Diabetic is a metabolic disorder that is concerning for people worldwide, caused by a lack of insulin or ineffective production of insulin in the pancreas. Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are significant microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several synthetic medications have been developed. However, none of the compounds provides complete recovery. Long-term use of some synthetic medications might have serious negative effects, thus, there is a need for safe, affordable, and effective medications. Throughout human history, traditional ailments have been much respected as a source of treatment. Their widespread usage across the globe suggests that herbs/ spices are becoming an increasingly important component of cutting-edge, contemporary medications. Therefore, the objective of this review is mainly based on the beneficial effect of Indian spices in managing diabetes. We review the current primary and clinical evidence about the potential of Indian spices, including curcumin, ginger, coriander, cumin seed, garlic, clove, cinnamon, curry leaves, and fenugreek seed with mainly their hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, for treating diabetes mellitus, also managing diabetic-associated complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Here, we present the pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating how these spices can improve glucose metabolism, enhance insulin secretion, and mitigate oxidative stress, potentially alleviating diabetic complications.

The wellbeing of human population depends on the ecosystem of earth. Amphibians from the ancient time represents a major part in the global diversity and play important role for the benefit of society worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative hematological study of Indian bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) from wetland and a common Indian toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) from terrestrial environment. In this study we have procured 10 sexually mature and disease-free Indian bullfrog (9.93±0.07 cm total length, 59.5±1.94 g weight) and 10 common Indian toad (8.26±0.26 cm total length, 78.6±1.36 g weight). The RBC and WBC count were found to be increased in frog than toad. Variation in RBC morphology which reveals the anemic condition in frog than that of toad. The study suggested that the environmental conditions have significant impact on status of frog and toad.

During neonatal period, the most common genetic disorder is haemoglobinopathy which leads to sickle cell disease or thalassemia. In the present study, we enumerate the haematological, anthropometric and puberty indices of three different variants of sickle-β-thalassemia such as HbS-β 0 -thalassemic, HbS-β + -thalassemic and HbS-β ++ -thalassemic with respect to severity of mutation of tertiary care hospital of Odisha. Standardised procedures were followed to analyse haematological and anthropometric parameters. For analysing puberty indices, Tanner staging chart was used. In the result, it is observed that there was a significant decrease in haematological parameter in the HbF, HbA 2 (%) and HbS. Delay in growth (height for age and weight for age) also fluctuates according to the variant of HbS-β-thalassemia inherited by the participant. However, when puberty indices were analysed, significant delay of sexual maturation in stage-I scale in Tanner sexual maturity index chart was observed. Hence, out of the three variants, less growth was seen in the male and female participants of HbS-β 0 thalassemia, decrease in BMI, thin frame size, decrease in body size, decrease growth of head and chest circumference than normal individual due to the marrow hyperplasia occurred in β-mutation in the locus control region of HBB gene.

The present study was carried out in an indoor laboratory of Zoology Department of Ravenshaw University, Cuttack along with CIFA, Bhubaneswar. Initial body weight (IBW), final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) were measured following formulation of Probiotic feed. The present research is an attempt to study the impact of Probiotic enriched diet on some of the physiological and biochemical indices of Anabas scandens. Standard methods were followed for analyzing Physico-chemical characteristic of water used in laboratory. Basic water quality parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, Chloride, Ammonia, Alkalinity and free carbon dioxide were determined. Keywords: Probiotic, Diet-1, Diet-2, SGR-Specific growth rate, IBW-Initial body weight, FBW-Final body weight.