Fermentation not only reduces the toxins but also it is an excellent processing method for improving nutritional and functional properties of soybean due to the increased content of small bioactive compounds. The NEH region of India also has similar traditional fermented soy products. ACE inhibitory activity was found to increase during fermentation and exhibited higher ACE inhibition percent in starter culture strain (H) than starter culture strain (S) of both the soybean used (local small variety and JS-335). Fermentation of soybean with different micro-organisms improve the bio-functional properties due to the increase in free isoflavones and peptides.

The present study was carried out at Central Agricultural University Research Farm, Andro, Imphal East, Manipur, during kharif 2021 to estimate genetic variability parameters of thirty three vegetable soybean genotypes for ten characters. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the tested genotypes. Maximum phenotypic coefficient of variation value (66.54) and genotypic coefficient of variation value (66.53) was recorded for character fresh pod yield/plant. Heritability (in broad sense) value ranged from 99.99 to 86.53. The estimates of genetic advance expressed as percentage ranged from 137.24 to 118.09. Highest GA over its mean was recorded for fresh pod yield/plant (137.24), followed by number of pods/plant (118.09). The correlation study showed a positive and significant correlation between fresh pod yield/plant and the number of pods/plant, 100 fresh pod weight and 100 fresh seed weight.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017 to find out the response of soybean yield to application of foliar nutrition under rainfed condition of Manipur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments which were replicated thrice. Treatments consist of application of foliar nutrient with recommended dose of fertilizer. Results showed that application of foliar nutrients significantly influenced the yield of soybean. Application of RDF + MOP 0.5% at pod initiation produced maximum seed yield of 2096 kg/ha followed by application of RDF + Urea 2% spray at pod initiation (1988 kg/ha) and RDF + 19:19:19 (NPK) 2% at pod initiation (1964 kg/ha).

Bt 127SC formulation supplied by the ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad was field tested atImphal (Manipur) during kharif 2016-2018 against lepidopteran larvae infesting soybean. Two spray application of Bt 127 SC formulation @ 3 ml/litre of water was observed to be less superior to commercial synthetic insecticides but at par with Bt commercial Delfin in reducing Bihar hairy caterpillar and bean leaf webber and comparatively similar in efficacy with the synthetic insecticides in reducing tobacco caterpillar.

In India, particularly in Manipur, the cultivation of fodder crops is given the least attention as most of the agricultural land is devoted to food crops to meet the food demand of our enormous population. As a result, livestock productivity of the state is suffering. In addition, cultivation of single crops repeatedly over years using inorganic sources of nutrients as inputs for the growth and development of the crops in the same field leads to low production at the cost of soil quality deterioration and environmental issues. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the productivity of the oat–chickpea intercropping system to assess the effect of mineral and organic fertilizer management using factorial randomized block design with three replications comprising four levels of the cropping system (CS1-sole oat, CS2-sole chickpea, CS3-intercropping of oat with chickpea in a 3:2 row ratio and CS4-intercropping of oat with chickpea in a 3:3 row ratio) in the main plot and three levels of nutrient management (F1—Full RDF(recommended dose of fertilizer)through inorganic source, F2—50% N of RDF + 50% N through FYM(farm yard manure)and F3—50% N of RDF + 50%N through vermicompost) in the sub plot to study their productivity and economic feasibility. Three years of pooled results revealed that the maximum green fodder yield (50.88 t/ha), dry matter yield (11.84 t/ha) and plant height (120.69 cm) of oat was recorded in CS1, which is among the intercropping systems with the highest green fodder yield (40.11 t/ha) and has a plant height of 115.06 cm; this was recorded in CS3 and the highest dry matter yield (8.44 t/ha) was recorded in CS4. Application of F3 to oats gave the highest green fodder yield, dry matter yield and maximum plant height in all three years of the growing period. The maximum seed yield (1.86 t/ha), harvest index (46.05%), stover yield (2.15 t/ha/ha) and plant height (53.55 cm) of chickpea was obtained in CS2, but among the intercropping system, CS4 was statistically significant at a 5% probability level and was superior in seed yield and stover yield, as compared to the CS3cropping system. The application of F2 showed a higher seed yield and stover yield of chickpea. The green forage equivalent yield (85.37 t/ha), land equivalent ratio (LER) (1.63), gross return ($1902/ha), net returns ($1436/ha) and benefit cost ratio (4.19) were recorded to be the highest in the CS4 cropping system of oat and chickpea. This study concludes that CS4, in combination with the application of F3, can be recommended as it provides a higher green forage equivalent yield, LER and other economic benefits, as compared to other cropping systems and nutrient management practices.

Field experiment was conducted in acidic soil. Application of farm yard manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhancedthe soybean yield and yield attributes. Soybean yield and yield attributes linearly increased as the levels of limeincreased up to 600 kg/ha and then declined. Application of FYM @ 2.5 t/ha along with 600kg/ha of lime recordedmaximum seed yield and yield components of soybean.

