OBJECTIVES:Previous studies generally used cross-sectional data and focused on under-five children to assess the risk factors for malnutrition among Indian children. Some recent studies have reported that recovery from or faltering in malnutrition is possible after five years of age, but socio-demographic subgroup disparities have not been explored. This study aims to find the longitudinal disparity in height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BMIAZ scores) across various sub-groups of a cohort from childhood to adolescence. METHODS:This study used a cohort from the Young Lives Survey, which followed children aged of 1-15 years between 2002 and 2016-17 in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India. Mixed-effect models were applied to find the main, time, and interaction effects of HAZ scores and BMIAZ scores. In addition, an extended Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition approach to assess group-based differences over time was used. RESULTS:The cross-sectional prevalence of stunting reduced across all subgroups, while thinness rose during the same period. The interactions of child sex, mother's education, place of residence, wealth index, and antenatal care with time were statistically significant at p <0.05. The gender disparity in adjusted HAZ score  decreased from 0.214 units at 1 year to 0.011 units at 15 years, whereas BMIAZ score differential increased from 0.106 to 0.538 units over same timeframe. Disparities in scores were also observed across rural-urban, maternal education, social group, religion, socioeconomic status, maternal age at birth, antenatal care, and premature birth status. CONCLUSION:The study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of paediatric growth, emphasising the importance of longitudinal approaches in understanding and addressing the health disparities across different stages of childhood and adolescence.

Context:Miscarriage is the most distressing complication in early pregnancy, with one in every five pregnant women ending in a miscarriage, and its causes are multifactorial. Aim:This study aimed to find the risk and protective factors of miscarriage among women aged 15-49 years in India by using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data. Methods and Material:The data were taken from NFHS-5; 53,560 women aged 15-49 years who had reported either a miscarriage (n = 5104) or livebirth (n = 48,456) during the last 12 months preceding the survey were included in the study. Statistical Analysis Used:Various sociodemographic, lifestyle, comorbid, and fertility-related factors were considered in the Poisson regression analysis, and adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained. Results:Significant sociodemographic risk factors were age less than 20 years or more than 34 years, urban residence, primary and higher education levels, wealth index middle and above, and occupation as employed. Muslim religion, Scheduled Tribe, and Other Backward Class castes were statistically significant protective factors. Obesity, severe anemia, hypertension, and thyroid disorder were the significant comorbid risk factors, whereas tobacco chewing was the only significant lifestyle risk factor. A higher number of ever-born children was the fertility-related risk factor, whereas the use of intrauterine devices was a significant protective factor for miscarriage. Conclusions:To reduce the incidence of miscarriage in developing countries like India, the respective governments and healthcare providers should develop intervention programs targeting women in well-educated and high-income families.

Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP) is an attempt to improve laparoscopic surgery. Lower pressure causes lesser inflammation and better hemodynamics. There is a lack of literature comparing inflammatory markers in LPP with deep NMB to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (SPP) with moderate NMB in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This was a single institutional prospective randomized control trial. Participants included all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease. Participants were divided into 2 groups group A and B. Group A—Low-pressure group in which pneumoperitoneum pressure was kept low (8–10 mmHg) with deep Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and Group B—Normal pressure group (12–14 mmHg) with moderate NMB. A convenience sample size of 80 with 40 in each group was selected. Lab investigations like CBC, LFT, RFT and serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TNF alpha levels were measured at base line and 24 h after surgery and compared using appropriate statistical tests. Other parameters like length of hospital stay, post-operative pain score, conversion rate (low-pressure to standard pressure), and complications were also compared. Eighty participants were analysed with 40 in each group. Baseline characteristics and investigations were statistically similar. Difference (post-operative–pre-operative) of inflammatory markers were compared between both groups. Numerically there was a slightly higher rise in most of the inflammatory markers (TLC, ESR, CRP, IL-6, TNFα) in Group B compared to Group A but not statistically significant. Albumin showed significant fall (p < 0.001) in Group B compared to Group A. Post-operative pain was also significantly less (p < 0.001) in Group A compared to Group B at 6 h and 24 h. There were no differences in length of hospital stay and incidence of complications. There was no conversion from low-pressure to standard pressure. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with deep NMB may have lesser inflammation and lesser post-operative pain compared to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum with moderate NMB. Future studies with larger sample size need to be designed to support these findings.

