Background and objectives Cervical cancer remains a significant global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. While high-income countries have seen reduced incidence and mortality rates due to effective screening and HPV vaccination programs, these rates are still high in areas with limited healthcare infrastructure. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), recent efforts are improving public health initiatives and awareness. This retrospective cohort study evaluates clinical outcomes and treatment efficacy in cervical cancer patients at a tertiary cancer center in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi. It analyzes treatment regimens, their effectiveness, and factors affecting survival, disease progression, and treatment completion. Methods and material The study included 275 cervical cancer patients treated between January 2008 and December 2021. Data were extracted from medical records, including demographic information, clinical characteristics, and treatment details. Statistical analyses, including Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cramér's V correlation matrix, were used to evaluate survival outcomes and the relationships between various categorical variables. Results The mean age of patients was 48.88 years, with the majority being non-nationals, 221 (80.37%). Histopathologically, there were 234 (85.18%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 33 (11.85%) cases of adenocarcinomas. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging indicated that 137 (49.80%) patients were in stage II and 60 (21.81%) were in stage III. Pelvic lymph node involvement was observed in 139 (50.54%) patients. The treatment modalities included surgery in 39 (14.18%) patients, 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in 247 (89.81%) patients, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in 11 (4.00%) patients, brachytherapy in 213 (77.45%) patients, and chemotherapy in 248 (90.18%) patients. The survival analysis showed no significant differences in survival among different treatment groups, as indicated by the Log-rank test (p = 0.4060). Conclusion The study highlights the demographic and clinical characteristics of cervical cancer patients in the UAE, emphasizing the prevalence of advanced-stage diagnoses and high-grade tumors. Despite significant efforts to improve screening and treatment, cervical cancer remains a concern in the UAE. The findings underscore the need for enhanced early detection and comprehensive treatment strategies. Addressing the study's limitations, such as the retrospective design and the absence of human papillomavirus (HPV) data, could further refine cervical cancer management and improve patient outcomes in future research.

Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy characterized by slow progression, local recurrence, and distant metastases. This study aims to evaluate the demographic patterns, clinical presentations, outcomes, and survival trends of patients with ACC. Methods A retrospective analysis of 14 patients diagnosed with ACC from 2010 to 2024 at a tertiary cancer center in the United Arab Emirates was conducted. Data on demographics, presenting symptoms, clinical outcomes, tumor characteristics, recurrence patterns, and survival were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate survival trends. Results The cohort was predominantly male (64.3%, n=9) with a mean age of 38.9 years. An enlarging mass in the neck (50%, n=7) was the most common presenting symptom. Local recurrence and distant metastases were observed in 42.9% (n=6) of patients each, with the lungs being the most frequent site of metastases (83.3%, n=5). Advanced-stage disease (Stage III/IV) was common (64.3%, n=9). Overall survival was 85.7% (n=12) over a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. Smoking was associated with poorer survival trends, though not statistically significant (HR=7.0, p=0.083). Conclusion ACC predominantly affects middle-aged individuals and is associated with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastases, especially to the lungs. Although survival trends varied by gender, smoking, and metastases, these differences were not statistically significant, underscoring the need for larger studies to better elucidate prognostic factors.

Background This study delves into the demographics and clinical characteristics of oral cavity tumors in the context of the United Arab Emirates. It further investigates the efficacy of four different treatment modalities in impacting patient survival rates. It aims to understand if any treatments significantly improve survival compared to others. Methodology To assess the survival outcomes across the different treatment groups, the study employed the log-rank test, a non-parametric statistical test widely used in survival analysis. The sample consisted of patients from the electronic medical records assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: radiotherapy only (RT), radiotherapy with surgery and chemotherapy (RT+S+C), radiotherapy with surgery (RT+S), and, finally, radiotherapy with chemotherapy including immunotherapy (RT+C). Data collection involved tracking survival times from the initiation of treatment until the last follow-up period or the occurrence of an event (e.g., death). The statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-squared statistic to determine the distribution of survival times across the groups, providing a quantitative measure of the difference between the observed and expected survival. The Kaplan-Meier curve was plotted for the cohort divided into four groups. Results The log-rank test yielded a p-value of 0.321019, suggesting no statistically significant difference in survival among the treatment groups at the 5% significance level. The chi-squared statistic was 3.498018, within the 95% acceptance region, further corroborating the null hypothesis of no significant survival difference across the groups. Despite this, an observed medium effect size of 0.59 indicates a moderate difference in survival between the groups. Conclusions The findings illustrate that while there is no statistically significant difference in survival rates among the four treatment groups, the medium effect size observed suggests a moderate difference in survival. This emphasizes the need to consider the statistical significance and effect size in clinical research, as they provide different insights into treatment efficacy.

