Formic acid (FA) is an attractive liquid organic hydrogen carrier, yet the development of highly efficient catalysts for additive-free FA dehydrogenation (FAD) under mild conditions remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a series of alloyed PdAg nanoparticles supported on Ni hydroxide organic framework (PdAg/Ni-HOF) that enable efficient FAD without exogenous additives or basic modifiers. Promoted by the synergistic electronic interaction between Pd and Ag, the optimized Pd0.64Ag0.36/Ni-HOF catalyst delivers a high turnover frequency of 2004 h-1 at 333 K, along with exceptional stability and 100% selectivity toward H2 and CO2. Beyond FAD, this catalyst demonstrates versatile activity in coupling FAD with the reduction of Cr(VI) and the degradation of organic dyes. Mechanistic investigations reveal that hydroxyl groups on the Ni-HOF framework serve as Brønsted base sites that not only strengthen the adsorption of FA and key HCOO* intermediates but also facilitate the rate-determining C-H bond cleavage. This hydroxide-mediated strategy offers a general and rational design principle for advanced supported metal catalysts, extending beyond FAD to a broad range of catalytic transformations.

A photocatalytic protocol for generating alkyne radical anions from propiolamides in aqueous micellar solutions is reported. Using ascorbic acid and Ru(bpy)32+ under blue light, hydrated electrons mediate single-electron reduction. Alkyne radical anions undergo Z-selective semireduction or reductive hydroalkylation with styrenes. The method shows a broad scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and gram-scale scalability, replacing hazardous reagents and organic solvents with vitamin C and water.

TS-1 zeolite, recognized as milestones in zeolite catalysis, require precision engineering to balance framework Ti incorporation and anatase suppression for superior epoxidation performance. Herein, we report a one-step hydrothermal strategy using lithocholic acid (LCA) as bifunctional zeolite growth regulator to synthesize anatasefree TS-1 zeolite with Ti-rich framework. Time-resolved crystallization combined with characterizations reveals the regulation of LCA, in which LCA extends induction period of TS-1 synthesis through carboxylate/hydroxymediated Ti-O-Si coordination, enabling the higher framework Ti incorporation while suppressing anatase phase formation. The optimized TS-1-0.1LCA exhibits exceptional catalytic performance in H2O2-mediated 1hexene oxidation with 52 % of conversion and 97 % of selectivity to epoxides. Besides, the TOF value of TS1-0.1LCA is over 3-fold (200 h- 1 vs 64 h-1) than that of TS-1-Con. This work establishes a systematic framework for designing highly efficient TS-1 catalysts through LCA-directed coordination engineering, bridging fundamental zeolite chemistry and industrial epoxidation processes.

X-ray response performances of a p-NiO/β-Ga2O3 hetero-junction diode (HJD) X-ray detector were studied before and after γ-ray irradiation at −200 V, with a total dose of 13.5 kGy(Si). The response performances of the HJD X-ray detector were influenced by the trap-assistant conductive process of the HJD under reverse bias, which exhibited an increasing net (response) current, nonlinearity, and a long response time. After irradiation, the Poole–Frenkel emission (PFE) dominated the leakage current of HJDs due to the higher electric field caused by the increased net carrier concentration of β-Ga2O3. This conductive process weakened the performance of the HJD X-ray detector in terms of sensitivity, output linearity, and response speed. This study provided valuable insights into the radiation damage and performance degradation mechanisms of Ga2O3-based radiation detectors and offered guidance on improving the reliability and stability of these radiation detectors.

Gallium-72 is an important Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty relevant radionuclide that arouses significant interest. However, the reported half-lives of Ga-72 are discrepant. In the current work, three solution samples of different concentrations were prepared and sequentially measured by a high-purity Germanium (HPGe) spectrometer. The count rates as a function of time of the 834.1 keV and 630.0 keV gamma-lines were followed for the half-life determination. Through mass normalization, the datasets of three samples are combined and the statistical uncertainties are reduced. Half-life values were derived from datasets of each sample and mass normalization and corresponding complete uncertainty budgets are presented. The final half-life determined for Ga-72 is 13.94 (2) h, showing a deviation of 1.12% from the last nuclear data sheets (NDS) recommended value. Comparing with the values of previous publications, the result from this work is smaller than most results and consistent with the latest value which has one large uncertainty. A recommended value of 14.07 (3) h is estimated using the power-moderated mean (PMM) method.

