Journal Article St Helena: An Island Biography, by Arthur MacGregor Get access St Helena: An Island Biography, by Arthur MacGregor (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2024; pp. xiv + 229. £85). Stephen Royle Stephen Royle Queen's University Belfast, UK [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, ceaf012, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaf012 Published: 05 February 2025

New Zealand GeographerEarly View BOOK REVIEW Taking the ridge: Anzacs and Germans at the Battle of Messines 1917, Jeffrey McNeill, Palmerston North: Titipounamu Publishing. 2022. 376 pp. ISBN: 978-0-473-58461-0 Stephen A. Royle, Corresponding Author Stephen A. Royle [email protected] School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK Correspondence Stephen A. Royle, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Stephen A. Royle, Corresponding Author Stephen A. Royle [email protected] School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK Correspondence Stephen A. Royle, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 26 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12355Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Successful transoceanic voyages relied on networks of islands. Some provided places where crew and passengers could rest; where ships could replenish their supplies of fresh food and water; and where dockyards allowed vessels to be repaired. Islands were thus often employed as way stations in this world of maritime endeavour. St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean, was one of the first islands to be put to such use in the burgeoning English overseas empire of the seventeenth century. Other islands were of value for what they could produce. They were not acquired to facilitate or protect British operations elsewhere; they themselves were the prizes. The contribution of islands to the geography of the British Empire in the age of sail was significant, and certainly of more importance than their mere physical size would suggest.

This article makes distinctions between stories of islands and island history, between descriptions of individual islands and the subject matter of Island Studies. St Helena is used as the case study, not during its days on the global stage as the prison for Napoleon, but earlier, when it was a revictualing station for East India Company ships returning from the Orient. Events and stories on St Helena during this period are seen to be part of a much wider historical setting of global trade and nascent imperialism. International contestation played a role, too, with the island changing hands twice in 1673 when the Dutch conquerors were displaced by the English navy. Following recapture, the earlier attempts of the East India Company to establish a utopian society on their island were abandoned and a harsh regime imposed, which was met with sedition, mutiny and a slave rebellion. The article concludes with a discussion of the growing realisation of the significance of St Helena and other islands to the study of imperial history.

This article deals with the encounters between a traditional Korean rural and island population and western military forces when the British navy occupied Geomundo, an archipelago known to them as Port Hamilton, for 22months between 1885 and 1887. The paper first outlines the sometimes painful process of East Asian countries being opened up to trade and outside influences in the 19th century, a process sometimes urged upon them by naval weapons in this era of gunboat diplomacy. This provides the setting for the Port Hamilton Affair itself when in preparation for possible war with Russia, a British naval squadron steamed into Port Hamilton and took it without reference to the local people or their national government. After brief reference to the political consequences of this action, the focus is then on what the records from the occupation and earlier investigations by the British, who had long coveted the islands’ strategic harbour, reveal about the life of the islanders. The article considers both their traditional life, from a time rather before western travel accounts were written about the Korean mainland, and how the islanders fared under the British.

AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN IRELAND. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1981. 166pp. IR£3-00. Reviewed by: Stu DaultreyTHE PERSONALITY OF IRELAND. HABITAT, HERITAGE AND HISTORY, by E. Estyn Evans. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1981. 2nd edition, 130pp. £3–95 stg. Reviewed by: P.J. DuffyTHE EMERGENCE OF MODERN IRELAND 1600–1900, by L.M. Cullen. London: Batsford, 1981. 292 pp. £17–50stg. Reviewed by: T. Jones HughesLA POPULATION DE LTRLANDE, by Jacques Verricrc. Paris: Mouton Editeur, 1979. 580 pp. Reviewed by: J.P. HaughtonTHE CONTEMPORARY POPULATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND AND POPULATION RELATED ISSUES, edited by Paul A. Compton. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University, Belfast, 1981. £4–50stg. Reviewed by: D.G. PringleTHE SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION OF IRELAND WITHIN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 58 (by Anthony Foley and Ms. P. Walbridge). Dublin: Stationery Office, (1981). 88 pp. IRC1-35. Reviewed by: P. BreathnachGEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, By HJ. Plettner. Research Paper Number 9. Galway: Social Sciences Research Centre, University College, Galway, 1979. 50 pp. Reviewed by: Desmond A. GillmorTHE TOWN IN IRELAND: HISTORICAL STUDIES XIII, edited by David Harkness and Mary O'Dowd. Belfast: Appletree Press, 1981. 252 pp. IR£10'90; £8–95 stg. Reviewed by: Stephen A. RoyleURBANISATION: PROBLEMS OF GROWTH AND DECAY IN DUBLIN, National Economic and Social Council Report No. 55 (by M.J. Bannon, J.G. Eustace and M. O'Neill). Dublin: Stationery Office, 1981. 376pp. IR£3–15. Reviewed by: A.J. ParkerLAND TRANSACTIONS AND PRICES IN THE DUBLIN AREA 1974–1978, by R. Jennings. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha, 1980. 29 pp. IR£l–50. Reviewed by: Andrew MacLaranRESOURCE SURVEY OF THE KILLALA AREA, by M.S. 6 Cinneide and M.J. Keane. Galway: Social Science Research Centre, University College, Galway, 1980. 152 pp. IR£10-00. Reviewed by: P. O'FlanaganSIDE BY SIDE: TOWARDS A BALANCED DEVELOPMENT, by a Dutch Study Team. Sligo: (County development office), 1980. 166 pp. Reviewed by: Mary E. CawleyTHE BLASKET ISLANDS: NEXT PARISH AMERICA, by Joan and Ray Stagles. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1980, 144 pp. IRC8-00. Reviewed by: R.H. BuchananTHE SASH CANADA WORE: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE ORANGE ORDER IN CANADA, by C.J. Houston and W.J. Smyth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. 215 pp. $(Can.)15-00. Reviewed by: F.H.A. AalenRICHARD GRIFFITH 1784–1878, edited by G.L.H. Davies and R.C. Mollan, Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1980. 221 pp. Reviewed by: Colin A. LewisMAP REVIEWSMOURNE COUNTRY OUTDOOR PURSUITS MAP. 1:25,000. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1981. £1–75 stg; THE WICKLOW WAY. 1:50,000. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1981. IR£l-80. Reviewed by: E. BuckmasterORDNANCE SURVEY HOLIDAY MAP. 1:250,000. Sheet 1, Ireland North. Belfast: Ordnance Survey of Northern ireland, 1980. £1–20stg. Sheet 3, Ireland East. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1981. IR£l-80. Reviewed by: E. Buckmaster