Background: Despite the implementation of various preventive measures, India continues to experience an alarmingly high under-five mortality rate (U5MR). The most recent nationwide data on U5MRs has provided an opportunity to re-examine the associated factors of U5MRs using advanced techniques. This study attempted to identify the associated determinants of U5MRs via the generalised additive Cox proportional hazards method. Methods: This study analysed the fifth round of unit-level data for 213,612 children from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) to identify the risk factors associated with U5MRs, employing a generalised additive Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: The children who had a length of pregnancy of less than 9 months had a 2.621 (95% CI: 2.494, 2.755) times greater hazard of U5MRs than the children who had a gestational period of 9 months or more. The non-linear association with U5MRs was highest in the mother’s age, followed by the mother’s haemoglobin, the mother’s education, and household wealth score. The relationships between the mother’s age and the mother’s haemoglobin level with the U5MR were found to be U-shaped. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of addressing maternal and socioeconomic factors while improving access to healthcare services in order to reduce U5MRs in India. Furthermore, the findings underscore the necessity for more sophisticated approaches to healthcare delivery that consider the non-linear relationships between predictor variables and U5MRs.

Background:Mental health conditions are highly prevalent, and both supply- and demand-side factors drive a high treatment gap. There is a dearth of socio-culturally appropriate measures to assess barriers to professional help-seeking in distressed non-treatment seekers. This study aimed to develop and validate the Barriers to Seek Professional Help for Mental Health Scale for distressed, non-treatment-seeking young adults experiencing common mental health concerns in the Indian context. Methods:The study was conducted in three phases: Phase I: development of initial measure; Phase II: scale try-out (N = 190); and Phase III: validating the factor structure (N = 172). Distressed, non-treatment-seeking young adults (20-35 years old) were recruited for the present study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate it. Results:EFA showed that a five-factor structure best fits the data, namely, stigma and minimization, instrumental barriers, problem perception, self-efficacy in service utilization, and negative service expectancies. CFA revealed that the model was a reasonably good fit. The scale was finalized into a 24-item measure. Internal consistency reliabilities of the scale and subscales were satisfactory. Correlation patterns of barriers subscales with help negation, help-seeking inclination, and distress support its convergent validity. Conclusion:The Barriers to Seek Professional Help for Mental Health Scale was developed, and preliminary evidence supports its reliability, construct, and convergent validity. The scale could prove valuable for assessing barriers to seeking professional help for mental health in the Indian context, developing help-seeking interventions, and examining their effectiveness in increasing the uptake of mental health services.

Objective: To assess the timeliness and risk factors for the delay in the uptake of the hepatitis B birth dose among Indian children aged 0-59 months. Information regarding whether the children received the birth dose and the time of receiving it was recorded based on the vaccination card available at the time of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS).Methods: Using data from the fourth and fifth round of India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS), the percentage of uptake and timely receipt of the hepatitis B birth dose were obtained by background characteristics and at the sub-national level (state). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors. This study further performed a negative binomial regression estimation to predict the probability of receiving the birth dose at each day within a multivariable framework.Results: It was found that approximately 34 % of the children who received the birth dose and the timing of receiving the birth dose was made available through the vaccination card were administered the dose within 24 -hours during 2015-16. However, the percentage increased to 51.91 % during 2019-21. During 2019-21, Ladakh had the highest proportion (85.03 %) of children receiving the dose within 24-hours, followed by Jammu & Kashmir with 78 %, and Arunachal Pradesh with 68 %. Mother's education, economic status of the child's family and region (children belong from) were found to be significant predictors in delay of receiving the birth dose within 24 hours.Conclusion: Results indicated a need for targeted interventions to improve the coverage and timeliness in the uptake of this critical vaccine dose in the country. These interventions could include strategies such as strengthening the healthcare system, improving awareness among parents and healthcare providers, addressing logistical challenges in vaccine delivery, and promoting community engagement and education on importance of timely vaccination.