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, particularly in radiation oncology. AI-based contouring tools like Limbus are designed to delineate Organs at Risk (OAR) and Target Volumes quickly. This study evaluates the accuracy and efficiency of AI contouring compared to human radiation oncologists and the ability of professionals to differentiate between AI-generated and human-generated contours. Methods At a recent AI conference in Abu Dhabi, a blind comparative analysis was performed to assess AI's performance in radiation oncology. Participants included four human radiation oncologists and the Limbus® AI software. They contoured specific regions from CT scans of a breast cancer patient. The audience, consisting of healthcare professionals and AI experts, was challenged to identify the AI-generated contours. The exercise was repeated twice to observe any learning effects. Time taken for contouring and audience identification accuracy were recorded. Results Initially, only 28% of the audience correctly identified the AI contours, which slightly increased to 31% in the second attempt. This indicated a difficulty in distinguishing between AI and human expertise. The AI completed contouring in up to 60 seconds, significantly faster than the human average of 8 minutes. Discussion The results indicate that AI can perform radiation contouring comparably to human oncologists but much faster. The challenge faced by professionals in identifying AI versus human contours highlights AI's advanced capabilities in medical tasks. Conclusion AI shows promise in enhancing radiation oncology workflow by reducing contouring time without quality compromise. Further research is needed to confirm AI contouring's clinical efficacy and its integration into routine practice.

Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) remains a pressing global health issue, with a discernible upsurge in incidence, especially in developed countries. Notably, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has witnessed a surge in EC cases, demanding an in-depth, region-specific exploration into the disease's clinical, treatment, and prognostic facets against the backdrop of its unique socio-genetic and environmental contours. Aim This study aimed to profess a comprehensive understanding of EC by examining clinical parameters, treatment modalities, and prognostic outcomes in the UAE context, thereby seeking to delineate potential correlations between varied therapeutic combinations, patient demographics, and tumor characteristics in affecting prognostic outcomes. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study involving 93 patients diagnosed with EC from January 2011 to March 2023 at a leading oncology center in the UAE was conducted. Data, including demographic information, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and prognostic outcomes, were meticulously extracted and analyzed. The R software (version 4.2.2) facilitated exhaustive statistical analyses, involving descriptive statistics, correlation analyses with the polycor package, and survival analyses utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis via the survival and survminer packages, respectively. Results Although the correlation matrix revealed a noticeable relationship between "Family history" and "Age," most parameters displayed independence, offering a robust platform for ensuing multivariate analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, stratified by therapeutic modalities, exhibited no statistically significant survival differences across therapeutic cohorts (p-values: 0.44, 0.86, and 0.83). Conversely, the composite Cox regression model underscored "non-national" demographic, Diabetes Mellitus II, and stromal invasion as pivotal prognostic factors, indicating the multifactorial nature of survival in EC patients and emphasizing demographic and tumor characteristics over therapeutic modalities as influential prognostic determinants. Conclusion In conclusion, while therapy types were not directly correlated with survival, demographic and tumor traits prominently impacted prognostic outcomes, advocating for an intricate, multidimensional approach to managing EC in the UAE. This study hopes to sow seeds for subsequent research, shaping clinically and culturally apt practices and policies in the region's healthcare landscape.

ObjectiveThis study aims to thoroughly assess the radiation dose distribution to critical organs in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, focusing on the correlation between the radiation dosages for the various organs at risk (OARs) in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. MethodsWe meticulously analysed a dataset comprising 38 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, focusing on radiation dosages measured in Gray (Gy) and volumetric data in cubic centimetres (cc) of critical organs, including the lens, brainstem, spinal cord, optic nerve, optic chiasm, and cochlea.A detailed exploratory data analysis approach encompassed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques. ResultsOur analysis revealed several key findings.The mean and median values across various dose measurements were closely aligned, indicating symmetrical distributions with minimal skewness.The histograms further corroborated this, showing evenly distributed dose values across different anatomical regions.The correlation matrix highlighted varying degrees of interrelationships between the doses, with some showing strong correlations while others exhibited minimal or no correlation.The 3D scatter plot provided a view of the multi-dimensional dose relationships, with a specific focus on the spinal cord, lens, and brainstem doses.The bivariate scatter plots revealed symmetrical distributions between the right and left lens doses and more complex relationships involving the brainstem and spinal cord, illustrating the intricacies of dose distribution in radiation therapy. ConclusionOur findings reveal distinct radiation exposure patterns to OARs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.This research emphasises the need for tailored radiation therapy planning to achieve optimal clinical outcomes while safeguarding vital organs.