Abstract Background The prevalence of cardiac dysfunction in people living with HIV (PLWH) on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Asia remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of echocardiographic dysfunction in Chinese PLWH on long-term cART and explore related risk factors. Methods The Chinese Long-Term Antiretroviral Treatment (CLTA) study is a multi-center, prospective cohort study aimed to determine the comorbidities in PLWH treated on long-term cART. 371 PLWH on long-term cART were enrolled in the echocardiographic substudy. 268 cART-Naïve PLWH and 110 HIV-negative individuals were included as control groups after being matched for gender, age and blood pressure. The prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was assessed and compared between different groups. Results The median age of the long-term CART (CLTA) group was 41.1 years (83.3% male). The CLTA participants had received cART for a median of 6.2 years with a current CD4+ T cell count 509 cells/mm3. 99.1% of them were viral suppressed. The prevalence of LVSD, PAH and LVH in the CLTA group was 1.1%, 3.9%, 10.3%, respectively. Among 268 pairs of CLTA and cART-Naïve PLWH, CLTA group had a significantly lower prevalence of PAH (4.0% vs 12.7 %, P=0.010). Among 110 pairs of CLTA and HIV-negative controls, the CLTA group had a significantly higher prevalence of LVH than HIV-negative controls (23.8% vs 5.5%, P=0.004). Incomplete immune reconstitution (CD4 <350 cells/mm3, OR=4.286, P=0.007), female gender (OR=18.014, P<0.001) and elevated triglycerides (OR=1.199, P=0.008) were associated with increased risk of LVH in PLWH on long-term cART. Conclusions In this Chinese PLWH on long-term cART cohort, the prevalence of LVSD and PAH are relatively low. Compared with HIV-negative controls, PLWH on long-term cART had a higher prevalence of LVH, which is associated with both traditional CVD risk factors and incomplete immune reconstitution. Trial Registration The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04463810)

PtFe catalysts have demonstrated their unique properties in the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, but the promotion effect of Fe is still under debate. Herein, a series of Pt/Fe-TiO2 catalysts with controllable Fe dispersion and similar Pt particle size were prepared as model catalysts to elucidate the role of Fe in the selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. The catalytic data suggest that the states of Fe significantly affect the catalytic performance of Pt/Fe-TiO2 and Pt/Fe-TiO2 with dispersed Fe oligomers is ca. 20-fold more active than Pt/TiO2. The combined results of reaction kinetic analysis and characterizations suggest that the high activity of Pt/Fe-TiO2 in furfural hydrogenation is mainly attributed to the promotion effect of Fe in hydrogen spillover, a phenomenon seldom reported for PtFe catalysts. The remote hydrogen spillover test by a physical mixture of Pt/TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 implies that the dispersed Fe oligomers on TiO2 are more favorable to enhance the hydrogen spillover than large Fe aggregates, which is possibly related with the high electron/charge conductivity of the former one. This explains the higher activity of Pt/Fe-TiO2 with dispersed Fe oligomers than with large Fe aggregates. The use of model catalysts is beneficial to elucidate the key factors affecting the catalytic performance of multicomponent catalysts and sheds light on the catalyst design.

The NaLTA zeolite confined CuO catalyst CuO@NaLTA was prepared via the method of ligand protected in situ with Cu2+-glycine complex as Cu source, and characterized by multiple characteristic techniques. The results revealed that CuO nanoparticles were highly dispersed on NaLTA zeolite, and the catalytic properties of CuO@NaLTA were investigated in the alkene epoxidation with H2O2 as oxidant in dioxane. For styrene oxidation, catalyst CuO@NaLTA exhibited excellent catalytic activities with 83 % conversion and 63 % selectivity to styrene epoxide, and could be easily recycled several times without obvious activity loss. The excellent catalytic activities could be attributed to the highly dispersed active CuO species. Besides, multiple electronic effects and coordinative interactions exited in Cu ion and the Si-Al zeolite skeleton framework played a key role in the catalytic recyclability.