Abstract: Wheel defects on railway wagons have been identified as an important source of damage to the railway infrastructure and rolling stock. They also cause noise and vibration emissions that are costly to mitigate. We propose two machine learning methods to automatically detect these wheel defects, based on the wheel vertical force measured by a permanently installed sensor system on the railway network. Our methods automatically learn different types of wheel defects and predict during normal operation if a wheel has a defect or not. The first method is based on novel features for classifying time series data and it is used for classification with a support vector machine. To evaluate the performance of our method we construct multiple data sets for the following defect types: flat spot, shelling, and non-roundness. We outperform classical defect detection methods for flat spots and demonstrate prediction for the other two defect types for the first time. Motivated by the recent success of artificial neural networks for image classification, we train custom artificial neural networks with convolutional layers on 2-D representations of the measurement time series. The neural network approach improves the performance on wheels with flat spots and non-roundness by explicitly modelling the multi sensor structure of the measurement system through multiple instances learning and shift invariant networks.

Fabrication of efficient SERS active substrates from the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of Calf Thymus-DNA (CT -DNA) molecule after incubation into gold nanocolloid for 24 h has been presented. Relaxation kinetics of CT -DNA molecules at the air-water interface has been explicitly studied. The experimental observations from UV-Vis electronic absorption spectra together with the FESEM and AFM images of CT-DNA molecule organized in LB film collectively suggest the presence of H-type aggregated domains due to plane-to-plane self-association of the CT-DNA molecules on the surface of the LB film. XPS spectrum of the as prepared substrate has been unveiled to identify its chemical compositions while their morphological features are explored from the FESEM and AFM images. The SERS efficacy of the substrate has been tested with the 4-Mercaptopyridine (4-MPy) molecule at trace concentration. SERS enhancement factors ranging from 106-107 orders of magnitude have been evaluated for the characteristic bands of the 4-MPy molecule. The substrate not only exhibits appreciable spectral reproducibility, but it also confirms its stability and uniformity. The as prepared SERS active substrate has also been used for thiram detection at ultrasensitive concentration.

BACKGROUND:There exists a lacuna in the structured reporting of swallowing dysfunction and quality of life (QoL) outcome following major glossectomy. METHODS:Prospective cohort study to assess the swallowing dysfunction and QoL following STG (subtotal glossectomy) or NTG (near total glossectomy) over a 6-month period using FEES and PAS scale, MDADI, and FACT-HN. RESULTS:Twenty-four patients were available for analysis. The pre- and post-adjuvant evaluation revealed a statistically significant improvement in the composite MDADI and FACT-HN scores. Subscale analysis of FACT-HN scores revealed maximum deficit in the head and neck cancer-specific score domain followed by functional domain and social well-being domain, with serial improvement noted in the post-adjuvant setting. CONCLUSION:This study showed serial improvement in terms of swallowing dysfunction although social and functional well-being domains related to QoL continued to reveal major deficits. Better outcomes were seen with preservation of bilateral base of tongue and mandible.

Background: The fertility problem inventory (FPI) is one of the most widely used measures that tap the diverse psychological problems faced by infertile couples. Research on translated versions of FPI has also reflected its high clinical significance. Aim: This research aimed to explore the psychometric properties and the clinical validity of the original 46-item FPI in an Indian sample. Setting and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital setup of a medical college. Materials and Methods: The original FPI was translated and pilot tested. The translated FPI was taken by 205 consenting infertile patients (113 women and 92 men). The psychometric properties of FPI were thus explored. Statistical Analysis Used: Exploratory factor analysis with minimum residual method of extraction followed by oblimin rotation was performed. Perceived Stress Scale was used to establish the convergent validity of the newly developed FPI-Kannada version (FPI-K). A cut-off score for the FPI-K was obtained separately for males and females using ROC analysis in which hamilton anxiety scale was used as the gold standard. Results: Only 32 items of the original FPI had factor loadings above 0.3 and overall six factors explained these items with a cumulative percentage variation of 32%. Overall Cronbach's alpha for FPI-K was 0.671 and it had a good convergent validity. Conclusions: The new FPI-K had 6 sub-domains and the clinical utility of same is discussed.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the commonest post-infectious polyradiculopathy. Although genetic background of the host seems to play an important role in the susceptibility to GBS, genes conferring major risk are not yet known. Dysregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) molecules exacerbates immune-inflammatory responses and the genetic variations within TLR pathway-related genes contribute to differential risk to infection. The aim of this study was to delineate the impact of genetic variations within TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 genes as well as TLR signaling pathway-related genes such as MyD88, TRIF, TRAF3, TRAF6, IRF3, NFκβ1, and IκBα on risk of developing GBS. Fourteen polymorphisms located within TLR2 (rs3804099, rs111200466), TLR3 (rs3775290, rs3775291), TLR4 (rs1927911, rs11536891), MyD88 (rs7744, rs4988453), TRIF (rs8120), TRAF3 (rs12147254), TRAF6 (rs4755453), IRF3 (rs2304204), NFκβ1 (rs28362491), and IκBα (rs696) genes were genotyped in 150 GBS patients and 150 healthy subjects either by PCR-RFLP or TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. Genotypes of two polymorphic variants, Del/Del of rs111200466 insertion and deletion (INDEL) polymorphism of TLR2 gene and TT of rs3775290 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TLR3 gene had significantly higher frequencies among GBS patients, while the frequencies of TT genotype of rs3804099 SNP of TLR2 gene and TT genotype of rs11536891 SNP of TLR4 gene were significantly higher in controls. Gene-gene interaction study by Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction analysis also suggested a significant combined effect of TLR2, and NFκβ1 genes on the risk of GBS. The SNPs in the IκBα and IRF3 genes correlated with severity of GBS. The genes encoding TLRs and TLR signaling pathway-related molecules could serve as crucial genetic markers of susceptibility and severity of GBS.