Protein malnutrition is widely recognized as a major health problem. Cookies are widely consumed and generally, they are rich in carbohydrates, fats and calories, but low in fibre, vitamins and minerals. Okara, the pulpy by-product generated during the manufacturing process of soymilk and tofu, is considered as a waste product and is either disposed off. A possible use for okara is in baked foods as it has a large amount of fibre and protein. Composite flour was prepared by substituting the wheat flour in the ratio of 10:10:80, 15:10:75, 20:10:70, 25:10:65 and 0:0:100 (control) of okara: black rice flour: wheat flour. The objective of the present study was to prepare nutritious cookies and to study the effect of different combination of okara powder on the nutritional and sensory quality of the developed cookies. In nutrient estimation of cookies, protein content increased from 5.15 % to 7.85 % with increased addition of okara powder. Treatment T4 gave the highest protein content (7.85%) as compared with the control sample T5 (3.26%). The overall acceptability scores for treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 remains the same. So fortification of cookies can be done by replacing wheat flour with okara powder upto 10-25% without adversely affecting the sensory parameters.

The experiment was carried out to study the extent of genetic diversity among the 75 genotypes of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under rainfed condition of Manipur by employing Mahalanobis D² analysis based on 13 morphological characters. The 75 genotypes of soybean were grouped into 9 clusters. Maximum numbers of genotypes were included in the cluster I comprising 28 genotypes followed by cluster II with 13 genotypes, cluster IV with 12 genotypes, cluster III and cluster V with 9 genotypes each and clusters VI, VII, VIII and IX with 1 genotype each. The value of intra-cluster distances ranged from 0.00 to 1181. The highest inter cluster distance (8937) was observed between cluster III and IX. The character plant height (34.13%) contributed highest to the total divergence of the genotypes, followed by pods/plant (29.62%) and days to 80% maturity (14.59%). The highest cluster means values for yield and its component characters were observed in cluster IX. On the basis of inter-cluster distance, cluster mean values, mean per se performance it is advisable to attempt crosses between genotypes from cluster III and cluster IX which may lead to obtaining higher heterotic effect and broad spectrum variability in the segregants.

The experiment was carried out to study the extent of genetic diversity among the 75 genotypes of soybean under rainfed condition of Manipur by employing Mahalanobis D2 analysis based on 13 morphological characters. The 75 genotypes of soybean were grouped into nine clusters. Maximum numbers of genotypes were included in the Cluster I comprising 28 genotypes followed by Cluster II with 13 genotypes, Cluster IV with 12 genotypes, Clusters III and V with nine genotypes each and clusters VI, VII, VIII and IX with 1 genotype each. The value of intra-cluster distances ranged from 0.00 to 1181. The highest inter-cluster distance (8937) was observed between Clusters III and IX. The character plant height (34.13%) contributed the highest to the total divergence of the genotypes, followed by pods per plant (29.62%) and days to 80% maturity (14.59%). The highest cluster means values for yield and its component characters were observed in Cluster IX. On the basis of inter-cluster distance, cluster mean values, mean per se performance it is advisable to attempt crosses between genotypes from Clusters III and IX which may lead to obtaining higher heterotic effect and broad spectrum variability in the segregants.

The research intended to explore the possibility of fortifying the soy flour and banana rhizome starch to formulate the functional biscuit which have the ability to improve the quality of food products due to various functional properties. Soybean has been used in various foods to mitigate the shortage of protein supplies. Supplementation of banana rhizome starch and soy flour with wheat flour was tried at (1:20:79), (2:25:73), (3:30:67), (4:35:61) and (0:0:100) different ratios. The biscuits were evaluated for its quality on the basis of proximate analysis and sensory test. In nutrient estimation of biscuits, protein content was maximum(16.90%) in treatment T4, fat content was highest (21.59%) in treatment T4, moisture content was found maximum (4.00%) in control treatment T5, and the ash content was highest (1.55%) in treatment T4. It is evident from the experiment that biscuits can be made with substitution of soy flour upto 25% with 2% level of banana rhizome starch without adversely affecting the sensory characteristic of biscuit.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2007-2009 in India (Manipur) to study the effect of different sources and levels of phosphorus on productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The treatments consisted of four sources of phosphorus [Single super phosphate (SSP), Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), Single super phosphate (SSP)+Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP)+Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)], four levels of phosphorus (20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) and one absolute control(without any fertilizer and PSB). Application of SSP+PSB produced significantly higher number of nodules per plant, dry weight of nodules per plant, number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight than the other treatments. Maximum grain yield and total phosphorus uptake were also recorded when using SSP+PSB. Yield attributing characters, grain and stover yield were increased with increasing levels of phosphorus. Regarding evaluation of various efficiency fractions of soybean, agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and phosphorus use efficiency had more pronounced effects on combined application of SSP+PSB. However, apparent recovery of phosphorus was higher in DAP+PSB due to higher stover yield and higher phosphorus uptake. Among the different levels the efficiency fractions increase up to 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and declined at 80 kg P2O5 ha-1.