111Ag is a radionuclide that can be generated by neutron capture on 110Pd and whose decay properties and production feasibility make it a potential therapeutic agent against arthritis. Due to the discrepancies of recent published values of the half-life of 111Ag with previous published works which are not thoroughly documented for detailed experiment procedures and uncertainty budgets evaluation, an independent redetermination of the 111Ag half-life value is required. In this work, a solid 111Ag source was prepared and repeatedly measured in a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector to determine its half-life. In total, more than fifty measurements were performed over a period of 26.3 days, corresponding to ∼3.5 half-lives of 111Ag. The experimental method and corresponding uncertainty budget are presented. The result of 7.419(15) days is consistent with the recently published value, 7.423(13) days, by Collins et al. and deviates by 0.418% from the currently recommended value 7.45(1) days. A new recommend half-life value of 7.437(7) days was determined utilizing all available experimental values by a power-moderated mean (PMM) method.

Radiation dose detectors based on a gas-filled detecting mode play an important role in cancer radiation therapy, nuclear accident early warning, and radiation protection but still suffer from frequent air density corrections, a high working voltage, and a long stability time. Therefore, to tackle these issues, the development of high-performance all-solid-state radiation dose detectors is urgently needed. Here, we demonstrated a prototype of a highly sensitive all-solid-state radiation dose detector based on a highly efficient Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite-like single crystal and a Si photodetector with a heterojunction structure. The Cs3Cu2I5-based detector exhibits an ultrabroad dynamic range of 11.45 mGyh(-1) to 107.3 Gyh(-1), covering nearly 5 orders of magnitude for gamma-ray with the upper limit being 100 times higher than that of Cs3Cu2I nanocrystal of 0.846 Gyh(-1) and the detection limit approaching the lower limit of the radiotherapy level (10 mGyh(-1)). Moreover, it has an outstanding linear response with a linear correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.9999 for the X/gamma-ray incident dose rate and a good repeatable response deviation of less than 0.3% for gamma-rays, which is comparable to classical ionization chamber detectors. This work opens a horizon of developing ultrabroad dynamic, highly sensitive, and low-power consumption all-solid-state radiation dose detectors based on perovskite-like single-crystal scintillators.

Background:Visually evaluating liver function is a hot topic in hepatology research. There are few reliable and practical visualization methods for evaluating the liver function in vivo in experimental studies. In this study, we established a multimodal imaging approach for in vivo liver function evaluation and compared healthy mice with chronic alcoholic liver injury (cALI) model mice to explore its potential applicability in experimental research.Methods:In vivo fluorescence imaging (IVFI) technology was utilized to visually represent the clearance of indocyanine green from the liver of both healthy mice and mice with cALI. The reserve liver function was evaluated via IVFI using the Cy5.5-galactosylated polylysine probe, which targets the asialoglycoprotein receptor of hepatocytes. Hepatic microcirculation was assessed through laser speckle perfusion imaging of hepatic blood perfusion. The liver microstructure was then investigated by in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging. Finally, hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor expression, histology, and the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured.Results:In vivo multimodal imaging results intuitively and dynamically showed that indocyanine green clearance [mean ± standard deviation (SD): 30.83±14.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 20.3 to 41.35], the fluorescence signal intensity (mean ± SD: 1,217.92±117.63; 95% CI: 1,148.38 to 1,290.84) and fluorescence aggregation area (mean ± SD: 5,855.80±1,271.81; 95% CI: 5,051.57 to 6,653.88) of Cy5.5-galactosylated polylysine targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor, and hepatic blood perfusion (mean ± SD: 1,494.86±299.33; 95% CI: 1,316.98 to 1,690.16) in model mice were significantly lower than those in healthy mice (all P<0.001). Compared to healthy mice, the model mice exhibited a significant decline in liver asialoglycoprotein receptor expression (mean ± SD: 219.03±16.34; 95% CI: 208.97 to 230.69; P<0.001), increased serum alanine aminotransferase (mean ± SD: 149.70±47.89 U/L; 95% CI: 81.75 to 128.89; P=0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase levels (mean ± SD: 106.30±36.13 U/L; 95% CI: 122.01 to 180.17; P=0.021), hepatocyte swelling and deformation, disappearance of the hepatic cord structure, partial necrosis, and disintegration of hepatocytes. The imaging features of fluorescence signals in liver regions, hepatic blood perfusion and microstructure were biologically related to hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor expression, serum indices of liver function, and histopathology in model mice.Conclusions:Utilizing in vivo multimodal imaging technology to assess liver function is a viable approach for experimental research, providing dynamic and intuitive visual evaluations in a rapid manner.

