rich source of flavonoids. Beet juice examined for the presence of aflatoxines (B1, B2, G 1and G2), the beet juice was free from mentioned to xic substances. Therefore, the juice is safe. Finally B eet juice was evaluated as a food (Cakes) and cosme tic (Hair dye) coloring agents. The juice showed a weak antioxidan t activity, good antimicrobial activity against gra m positive bacteria and accepted to many volunteers in color a nd taste questionnaires when it's added to homemade c k s. The ability of juice to augment of Henna color; the bes t mixture with long lasting coloring was a 50:50 mi xture.

The paper presents the results of phytochemical scr eening, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-prolife rative activity studies of Arbutus pavarii (A. pavarii) plant. The whole aerial part of the plant was collected during the spring season (2010), identified and extracted with methan ol, chloroform and n-Hexane. Phytochemical screeni ng was carried out using standard procedures. Antioxidant activity was done using 2, 2, Diphenyl-1-picryhydra zyl (DPPH) assay. Antimicrobial evaluation was performed using agar well diffusion method. The anti-proliferative activity was evaluated on two breast adenocarcinoma and lung car cinoma cells. Phytochemical screening showed the pr esence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, simple phenolic s, free reducing sugers, triterpenes and sterols in the plant extracts. The methanolic and chloroform extracts ex hibited a potential antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 4.55±1.90 µg/ml and 21.55±1.1 µg/ml in comparison to Quercetin. Methanolic extract exhibited antimicrobial effect against Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with zones of inhibition of 20mm, 18 mm an d 21 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) we re 4.8 mg/ml, 69.30 mg/ml and 4.76 mg/ml using Ciprofloxacin and Amphotericin B as standards. The anti-proliferative activity of extracts with IC 50 (less than 30 µg/ml) against breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and lung carcinoma (A549) was within the limits of the Amer ican National Cancer Institute for cytotoxic activity. A . pavarii may be exploited for the search of new an timicrobial and anticancer drugs.

A series of sulfanilamide Schiff base derivatives (1 to 15) have been designed as potential antitubulin agents depending on the chemical structures of combretastatine A-4 and isoquinoline sulfamate (antimitotic agents under investigation). The designed compounds were synthesized by microwave chemical synthesis, their purity was confirmed by melting point and HPLC and chemical structures were determined by FT-IR, UV, and 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds have been docked in the colchicine binding site of β-tubulin using molecular modeling programs and the antitumor activities were screened on human breast and lung cancer cells by cell counting assay. Some tested compounds showed potent and selective activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) with IC50 range of 90 to 166 μM. With regarding broad-spectrum activity, compounds 4, 8, and 13 have shown potent antitumor activity against human breast and human lung cells with IC50 range of 96 to 140 μM. The obtained results suggest that the sulfanilamide Schiff base derivatives might potentially constitute an interesting novel class of anticancer agents, which deserve further studies.

Food fortification is an effective, low-cost way to eliminate dietary micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. This study in Egypt aimed to evaluate the levels of and variations in fortification with iron, iodine and vitamin A in food products from different manufacturers. Almost all iodized salt samples contained iodine concentrations within Egyptian standards. The iron content of iron-fortified biscuits supplied to schools and of vitamin-A-fortified margarine, infant formula milk powder and infant cereal food were highly variable and many samples were not within Egyptian standards. Monitoring of fortification levels of key products is required at the factory, retail and household levels.