The economy and society of the Aran Islands can be explored in a manner not possible for many areas of Ireland in the pre-Famine period because of the rare survival of their 1821 census enumerator's book. Analysis of this detailed source reveals that the islands had a close-knit supportive society and that their economy was based largely upon agriculture, fishing and kelpmaking. There is evidence from the census and contemporary reports to suggest that this economy was becoming more commercial through links with the neighbouring counties of Clare and Galway. However, there is also evidence of marginality in the economy because of population pressure and agricultural problems and in the year following the 1821 census the economy failed and the islands were subject to a famine that necessitated relief from outside

The study of the nineteenth‐century geography and social history of Ireland has been severely handicapped by the destruction of the vast majority of the manuscript material collected in connection with the decennial censuses. Documents from the 1861–1891 censuses were never preserved ; those from the 1813–1851 censuses were largely lost in the destruction of the Four Courts in Dublin in 1922. The surviving material from the 1813–1851 period has been surprisingly little used by researchers into the nineteenth century. This paper lists those manuscript records that have survived for areas large enough to be worthy of geographical investigation and it also demonstrates the range of information given in each set of manuscripts. The contents of the fully extant 1901 and 1911 census enumerators’ returns are also given.

SURVEYING AND MAPPING IN THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, by Kevin Mooney and Frank Prendergast. Dublin: a study commissioned by the Society of Chartered Surveyors, 1991. 32pp (mimeographed). IR£10.00. No ISBN.ORDNANCE SURVEY OF IRELAND 1:50,000, The Rambler Series, First Edition, Sheet 78, The Reeks. Dublin: Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1990. IR£3.50. Sheet size 760 × 990mm (frame of map 645 × 845mm).THE ONE‐INCH ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP OF IRELAND. Facsimile of the 205 hill‐shaded sheets published between 1855 and 1894. Dublin: Phoenix Maps. 1990. IR£3.00 each. ISBN 1872259 xx x (xxx = numbers vary according to particular map).A MAP OF THE COUNTY OF MEATH IN THE PROVINCE OF LEINSTER IN IRELAND, by William Larkin [1812]. Dublin: Phoenix Maps, 1989. 2 sheets IR£10.00. ISBN 1 85593 1915. WILLIAM LARKIN'S MAP OF COUNTY GALWAY, 1819. Dublin: Phoenix Maps, 1989. 2 sheets. IR£10.00. ISBN 185593 1060. HENRY PELHAM'S MAP OF COUNTY CLARE 1787. Dublin: Phoenix Maps, 1989. 4 sheets. IR£16.00. ISBN 1 85593 111 7.MAP AND GUIDE: ACHILL ISLAND, by Hob Kingston. Privately published, Bob Kingston, Achill Island, 1988. No price recorded.

The destruction caused by tropical cyclone (TC) Pam in March 2015 is considered one of the worst natural disasters in the history of Vanuatu. It has highlighted the need for a better understanding of TC impacts and adaptation in the Southwest Pacific (SWP) region. Therefore, the key aims of this study are to (i) understand local perceptions of TC activity, (ii) investigate impacts of TC activity and (iii) uncover adaptation strategies used to offset the impacts of TCs. To address these aims, a survey (with 130 participants from urban areas) was conducted across three SWP small island states (SISs): Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga (FVT). It was found that respondents generally had a high level of risk perception and awareness of TCs and the associated physical impacts, but lacked an understanding of the underlying weather conditions. Responses highlighted that current methods of adaptation generally occur at the local level, immediately prior to a TC event (preparation of property, gathering of food, finding a safe place to shelter). However higher level adaptation measures (such as the modification to building structures) may reduce vulnerability further. Finally, we discuss the potential of utilising weather-related traditional knowledge and non-traditional knowledge of empirical and climate-model-based weather forecasts to improve TC outlooks, which would ultimately reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity. Importantly, lessons learned from this study may result in the modification and/or development of existing adaptation strategies.

(1992). Population, Society and Economy on Tory Island, Co. Donegal. Irish Geography: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 169-176.