Background: A boosted protease inhibitor (PI) plus two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or a boosted PI plus an integrase inhibitor is recommended as second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) alternatives. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of raltegravir (RAL)-based and lopinavir-boosted ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens as second-line options in the Chinese population.Methods: A multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized controlled cohort study was performed at 18 research sites in China. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with a plasma viral load >400 copies/mL after at least 1 year of first-line ART were enrolled. Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive oral RAL plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plus LPV/r (RAL group) and lamivudine (3TC) plus TDF plus LPV/r (LPV/r group) for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was a plasma viral load <400 copies/mL at the 48th week, which was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Other important indicators, such as cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count and HIV-1 DNA, were measured by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR, respectively.Results: A total of 175 patients were randomized to either the RAL group (n = 119) or the LPV/r group (n = 56). High levels of drug resistance to both TDF and 3TC were observed in both groups (41.4% vs. 39.5%, p = 0.84). At the 48th week, the viral load <400 copies/mL was achieved in 100 (94.3%) out of 106 patients in the RAL group and 47 (92.2%) out of 59 patients in the LPV/r group (p = 0.60). There was non-significant difference between the two groups in the percentage of patients with cluster of CD4 cell counts >200 cells/mu L (85.0% vs. 76.5%,p = 0.19). Likewise, the non-significant decrease in HIV-1 DNA was observed in the two groups at the 48th week. Faster viral suppression and CD4 cell recovery were observed in the RAL group.Conclusions: The LPV/r-based regimen as a second-line ART demonstrated a similar effective long-term virologic suppression rate compared to the RAL-based regimen. A regimen of NRTIs plus PI remains the most effective and cost-effective second-line option in developing regions.

As a new type of inorganic scintillator, ZnO crystal doped with Ga has been used for Ultra-fast scintillating detectors with fast response to detect X-ray, gamma, neutron, and charged particles. Moreover, due to the large bandgap energy and high threshold displacement energy, ZnO: Ga has a strong radiation resistance in theory. However, there is a lack of experimental studies on the change of scintillation properties of ZnO: Ga under an intense irradiation environment. This study deposited thin Ga-doped ZnO films on alpha-Al2O3(0001) substrate by dual-target reactive magnetron sputtering. The ZnO: Ga samples were irradiated by neutrons from 1010 to 7.1 x 1014 neutrons/cm2 (1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence) and gamma rays from 500 to 10,000 Gy, respectively. The structural and optical properties of all irradiated samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical transmittance (TS), and effective light output at room temperature. The results indicated that all the irradiated samples are still in both hexagonal wurtzite structure and c-axis orientation. Compared with unirradiated samples, it is found that the samples' optical transmittance, energy resolution, and effective light output have little change due to irradiation, which has fully proved that the ZnO: Ga scintillation films have good radiation resistance under neutron and gamma irradiation. Hence, ZnO: Ga is an attractive candidate for radiation detectors with ultra-fast responses under extreme radiation environments.

Background:The biophysical properties of the meridian system, an important concept of traditional Chinese medicine, include low impedance, resounding voice, and high acoustic conductance, all of which are helpful for elucidating the essence of meridians.Objectives:To visualize the human pericardium meridian (PC) based on the resounding voice property of meridians.Methods:Visualization of the PC was performed by injection of fluorescein sodium at the PC6 acupoint (Neiguan) on the PC. Before injection, percussion active points (PAPs) were identified by the virtue of their resounding voice properties. After injection, the trajectories of fluorescein migration throughout the body surface were recorded and analyzed. The distribution of fluorescein in the tissue was further studied using cross-sections of hind limbs of mini-pigs, in which fluorescein was injected into low impedance points.Results:The identified PAP lines were colocalized with PC. Following intradermal fluorescein injection, 1-3 fluorescent lines, which were unrelated to the arm veins, were observed in 7 of 10 participants; 85.4% of fluorescent signals were coincident with PAPs and their intensity had a negative correlation with the body mass index (r = -0.56, p = 0.045). Cross-sections showed a Y-shaped fluorescence pattern where the two migration lines on the surface were the two vertices of the "Y."Conclusion:The trajectories of fluorescein in the body are suggestive of the anatomical structure of meridians. The PC is related to the deep horizontal interstitial channels that connect to the body surface through vertical interstitial spaces. These biophysical properties and techniques for meridian visualization are valuable for revealing the anatomical structure of meridians.