SERS active substrate fabricated through self-assembly of Gold nanoparticles on the disjointed networks of Heat-cooled Calf Thymus DNA (HC-Ct DNA) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film has been reported. Adsorption kinetics of HC-Ct DNA molecules at the air-water interface has been studied explicitly. The UV-Vis electronic absorption spectra in conjunction with the FESEM images collectively suggest the presence of H- type aggregated domains most likely owing to plane-to-plane self-association of the HC-Ct DNA molecules aligned vertically on the surface of the LB film. Elemental composition and the morphological features of the as-prepared substrate (APS) are explored from XPS analysis and the FESEM, AFM images respectively. The SERS efficacy of the APS has been tested with trace concentrations of 4-Mercaptopyridine molecule. Finally, this SERS active substrate has also been used for the detection of malathion at ultrasensitive concentrations.

Background: Adaptation is a process of adjusting to the current or expected climate change. The varied adverse outcomes enable people towards necessary adaptation. People living in disaster-prone areas go through a relatively higher frequency of emergencies and exigencies. Gradually people learn to cope with stress and over a while, they develop various strategies for adaptation. The ability to rapidly adapt to such changes helps people to better fit in the environment and prepare themselves for future emergencies. There is no instrument available to measure psychosocial adaptation objectively. The current study reports on the development and validation of psychosocial adaptation instrument. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study. The study population consisted of people living in high-intensity hazard zones for cyclones, earthquakes, and floods in the Cuttack city of Odisha in India. The development of psychosocial adaptation instrument consisted of two phases. Content validity index, Kappa statistic, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were measured. Adopting the multistage sampling method a total of 400 participants were selected using the KISH method and were interviewed. Exploratory factor analysis was attempted to assess the factor structure. Further, the performance of items and total scale were analyzed using the item response theory approach. Results: The psychosocial adaptation instrument showed excellent validity of individual items (I-CVI range: 0.75 to 1.00) and good Kappa (Kappa range: 0.71 to 1.00). The Kuder-Richardson coefficient for the 50 items was (KR20 = 0.851) suggesting that the items have good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability ICC estimate of single measures was 0.916 (95% CI: 0.796, 0.959). Three items were removed as the discrimination parameters were found to be less than one in the item response theory analysis. Conclusion: The developed instrument is valid and has acceptable test-retest reliability. This instrument could pave a new way of quantifying the psychosocial adaption strategies that are widely used by people living in a disaster-prone area.

Abstract: This is a website for searching availability of any stationary product in the nearby stationary stores of the user, now including the online pharmacy feature and then the user can place the order in any of those stores. The user will enter the product name required. After searching for the availability of that product in the nearby store, the result will be shown (including a description of the product, price of the product, etc). Then the user can compare the price and quality of the product. After that, the user can choose a store from where they want to order the required product. The users can directly explore the website and can continue shopping. And once the order gets confirmed from the store the user will receive confirmation details. Once the order gets delivered the user will receive a feedback form about theexperience of shopping with our website and also the delivery time, behavior of that delivery person. The user can also rate and write reviews on our website about the store they have placed their order.

