In this paper, we address two of the common faults of indoor background modeling, namely the light switch and the bootstrapping problems. Light switch concerns sudden changes in lighting conditions that cause the failure of a background model of the scene. Bootstrapping problems occur when a training sequence free of moving objects is not available for model building.Our study investigates how rearrangements in the structure of multi-modular vision systems can improve the system performance in a changing environment. In other words, we want to introduce in the system the capability to select the most reliable method for extracting usefulinformation among those available, and to exclude inadequate modules from the flow of signal analysis.

The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on seed germination and seedling growth of w−1, a wilty, ABA-deficient sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutant, is described in comparison with the control line (W-1). Exogenous ABA inhibited seed germination in both genotypes; however, for some ABA concentrations, whole achenes of w-1 mutant were slightly more inhibited than the wild type; naked seeds of w-1 were significantly less inhibited than the wild type. To investigate the sensitivity to osmotic stress in relation to ABA levels, naked seeds were subjected to different PEG solutions. Mutant seeds showed a higher osmotic resistance, germinating at more negative osmotic potentials; moreover, at low osmotic potentials, germination of w-1 seeds occurred much earlier than control seeds. Growth inhibition experiments indicated that shoot and root growth of w-1 seedlings is less sensitive to ABA with respect to control line. These differences may be related to the ABA deficiency of the w-1 genotype, but we cannot exclude the possibility that the wilty mutant may have a complex alteration of either ABA synthesis and the reception and/or transduction of the hormonal signal.

Journal Article Inheritance of the "Basilicum Leaf" Mutation in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Get access C. Pugliesi, C. Pugliesi Dipartimento di Biologia delle Plante Agrarie, Sezlone di Genetica, Università di Pisavia Matteotti 1/B 56124 Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Fambrini, M. Fambrini Dipartimento di Biologia delle Plante Agrarie, Sezlone di Genetica, Università di Pisavia Matteotti 1/B 56124 Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Barotti, S. Barotti Dipartimento di Biologia delle Plante Agrarie, Sezlone di Genetica, Università di Pisavia Matteotti 1/B 56124 Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Lenzi, A. Lenzi Dipartimento di Biologia delle Plante Agrarie, Sezlone di Genetica, Università di Pisavia Matteotti 1/B 56124 Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Baroncelli S. Baroncelli Dipartimento di Biologia delle Plante Agrarie, Sezlone di Genetica, Università di Pisavia Matteotti 1/B 56124 Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 86, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 76–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111535 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 14 December 1993 Accepted: 20 July 1994 Published: 01 January 1995

In vitro regenerated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants (R(1)) were self-fertilized and the R(2) generation was evaluated for qualitative traits. A broad range of phenotypic variation was observed and mutation frequencies were calculated. Some in vitro induced variant phenotypes were similar to known spontaneous or induced mutations in sunflower, while others were new. Chlorophyll and carotenoid deficiencies, chimaerical variegation, fasciated stem and capitulum, abnormal shoot development, and other morphological variations, were noted. Substitution of anthers with petaloid structures in a disk-floret mutant indicates a possible homeotic mutation induced by in vitro tissue culture.