Background:Several studies have described the rapid decline and clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection after initiating combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Early decline of HBsAg levels is associated with HBsAg seroclearance in the treatment of chronic HBV infection. This study aims to evaluate the HBsAg kinetics and the determinants of early HBsAg decline in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection during cART.Methods:A total of 51 patients with HIV/HBV coinfection were enrolled from a previously established HIV/AIDS cohort and followed for a median of 59.5 months after cART initiation. Biochemical tests, virology and immunology assessments were measured longitudinally. The kinetics of HBsAg during cART were analyzed. Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) levels and immune activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) were measured at baseline, 1-year and 3-year during treatment. HBsAg response was defined as a decline of more than 0.5 log10 IU/ml at 6 months from the baseline after initiation of cART.Results:HBsAg declined faster (0.47 log10 IU/mL) in the first six months and attained a decrease of 1.39 log10 IU/mL after 5-year therapy. Seventeen (33.3%) participants achieved a decline of more than 0.5 log10 IU/ml at the first 6 months of cART(HBsAg response) of which five patients achieved HBsAg clearance at a median of 11 months (range: 6-51 months). Multivariate logistic analysis showed the lower baseline CD4+ T cell levels (OR=6.633, P=0.012) and sPD-1 level (OR=5.389, P=0.038) were independently associated with HBsAg response after cART initiation. The alanine aminotransferase abnormality rate and HLA-DR expression were significantly higher in patients who achieved HBsAg response than in those who did not achieve HBsAg response after cART initiation.Conclusion:Lower CD4 + T cells, sPD-1, and immune activation were related to a rapid HBsAg decline in patients with HIV/HBV-coinfection after the initiation of cART. These findings imply that immune disorders induced by HIV infection may disrupt immune tolerance to HBV, leading to a faster decline in HBsAg levels during coinfection.

Background Therapeutic approaches to HIV-suppressed immunological non-responders (INRs) remain unsettled. We previously reported efficacy of Chinese herbal Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in INRs. Its derivative (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) on CD4 T cell recovery was assessed.Methods The phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults patients with long-term suppressed HIV infection and suboptimal CD4 recovery, at nine hospitals in China. The patients were 1:1:1 assigned to receive oral LLDT-8 0.5 mg or 1 mg daily, or placebo combined with antiretroviral therapy for 48 weeks. All study staff and participants were masked. The primary endpoints include change of CD4 T cell counts and inflammatory markers at week 48. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04084444) and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (CTR20191397).Findings A total of 149 patients were enrolled from Aug 30, 2019 and randomly allocated to receiving LLDT-8 0.5 mg daily (LT8, n = 51), 1 mg daily (HT8, n = 46), or placebo (PL, n = 52). The median baseline CD4 count was 248 cells/ mm3, comparable among three groups. LLDT-8 was well-tolerated in all participants. At 48 weeks, change of CD4 counts was 49 cells/mm3 in LT8 group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30, 68), 63 cells/mm3 in HT8 group (95% CI: 41, 85), compared to 32 cells/mm3 in placebo group (95% CI: 13, 51). LLDT-8 1 mg daily significantly increased CD4 count compared to placebo (p = 0.036), especially in participants over 45 years. The mean change of serum interferon-& gamma;-induced protein 10 was -72.1 mg/L (95% CI -97.7, -46.5) in HT8 group at 48 weeks, markedly decreased compared to -22.8 mg/L (95% CI -47.1, 1.5, p = 0.007) in placebo group. Treatment -emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 41 of 46 (89.1%) participants in HT8 group, 43 of 51 (84.3%) in LT8, and 42 of 52 (80.7%) in PL group. No drug-related SAEs were reported.Interpretation LLDT-8 enhanced CD4 recovery and alleviated inflammation in long-term suppressed INRs, providing them a potential therapeutic option.Copyright & COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

目的 分析2021年农安县302例食源性疾病病例的监测结果,了解农安县食源性疾病的流行因素及监测系统现状,为食源性疾病监测工作提供依据.方法 运用描述性流行病学的方法,分析2021年农安县食源性疾病病例监测系统中的病例信息.结果 共收集食源性疾病病例302例,男158例,女144例,男女比例1.1:1;以46～60岁年龄段的病例占比最多,为37.09％;职业以农民为主,占比67.22％;主要症状为腹泻,占比81.79％;暴露食品中以水果及其制品类居多,占比46.36％;暴露食品加工及包装方式分布以散装食品和家庭自制食品为主,占比分别为38.41％和37.75％;发病有明显的季节性,以6—8月居多.结论 加强食源性疾病监测网络建设,加大宣传力度让群众了解食源性疾病的危害因素,减少食源性疾病的发生.

Developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts for cyclic olefins epoxidation is highly attractive for meeting the growing need for various cyclic epoxides. Herein, hierarchical TS-1 zeolite with relatively abundant mesopores and less amount of surface hydroxyl groups was obtained by hydrothermal modification of an as-synthesized TS-1 zeolite with a mixed solution of ammonia, tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and KCl. The post-modified TS-1 zeolite exhibited much higher catalytic activity (52% conversion) and epoxide selectivity (98%) for the epoxidation of cyclopentene than the conventional TS-1 zeolites. The excellent catalytic activity of the hierarchical TS-1 could be mainly assigned to the enhancement of the mass transport ability and the accessibility of the active Ti species, while the improvement of epoxidation selectivity may be mainly related to the introduction of a certain amount of K+ that can effectively modulate the coordination environment of Ti species as well as the polarity of the zeolite. This work demonstrated that a highly active and selective catalyst for the H2O2-mediated cyclopentene epoxidation could be obtained by concurrently generating mesopore and extinguishing the unfavorable defective hydroxyl groups through the simple hydrothermal treatment of the conventional TS-1 zeolite with a mixed base/salt solution.

The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) additive on the synthesis of TS-1 zeolites was investigated by changing the addition amount of PEG and the crystallization time. Adding suitable amount of PEG may effectively inhibit the generation of unfavorable anatase, and result in the formation of TS-1 zeolites enriched tetrahedral framework Ti species with a short crystallization time (1.5 days). The resultant TS-1 zeolites showed significant improvement in catalyzing epoxidation of 1-hexene with H2O2 as oxidant. A turnover frequency (TOF) up to 161 h−1 could be obtained over the anatase-free TS-1 zeolite, much higher than the conventional TS-1 zeolite (TOF: 95 h−1). This work demonstrated that using a small amount of PEG additive could be beneficial for the formation of anatase-free TS-1 zeolites, which may have great potential for the catalytic application in H2O2-mediated olefin epoxidation.

Data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic (pgRNA) levels in HIV/HBV coinfected patients pre- and post-combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of HBV pgRNA levels in treatment-naive coinfected patients and explore the changes that occur after the initiation of cART by examining patients from multicentre cohort studies performed in China. We included HIV/HBV coinfected subjects from the China AIDS Clinical Trial cohorts established from 2008 to 2014. Clinical and serological markers of HIV and HBV infection and biochemical data were acquired at baseline and after 96 and 240-480 weeks of cART. The correlations between HBV pgRNA and HBV DNA levels as well as HBsAg levels were calculated using Spearman's bivariate correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with undetectable HBV pgRNA levels before cART and HBeAg loss after cART. A total of 132 HIV/HBV coinfected patients were enrolled, and 100 individuals were HBeAg-negative. A total of 34.4% (32/93) of patients were positive for HBV pgRNA, and the median HBV pgRNA level was 4.92 (IQR: 4.21-6.12) log10 copies/mL before cART. The median HBV pgRNA level was significantly lower in HBeAg-negative individuals than in HBeAg-positive individuals (4.22 (IQR: 2.70-4.84) log10 copies/mL vs. 5.77 (IQR: 4.63-6.55) log10 copies/mL, p = 0.002). HBV pgRNA was moderately correlated with HBsAg (r = 0.594, p = 0.001), and positively associated with HBV DNA (r = 0.445, p = 0.011). The factors independently associated with undetectable HBV pgRNA level before cART were HBV DNA (OR: 5.61, 95% CI: 1.50-20.96, p = 0.01) and HBeAg status (OR: 5.95, 95% CI: 1.52-23.25, p = 0.01). A total of 87.5% (28/32) of patients were followed for a median duration of 138 (IQR: 54-240) weeks, and the HBV pgRNA levels became undetectable in seven patients. The 132 patients were observed for 695.5 person-years, and no HBsAg loss occurred. Thirteen individuals achieved HBeAg loss, four patients had undetectable levels of HBV pgRNA pre-cART, and the level of six individuals became undetectable during the 48-week (IQR: 48-264) follow-up period. HBeAg status was significantly associated with HBV pgRNA level in HIV/HBV coinfected patients pre- and post-cART. Additionally, undetectable HBV pgRNA level may be associated with HBeAg loss after cART.