Background and Aims:Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), an immune-mediated neuropathy, is characterized by antibodies against gangliosides/ganglioside complexes (GSCs) of peripheral nerves. Antecedent infections have been reported to induce antibodies that cross-react with the host gangliosides and thereby have a pivotal role in conferring an increased risk for developing GBS. Data pertaining to the impact of various antecedent infections, particularly those prevalent in tropical countries like India on the ganglioside/GSC antibodies is sparse. We aimed at exploring the association between six antecedent infections and the profile of ganglioside/GSC antibodies in GBS. Methods:Patients with GBS (n = 150) and healthy controls (n = 50) were examined for the serum profile of antibodies against GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b and their GSCs by ELISA. These antibodies were correlated with immunoreactivities against Campylobacter jejuni, Japanese encephalitis (JE), dengue, influenza, zika, and chikungunya infections. Results:The frequencies of antibodies against six single gangliosides (P < 0.001) and their GSCs (P = 0.039) were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. Except for GT1b-antibody which was more frequent in axonal GBS, none of the other ganglioside/GSC antibodies correlated with the electrophysiological subtypes of GBS. Antecedent JE infection was significantly associated with increased frequency of antibodies against GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b. Antibodies against GSCs were not influenced by the antecedent infections. Interpretation:This study for the first time shows an association between antecedent JE infection and ganglioside antibodies in GBS. This finding reinforces the determining role of antecedent infections on ganglioside antibody responses and the subsequent immunological processes in GBS.

Cancer is a terminal disease that is caused by the assemblage of abnormal cells in the human body. Various pathological changes, and at times inherited problems cause such malignancies-the frequent being melanoma, myeloma, colon, lung, and breast cancers. There are several ways for identifying these cancers, however the process is very expensive and require experts. This project aims to create a web-based tool to detect these multiple malignancies. The project was split into two sections. In the first section, a detection model was created for each of the cancers. Then employed pre-trained convolutional neural network models to identify cancers using picture input. In the second part, these models were deployed on a website for detection. This website will help patients and doctors worldwide to diagnose these diseases without any advanced technology, which is very costly. We have merged all the cancer dataset and made a hybrid dataset for detection of all the cancer with only one model. The trained model gave 93% accuracy (3 classes with below 80% accuracy) on the test dataset without K-Fold and 93% accuracy (no individual class accuracy less than 80%) with K-Fold Cross Validation.

Abstract: Since the pandemic situation was officially declared, part of society was immersed in searching desperately for solutions to combat it. Textile firms addressed with uneven effectiveness the challenge of creating products that helped medical and civil professionals (e.g., personal protection equipment, masks, sanitary material, etc.). To do this, they had to face supply problems, lockdown, and had to make a significant innovative effort. This work aims to analyze the strategic response of the companies belonging to the Valencian Textile Cluster (VTC) to the coronavirus crisis and the territorial factors that influenced it. We carried out a report analysis of the news during February–July (2020). Our analysis revealed that, on average, VTC firms responded to the challenge more quickly and effectively than other textile firms. The most influential location-specific factors were the clustering developed, institutional support, and a deep-rooted tradition in producing technical-home textiles, although we also detected that social media collaborated in the process of transferring value information. The influence of all these factors was more intense in the epicenter of the cluster. Consequently, our results highlight the cluster effect and offer lessons that can help manage unexpected future events more effectively

Adolescents' sex-typed cognitive ability is said to be shaped by gender norms and gender roles. Gender discrimination is displayed in every sphere given the persistence of conservative societal values in India. This study used data from the most recent round of the Young Lives survey to investigate the impact of gender norms and gender stereotypes on sex-typed cognitive abilities in quantitative aptitude, receptive vocabulary, and reading ability among Indian adolescents living in the state of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. As regards perception of gender norms, girls were more in favour of egalitarian society as against boys in favour of masculinity in the society. Boys outperformed girls in quantitative aptitude and receptive vocabulary when the effect of gender stereotypes and other socio-demographic influences on sex-typed cognitive abilities were controlled. Wealth status of household, educational qualification, medium of instruction and the perception of masculinity were found to have significant bearing on all three types of cognitive ability. Such a difference in cognitive abilities favouring boys call for an emphasis on promoting girls’ education in terms of quality and avoiding gender stereotype in the educational environment.

