23 ÏÂÓÕ 1996 Å. ÃÇÊÄÓÇÏÇÐÐÑ ÖÛÇÎ ËÊ ÉËÊÐË ÒÓÑ×ÇÔÔÑÓ £.ª.°ÅËÇÄÇÙÍËÌ ì ×ËÊËÍ-ÕÇÑÓÇÕËÍ Ô ÏËÓÑÄÞÏ ËÏÇÐÇÏ, ÂÄÕÑÓ ×ÖÐAEÂÏÇÐÕÂÎßÐÞØ ËÔÔÎÇAEÑÄÂÐËÌ ÒÑ ÔËÏÏÇÕÓËâÏ Ä ×ËÊËÍÇ àÎÇÏÇÐÕÂÓÐÞØ ÚÂÔÕËÙ.°Ð ÓÑAEËÎÔâ 6 ÂÄÅÖÔÕ 1928 Å. Ä ¥ÐÇÒÓÑÒÇÕÓÑÄÔÍÇ Ä ÔÇÏßÇ ÒÓÑ×ÇÔÔÑÓ ÏÂÕÇÏÂÕËÍË ª.¦.°ÅËÇÄÇÙÍÑÅÑ.¦ÜÇ ÔÕÖAEÇÐÕÑÏ Ä 1948 Å. ÑÐ ÒÑÊÐÂÍÑÏËÎÔâ Ô ªÅÑÓÇÏ ¦ÄÅÇÐßÇÄËÚÇÏ ´ÂÏÏÑÏ Ë ÇÅÑ ÔÑÕÓÖAEÐËÍÂÏË ÒÑ ÕÇÑÓÑÕAEÇÎÖ ¶ª¡¯, Ë àÕÑ ÑÍÂÊÂÎÑ ÑÅÓÑÏÐÑÇ ÄÎËâÐËÇ Ð ÇÅÑ ÐÂÖÚÐÞÇ ËÐÕÇÓÇÔÞ Ë ÔÖAEßÃÖ.³ÄÑá ÕÓÖAEÑÄÖá Ë ÐÂÖÚÐÖá AEÇâÕÇÎßÐÑÔÕß £ËÍÕÑÓ ªÔÂÂÍÑÄËÚ ÐÂÚÂÎ ÛÍÑÎßÐÞÏ ÖÚËÕÇÎÇÏ Ä ¥ÐÇÒÓÑÒÇÕÓÑÄÔÍÇ Ä 1950 Å. ÒÑÔÎÇ ÑÍÑÐÚÂÐËâ ¥ÐÇÒÓÑÒÇÕÓÑÄÔÍÑÅÑ ÅÑÔÖAEÂÓÔÕÄÇÐÐÑÅÑ ÖÐËÄÇÓÔË-ÕÇÕÂ.´ÇÑÓÇÕËÚÇÔÍÑÌ ×ËÊËÍÑÌ, ÍÑÕÑÓÂâ ÖÉÇ ÕÑÅAE ÑÔÑÊÐÂÄ-ÂÎÂÔß ËÏ ÍÂÍ ÅÎÂÄÐÑÇ ÒÓÇAEÐÂÊÐÂÚÇÐËÇ ÇÅÑ ÉËÊÐË, ÒÓËØÑAEË-ÎÑÔß ÊÂÐËÏÂÕßÔâ Ä ÔÄÑÃÑAEÐÑÇ ÑÕ ÓÂÃÑÕÞ Ä ÛÍÑÎÇ ÄÓÇÏâ.¦ÅÑ ÒÇÓÄÞÇ ÐÂÖÚÐÞÇ ËÔÔÎÇAEÑÄÂÐËâ ÃÞÎË ÒÑÔÄâÜÇÐÞ ÄÑÒÓÑÔÂÏ ÒÓÑØÑÉAEÇÐËâ ÅÂÏÏÂ-ÎÖÚÇÌ Ä ÄÇÜÇÔÕÄÇ.£ 1954 Å. £.ª.°ÅËÇÄÇÙÍËÌ ÊÂÜËÜÂÇÕ ÍÂÐAEËAEÂÕÔÍÖá AEËÔÔÇÓÕÂÙËá ÒÑ àÕÑÌ ÕÇÏÂÕËÍÇ Ä ¶ª¡¯Ç

The survey contains the basic ideas of supersymmetry theories. The concept of superspace is introduced, and problems of superfields are touched on.

The concept of a harmonic N = 2 superspace with additional coordinates related to the SU(2)/U(1) sphere is introduced. This concept leads to an adequate geometric description of the N = 2 theories of matter, the Yang-Mills theory, and supergravity in terms of superfields without coupling. A new effect has been discovered: the unboundedness of the number of gauge and auxiliary degrees of freedom.

An explicitly covariant superfield description is offered for a new minimal version of 1-supergravity. The new description is based on a complex geometry which is inherent in this version.

The components of the torsion and curvature tensors in simple (N = 1) supergravity are explicitly expressed in terms of the axial gravitational superfield. The derivation is considerably simplified by the use of the normal gauge in supergravity.