Traffic congestion is becoming a serious problem with the large number of vehicle on the roads. In the traditional traffic control system, the timing of the green light is adjusted regardless of the average traffic rate at the junction. Many strategies have been introduced to solve and improve vehicle management. However, in order to handle road traffic issues, an intelligent traffic management solution is required. This article represents a self adaptive real-time traffic light control algorithm based on the traffic flow. We present a machine learning approach coupled with image processing to manage the traffic clearance at the signal junction. The proposed system utilizes single image processing via neural network and You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) framework to establish traffic clearance at the signal. We employed YOLO architectures because it is accurate in terms of mean average precision (mAP), interaction over union (IOU) values and fast in object detection tasks as well. It runs significantly faster than other detection methods with comparable performance. The average processing time of single image was estimated to be 1.3 s. Further based on the input from YOLO we estimated the ‘on’ time period green light for effective traffic clearance. Several real time parameters like number of vehicles (two wheelers, four wheelers), road width and junction crossing time are considered to estimate the ‘on’time of green light. Moreover, we used the real traffic images to test the performance and trained the system with different dataset. Our experiments investigation reveals that the predicted vehicle counts were well matched with the actual vehicle count and proposed method apprehended an average accuracy of 81.1%. The reported strategy is self adaptive, highly accurate, fast and has the potential to be implemented in the traffic clearance at the junctions.

Solar thermal energy storage unit anchored fatty acids as Phase Change Materials (PCMs) having narrow range of transition temperature and high latent heat of fusion. In this paper, a new novel eutectic PCM was developed by using a fatty acid (acetamide) and non-paraffin organic PCM (acetanilide) for a sharp melting point and high latent heat of fusion. The optimized eutectic PCM may be used for middle temperature range solar thermal energy storage systems. The binary mixture of acetamide and acetanilide at various compositions by mass ratio (wt%) was prepared and optimized experimentally for lowest value of melting point at a eutectic mixture composition of 60 wt% of acetamide and 40 wt% of acetanilide. Eutectic PCM was analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). DSC results revealed that optimized eutectic PCM has a sharp melting point of 65.37°C and high latent heat of fusion of 224.67 kJ/kg. Accelerated thermal cycle testing of optimized eutectic PCM was performed for 100 melting and freezing cycles and change in melting temperature and latent heat of fusion was acceptable.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using three different approaches successfully. These approaches were adopted as per different applications of TiO2 nanoparticles. These samples were characterized using X- ray diffraction (XRD) technique. XRD revealed nanocrystalline regime of TiO2 nanoparticles in each approach. The calculated size of nanoparticle was less than 11 nm in the used chemical approaches. Prominent and broad peaks were observed in XRD pattern for all samples, which showed all samples were in nanocrytalline form. The particle size was calculated for first three most intense prominent XRD peaks. By adopting sol gel method using Titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) as precursor, the synthesized Titania particles were pure anatas and of size 7 to 11nm and using co-precipitation method using TiCl3 as precursor synthesized Titania were pure rutile and of size 3 to 7 nm. The co-precipitation method has been best suited for getting smaller nanoparticles. It was also observed that Solid state mechanical reduction root can be used to reduce the size of Titania micro-particles up to about 60 nm but phase of nanoparticles remains same as starting microparticles. It has been seen that the material properties of TiO2 can be tuned by proper method of synthesis. The work may play important role to choose particular synthesis method for specific application. These nano synthesized TiO2 materials may be used in a wide range of applications such as dye sensitized solar cell, photocatalysis, antibacterial, environment pollutant removal and photoactivated self cleaning properties etc.