As we know it's a difficult situation for all of us all over the world.Every year our nation requires about 4 Cr.units of blood, out of which only 5 Lakh units of blood are available.It is not that, people do not want to donate blood.Often, they are unaware of the need and also, they do not have a proper facility to enquire about it.As a result, needy people end up going through a lot of pain.India has many blood banks, all-functioning in a decentralized fashion.In the current system, individual hospitals have their own blood banks and there is no interaction between blood banks.The management is ad-hoc with no semblance of organization or standard operating procedures.Donors cannot access blood from blood banks other than the bank where they have donated blood.In present system all the blood banks are attached to hospitals and there is no stand-alone blood bank.Some hospital has its own systems and limitations.Because of low number of donors and a greater number of blood banks, the efficiency and quality of blood banks are low, resulting in wastage of blood and blood components.We have developed the 'SHREEMIT -Advanced Blood Care Unit' to solve the problem of the people, to save their time and life at earliest and doing all these in a clean, accurate and hassle free form.The report will further contain the background, project implementation, results & discussions, conclusion & future work, references.II.BACKGROUND A. Background 1) List of Tools and Technologies used a) HTML5: HTML5 is a mark-up language that is used for structuring and presenting the content created by the developer on the World Wide Web.HTML-5 is the latest version of HTML that contains many new features that help in building many powerful websites b) CSS: CSS is a style sheet language.Its full form is "Cascading Style Sheet".It is used for describing the presentation of the HTML project created by the developer on the World Wide Web.CSS 2.1 is the latest version of CSS available at present and used in most of the website development process.c) Bootstrap: It is a free open-source CSS framework developed to use in mobile-first and front-end Web development.It contains predefined mixed CSS and JavaScript-based designs that can be directly used for forms, buttons, navigation, and other interface components.The latest version of Bootstrap is Bootstrap-5, which has finally officially released.d) MySQL: It is an open-source relational database management system.Its name is given on the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter "My" and the abbreviation of Structured Query language.So its name became MySQL.The latest version of MySQL is 8.0.12 that is used today.e) PHP: PHP is a general-purpose scripting language especially for projects of web development.It was originally developed by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.The latest version of PHP used is 8.0.5.

Objectives: Studies that examined the growth during late childhood and early adolescence beyond 8 years of age are very limited. Further, most studies have used dichotomized classification of stunting, thereby limiting the understanding of moderate stunting in childhood growth trajectory. We aimed to examine the course of stunting from childhood to adolescence by undertaking robust analyses of the Young Lives Survey (YLS) longitudinal data from India using multilevel categorization of stunting. Study design: Retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken from YLS in India among 1827 children from the younger cohort born in 2001-02 with complete follow-up data in all five rounds of YLS collected in 2002, 2006, 2009, 2013, and 2016. Methods: A three-state multistate Markov model (not stunted, moderate, severe) was performed to estimate annual transition probabilities, mean sojourn-time, and transition-specific risk factors. Results: Between Round-one and Round-five, cross-sectional prevalence of severe stunting decreased from 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8%, 13.7%) to 5.3% (95% CI: 3.8%, 7.3%), while moderate stunting increased from 19.9% (95% CI: 16.3%,23.9%) to 21.7% (95% CI: 18.4%, 24.9%). Mean Sojourn time estimation indicated a relatively concise state for moderate stunting. The stunting trajectory had shown gender differential where more faltering to severe stunting and lower recovery to the normal state was observed among girls between 8 and 12 years and among boys between 12 and 15 years. Compared with boys, girls had 40% excess likelihood (Hazard Ratio: 1.40; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.95) for moderate-to-severe stunting transition and also had 19% excess likelihood (Hazard Ratio: 1.19; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.40) of favorable transition (moderate-to-non-stunted). Conclusions: The transition trajectory highlights preadolescence, especially among girls, as an additional window of opportunity to ensure better nutrition in adolescent life. With a fifth of adolescents living in India, study findings call for coordinated, multisectoral, age-appropriate, and gender-responsive approach to take India closer to meeting SDG-2. (c) 2021 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.