To improve quality of life to the citizens, Government of India has proposed to create 100 Smart Cities in India (SCI). Each entity in SCI (enterprises) remains connected using Enterprise Information System (EIS) management. Citizens in SCI are also expected to use Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices which will generate huge amount of data (Big Data). These data need to be protected. This would require efficient use of preventive technologies by the enterprises along with human efforts. In this paper some hypotheses and a conceptual model have been provided. These are validated through survey works with 331 usable respondents.

Although information systems (IS) success has been given much attention in IS literature, failure has received lesser attention. This study empirically validates a model of digital service failure for consumers by integrating three dimensions from Tan's failure model and one dimension from DeLone and Mclean's Information Success model. The factors have been mapped to Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT). Experiential survey approach has been used to collect primary data from information systems users who have experienced digital service failure. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used for model testing and validation to measure the impact of information, system, functional and service failure of digital service on end users. The findings suggests that information, functional, system and service failure has an impact on the consumers through the outcome, process, cost and user satisfaction of digital services.

PurposeIn current times, organizations operating in emerging economies are providing digital services to its citizen the internet. Literature indicates that digital services are facing major challenges with respect to its adoption among users groups due to the perceived risks.Design/methodology/approachWith the use of generalized analytic network process (GANP), prioritization of different dimensions of risk has been done on the basis of an empirical survey among user groups in India.FindingsThe result indicates that dimensions like privacy risk, performance risk and financial risk are more important risks across digital services models. However, physical risk, social risk, psychological risk and time risk are comparatively less important risks across digital services. This research also finds out that the end users are reluctant to provide their personal information.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is relatively small which limits generalizability of results beyond India. However, an application of GANP has been showcased for empirical research.Practical implicationsThe research outcome can help managers in deciding which dimensions of risk are more important for digital service delivery and thus facilitate adoption.Originality/valueThis paper focused on the different facets of risk perceived by consumers, toward the digital services available in smart cities. Perceived risk dimensions such as privacy risk, performance risk, financial risk, physical risk, social risk, psychological risk and time risk have shown that there is a need to prioritize these risks to the digital services which is offered to the residents of the smart cities.

Since the increase on use of the digital services, there has been growth of risk surrounding information. So the measure of the information risk while using digital services has been a concern for the information security managers. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model which can be used to measure the information risk while using digital services. The sharing of information during the purchase of the digital services is very certain. The conceptual model develops the antecedents of the information risk. The antecedents are network environment characteristics, network trust, general information security awareness, perceived information privacy concern and information type. The model also includes the contrast which shows the willingness to buy the digital services. It includes perceived risk, trust in service provider, perceived size and reputation of the digital service provider.

Smart cities are envisioned as the future of technology-enabled, resilient, sustainable, creative, and liveable urban human settlements in the world. This chapter explores what the pillars of smart cities actually entail and what could be explored for research and development, under these pillars. In 2011, contribution in the smart city has been examined by scholars from diverse disciplines—information systems, political economy, economics, urban planning, public administration and public policy. An exploration into academic literature highlights that there are six important dimensions of smart cities that have been explored typically, namely smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment, and smart living. A smart economy is driven by innovation and would be expected to be supported by best-in-class universities, providing an ecosystem to nourish the entrepreneurial spirit of the people in the society. The scope of understanding smart cities would remain incomplete without bringing in perspectives from multiple facets of public policy, engineering, process management, and urban governance.

This chapter shows how the relationship with the digital services of a smart city has an impact on the perceived risk. Smart cities are creative, sustainable, and liveable cities that are part of urban management and development. The revolution in digital services has enabled cities and policy makers to link information and communication technologies (ICT) and urban development. The concept of smart cities originated from various definitions such as information city, intelligent city, digital city, knowledge city, and ubiquitous city. The smart city concept has evolved from "information city," and later evolved to an idea of an ICT-centered smart city. The major dimensions of smart city are smart people, smart mobility, smart economy, smart living, smart environment, and smart governance. Digital service providers provide services to digital service users. A smart economy is driven by innovation and supported by universities. The economy of the city is such that it creates an economic image globally and will also have a trademark.

In current times, emerging economies are providing digital services to its citizen through public or private organization. Literature indicates that digital services are facing major challenges with respect to its adoption among relevant users groups, largely due to the perceived risks surrounding digital services. A purposive sampling methodology was adopted for the empirical validation of the framework among user groups. With the use of Generalized Analytic Network Process (GANP), prioritization of different dimensions of risk has been illustrated. The result indicates that dimensions like privacy risk, performance risk and financial risk are the most important risk across digital services models. However physical risk, social risk, psychological risk and time risk are comparatively less important risk across digital services. This research also finds out that the end users are reluctant to provide their personal information. The sample size is relatively small which limits generalizability of results. However an application of GANP has been showcased for empirical research. The research outcome can help managers in deciding which dimensions of risk are more important for digital service delivery. This study focuses on the different facets of risk perceived by consumers towards the digital services available in smart cities. Perceived risk dimensions like privacy risk, performance risk, financial risk, physical risk, social risk, psychological risk and time risk, have shown that there is a need to prioritize these risk to the digital services which is offered to the residents of the smart cities.

Creative, sustainable, and liveable are some of the key features of the smart city. A smart city may be considered as an assemblage of technologies such as information and communication technologies, infrastructure, smart transport, and e-governance to increases competitiveness and administrative efficiency, as well as social inclusion. In general, smart cities create a relation between technology and society. Smart economy is driven by innovation and supported by universities, which provide an ecosystem to grow the entrepreneurial spirit of the people in a society. Smart people should have a lifelong zeal to learn, and there should be social and ethnic plurality. The chapter examines the relationships between personality dimensions and job performance. Personality traits describe an individual's behavior, such as the way a person interacts with others and reacts to any situation. Personality traits describe an individual's behavior, such as the way a person interacts with others and reacts to any situation.